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<document id="F9BB49E01CF1E0566F4FDF20F11DDF31" ID-CLB-Dataset="300256" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d" ID-ZooBank="5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4" ID-publisher-id="122829" URI-arpha="1A5FB32D-5583-5178-9A4F-8ECA83E94B97" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721914000227" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno &amp; Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan" docDate="2024" docId="9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 1-48" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/122829/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Paramixogaster kodaiana Sankararaman &amp; Reemer 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D7109D90-0F62-49EF-9877-DA7014DFF8D5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="1A5FB32D558351789A4F8ECA83E94B97" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1721921231269" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="67AED66D970445041F6C27D1D68A1580" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0146F861AAB405F1FF87FA70D8AB6374">
<mods:title id="D60E0ED5BD36C937D4890D0029DE3EA0">Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="329C0BC763B3863CD21314E7790AA283" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E72C512CE476AF4B4A092F937960DCB8">
<mods:roleTerm id="4F0A0E7ABC9974375C42878A610A987A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="08DEB5ADA8E7C8543E23EC1EDE12D822">Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="79382F271BD4007E2F25E634E0121947">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="41F54BF39DB00FFF1470F0DF1C73F695" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D25A96424F91A57D0318E0A6623D3892">
<mods:roleTerm id="14F70837AC8AAB53B5A530C1A9D86CCF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="09B9614AB026F8F906EAE1AF4C28C958">Sankararaman, Hariharakrishnan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBB4CADEBC4955531163D0DDF3F35852" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5244-9833</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1B8F3CD7F3EE44107F92F54DAB782617">Department of Crop Protection (Entomology), Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642103, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="08A49B4243547A83EF17B97ADF97724C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BC31D666F9A24287057CBED35111B2B0" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BB286EC4AB128458FAEFB39DB3A28CAA">
<mods:title id="2C969EEC0E1CAA8DEC6888162A05C8DF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D3911521A94A15813BE73C15E52CAA3F">
<mods:date id="752E973072935DDDA2DFB29DEC320062">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="54012308F47C381F5FE5750B79DAC320" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="440A1EE0284D653F163C13D56B9703BD">2024-07-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9B25F3FCF826BED88AE7DF16F5738616" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EB5CFF7346BD1774684205442D5B62A2">1208</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="05B61C6E6E0659D79652C2D9079BA83D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3D4C2BCB61210C81835431CD0D8C1304">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="43DDE525014620A7ED4174206ED093C5">48</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="421AED9BC087BE645A3368E60C8D91C3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FF5FA8E760A691F572FCD77CC59086D2" type="CLB-Dataset">300256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="059E79947752F823E05700E3993DD408" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AFA62D6664924A3E2075D3702EBA738B" type="GBIF-Dataset">53a49661-a2e6-431e-b236-f57d6ba5e90d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F914234E9328744C07DC913BECC97A3B" type="ZooBank">5F3E1286-D578-4F4B-AD83-F5BC46D651A4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12820320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12820320" ID-arpha="9E90BDC3-E757-53BE-AE30-4160A397F3AF" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/D7109D90-0F62-49EF-9877-DA7014DFF8D5" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D7109D90-0F62-49EF-9877-DA7014DFF8D5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D7109D90-0F62-49EF-9877-DA7014DFF8D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF">
<subSubSection id="08624906BB11E1BA1977B951A46D59A7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9EEF9EBC1A5DF06CAB586FEB2D47F471">
<taxonomicName id="DF76007DE814DCBA46B059496619920D" authority="Sankararaman &amp; Reemer" authorityName="Sankararaman &amp; Reemer" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodaiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A4CDEA0A02D3A8E00513C0D550EF4B90" italics="true">Paramixogaster kodaiana</emphasis>
Sankararaman &amp; Reemer
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="42562D7DCB7AAC168ACA035D0EC7C2CC" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CD3E16D085AD88B6A5654764174B468" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE87D3755C0C38BCD109510090FBD2B6">
<figureCitation id="1E311EC5439135F4E36DFB1E988201A5" captionStart="Figures 81–87" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figures 81–87. Paramixogaster kodaiana Sankararaman &amp; Reemer, sp. nov. female, holotype: 81 habitus, dorsal 82 habitus, lateral 83 head, frontal 84 head, dorsal 85 tergite 2, dorsal 86 thorax, dorsal 87 wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.122829.figures81-87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1101762">Figs 81–87</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAHBI" type="type material">
<paragraph id="0E1556208F6801BD7C70806082E92E76">
<heading id="5399E0009756455443071C769C584C3D" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4350681115BDC91D80FE3308BA33BAD9">
<materialsCitation id="EC0497ECACA42F61EE190361C79F70E4" collectingDate="2022-01-04" collectionCode="NBAIR" collectorName="H. Sankararaman" country="India" elevation="2070" latitude="10.215008" location="Vattakanal" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.48531" municipality="Kodaikanal" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="C203214B4FE94953E60365D7AC188F68" bold="true">
<emphasis id="21D16FB4DD408F046A02A329AB917A24" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="9010386F3E117BFF6F774323A6E0E6EA" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="9A42CF939FCE82BA65640EC8827E4325" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="EFE9F2908239EE08D45948AA75E6EFDF" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="85199038B6D8F8B198EF1B1DB225A8E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF:85199038B6D8F8B198EF1B1DB225A8E2" country="India" latitude="10.215008" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.48531" municipality="Kodaikanal" name="Vattakanal">Vattakanal</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="17E71E4F23296907C9B31584E3A8FA6B">Kodaikanal</collectingMunicipality>
;
<elevation id="F24E189610C1A82DCCB5D13B35C1CCCF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" unit="m" value="2070.0">
<quantity id="0EF98A48B97A07A5DD46C2E1C407E9C0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" unit="m" value="2070.0">2070 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EOHBI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[77.485319,10.215008]}">
<geoCoordinate id="47B423AD9A09F146B20F7B57A150C811" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.03" value="10.215008">10 ° 12 ' 54.03 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="27DEDFAEBAE0F4B06B97A5677DA9147F" degrees="77" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="07.15" value="77.48531">77 ° 29 ' 07.15 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="88A803B86BE7D14D7B8BD0AC0FF42CD6" value="2022-01-04">
<collectingDate id="9FB942372365BD3FB27C28EF31E5A8BC" value="2022-01-04">4 January 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="25F45EA49202B0E4D759A4419E46D081">H. Sankararaman</collectorName>
leg.;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETHBI" xlink_title="National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources">
<collectionCode id="01B4D7125F2231C235F436A4EE730866">NBAIR</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02F95BD626908F9EE66B9530FBDD2772">
Label 1: “
<collectingCountry id="26065B3DB1C2E95A11A70BE1CB9A165D" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
: Vattakanal, Kodaikanal,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3HBI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[77.485319,10.215008]}">
<geoCoordinate id="8750F2B22ADA06DF56128C3798610445" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.03" value="10.215008">10 ° 12 ' 54.03 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="14C5D86509D1853485A27FF33FAB1879" degrees="77" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="07.15" value="77.48531">77 ° 29 ' 07.15 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
// Sankararaman. H leg.
<date id="274D39589BB9180A34612BF55F2B2145" value="2022-01-04">04. i. 2022</date>
&quot;; label 2 (red): “
<taxonomicName id="44F577548EE90260C2FE404556F36408" authorityName="Reemer &amp; Sankararaman" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodaiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C84881054ECF4714B9C826F355FF7663" italics="true">Paramixogaster kodaiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="172559F4FA753C3BF54BBE8D9A51E677" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
// det. Sankararaman &amp; Reemer ”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BABF03FE15BE56DE18CB45F9B9F53A67">
<materialsCitation id="936DF49B43847F666D79028B9FE181FD" collectingDate="1953-04" collectingDateMax="1953-05-31" collectingDateMin="1953-04" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. S. Nathan" country="India" elevation="1980" location="Kodaikanal" municipality="Pulney Hills" specimenCode="USNMENT 01541882" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="S. India" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="967A160A2DC6EBAE028F47773C87031F" bold="true">
<emphasis id="2952846FC7F528068E0DFA06187A9E0C" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="D7FA3335E2E4B76CC36B2C3E852B38B7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E75FFF0BF7ED20C6485DDB88075EC6E1" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="64B41EA5246B94F66CC6271E59D4E350" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="3778326F6A6A78D3ECE9343EDB81A2B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E90BDC3E75753BEAE304160A397F3AF:3778326F6A6A78D3ECE9343EDB81A2B8" country="India" municipality="Pulney Hills" name="Kodaikanal" stateProvince="S. India">Kodaikanal</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9B82A7EF89880F332A1C0BEEB73B4E4D">Pulney Hills</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="5E4AD89F4D9E76AC7475798A2C55BEA4">S. India</collectingRegion>
;
<elevation id="F790005C222690C2B1E21EC858965FC3" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" unit="m" value="1980.0">
<quantity id="A3CD39DAC59A57A0B12C4AA22584214A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
[
<quantity id="3E854EDB8CE558BFC41C272005790891" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" unit="ft" value="6500.0">6500 ft.</quantity>
];
<date id="DC35B74DE9E74D97F4655914CDB46CEC" value="1953-04" valueMax="1953-05-31" valueMin="1953-04-00">
<collectingDate id="DEF552970899725B20DEEC4DF862111B" value="1953-04" valueMax="1953-05-31" valueMin="1953-04-00">April – May 1953</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="7675F7242872BC0D065B639A8EE9EA0D">P. S. Nathan</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="82825CC0DD277D3EA05447365B0BAD55" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">
<collectionCode id="039EB17EAF82071FF40DB9124550F2C6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</named-content>
[unique specimen identifier
<specimenCode id="BFA6FED8CAFB04A47E932BE9079271B8">USNMENT 01541882</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXIBI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2ED0773B696B0DB8195F9EA550BCEE79">
<heading id="4D3A35007F4FD4F96EF263F3B7B48544" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBE67A3CAB83E4252AA05E28D03CE1F6">
Only female known. Body length:
<quantity id="04B2E3171AC8EFEC22E5F847A140286E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="3F79F0B9A9CB7EA97A49E641AD2DA7F2" authority="Sankararaman &amp; Reemer" authorityName="Sankararaman &amp; Reemer" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kodaiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EF452A8DCBAA8DB2DB6721B0021A809C" italics="true">Paramixogaster kodaiana</emphasis>
Sankararaman &amp; Reemer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6A3411291EABFF418BA77D50E59B409" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the group of species with lateral bulges on the frons. From
<taxonomicName id="EFE386BF196A6DAF8FCAAA44E7FA0DEB" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fujianensis">
<emphasis id="C536AEAEDF1B26F081F7F92348CB7011" italics="true">P. fujianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs by terigte 2 being less than twice as long as wide (more than twice as long as wide in
<taxonomicName id="5E01E82CBE7987D833C4CD2EB60F1A91" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fujianensis">
<emphasis id="8AD47146344F086D79D2762F2B30098A" italics="true">P. fujianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). From
<taxonomicName id="ECF57D129A6B872843212A8CA96619C1" authorityName="Pendlebury" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icariiformis">
<emphasis id="55B9A03B4A5755A7117322957D382863" italics="true">P. icariiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs by the presence of fasciae of golden setulae along the posterior margins of tergites 3 and 4 (absent in
<taxonomicName id="96E6965814928EF988759F14B336258D" authorityName="Pendlebury" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icariiformis">
<emphasis id="BDF2BB33F58BF7459DB7B6AB46A4ABC6" italics="true">P. icariiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). From
<taxonomicName id="88AAE6BD6F3C49A0645EE4ED7C270871" authority="Reemer" authorityName="Reemer" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huoi" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="410D49752EE724F5A10C567B68B71FB3" italics="true">P. huoi</emphasis>
Reemer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="023D0664C20338E41188104336C759F4">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1E079ED1C73EB0935A06D5E706A89FC" authority="Reemer" authorityName="Reemer &amp; Sankararaman" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BC750D6FC1666EDAE6995A998DFF7C0" italics="true">P. sulawesiana</emphasis>
Reemer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29D598C7932C556359D258B8461FD268" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
it differs by the medially interrupted fascia of golden setulae along the transverse suture of the scutum (continuous in
<taxonomicName id="6472D4D98FF5F15874FFCEBB4153C264" authority="Reemer" authorityName="Reemer" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huoi" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="BF6A6A57E5EB1BB3D0D66AE9CDE1C116" italics="true">P. huoi</emphasis>
Reemer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F505244CB68205C0364F5EAC95744F6C">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="FE3375C1AC349C2494C960BBBE827F47" authority="Reemer" authorityName="Reemer &amp; Sankararaman" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paramixogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FF50B840370DF9124B4B84CACB6B481D" italics="true">P. sulawesiana</emphasis>
Reemer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E01DC5ED39CBB405027055EE4F5CB706" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAMBI" type="description">
<paragraph id="AD02FBBF4AF967E173F082DB3503FDBE">
<heading id="9AB2E4B37A617012A3C0A703AD063B36" reason="title">Description</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA79E69E9B7C49632933A9425EE0DF26">
<emphasis id="16BE114D1E7F53655647672F4869134D" bold="true">
(based on
<typeStatus id="F65B632C6FE81CF81C193B210CA3B503" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Adult female.
</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="B25232F3BDC9D579412AB41D812DB864" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DE5D30DE0CCF30E467A6A4B8221DA41">
<emphasis id="EBFA0FFBC68D553BC3062C1B06FAA55D" bold="true">
<emphasis id="52BD4970DF02338F08C2CD12D84BBA36" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Face occupying less than 1 / 3 of head width in frontal view, with sides slightly converging ventrally; dark brown; golden setulose. Gena brown; golden setulose. Oral margin slightly produced laterally. Frons brown; golden setulose. Vertex brown; golden setulose. Ocellar triangle slightly elevated. Occiput wide dorso-laterally, narrowing down ventrally; brown; golden yellow setulose dorsally adjacent to vertical triangle, long silvery white setulose ventrally. Eye bare. Antennal fossa approximately as high as wide. Antenna mostly brown, scape and pedicel orange-brown, postpedicel black; ratio of lengths of scape, pedicel and postpedicel approximately as 1: 0.4: 4.4. Scape ~ 2.4 × the length of pedicel, postpedicel 4.4 × the length of scape. Arista orange-brown, slender, arising close to base of postpedicel and ~ 0.4 × (2 / 5) of length of postpedicel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="718B7A182282DD7D2C140CE19190B03D">
<emphasis id="D8DEF3777C285683F1CB1A1FB54E4793" bold="true">
<emphasis id="B528C125BA97434E7DA9D29D6A46F330" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Mesoscutum dark brown to black, golden setulose. Postpronotum black, bare, but with sparsely scattered long golden setulae, posteriorly. Mesonotum black with fine punctures; with fascia of dense golden setulae along the transverse suture (medially interrupted) and along posterior margin, including postalar calli. Scutellum without calcars; black; dense golden setulose. Pleura brown to black, with short white microtrichia. Anepisternum and katepisternum with golden setulae along posterior margin as extension of golden fascia along mesonotal transverse suture. Anepimeron short white setulose, other pleurites short brown to black microtrichia. Katepisternum blackish brown; long golden yellow setulose dorsally; bare ventrally. Katatergite brown to black; white microtrichose. Metanotum dark brown. Calypter yellow. Halter yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F7A99BCB25A5C8C98BBEDC4581265EC">
Wing: microtrichose, except for bare regions in basal 1 / 5 of cells c, bc, br, almost entire bm, basal 2 / 3 of cup and medially on alula. Blackish antero-apically with distinct dark cloud (apical part of r
<subScript id="34D64F36392D62E3026BF0CA01B797B5">1</subScript>
, entire r
<subScript id="61D1D8F05971710B2519FD109E632B9B">2 + 3</subScript>
, anterior part of r
<subScript id="631E3E0A64486FA09DB2AC922512F6C3">4 + 5</subScript>
) and brownish on basal 1 / 2, otherwise subhyaline. Stigmal crossvein present. Alula ~ 2 × as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB7752ADA143657A30CB2C5CF1DEC80F">Legs: brown to reddish brown, with silvery white setulae. Coxae and trochanters dark brown to black with pale setulae, hind coxa with golden setulae. Hind femur dark brown to black basally. Tibiae and tarsi reddish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7011F6A5EFECA2CB319D152A578EB02F">
<emphasis id="5FF452B94C6DBAD30B44D29A2388FCE6" bold="true">
<emphasis id="11E18590C5C0044BD1FBAA00315B1160" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Segment 2 constricted and segments 3 and 4 widened; narrowest point at posterior tergite 1, widest at posterior margin of tergite 3. Tergites dark brown to black with fine punctures as in mesonotum. Tergite 1 dark brown, with long, scattered, silvery white setulae. Tergite 2 black, constricted and dorsoventrally flattened, with widely separated yellow vittae, anteriorly wide and oblique, posteriorly narrowed down and parallel not reaching the golden setulae along the posterior margin of tergite 2. Dense golden setulae on tergite 2, 3, and 4 posteriorly, scattered golden microtrichia on tergites 3, 4 and 5 dorso-laterally. Sternite 2 pale brown, short yellow setulose. Other sternites brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A54EA2048172095A3B8A2F1035958181">
<emphasis id="C1E2BBB0B19BF273AC3A6C6783F82097" bold="true">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKNBI" type="notes">
<paragraph id="3B57D529B3C7E372F66D550F1FA0D531">
<heading id="93475358DF14366F499BD392FC823F21" reason="title">Notes.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="822674F707E5265BE8FA86F632C0E273">
This species is likely to mimic wasps belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="5D9917AD7B41282633575BD0E8896598" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1831" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65BD49FFD2AC518D702F74F77FBD53A1" italics="true">Ropalidia</emphasis>
Guérin-Méneville, 1831
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6057C95B224489DA7363EA757FF20929" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="AA4FBB66818C13CF364B9833752790D0" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
: Polistinae) by having similar colouration on wing and abdomen. The resting behavior was also very similar: the fly was perching on the underside of a leaf holding its abdomen upright with wings kept flat, as various species
<taxonomicName id="987F88164B1820D8FFC3A78793378810" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09A6BBA51BEC83523EE17770641496ED" italics="true">Ropalidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also do.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENOBI" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="837C62E154D33E9896B5B492FF5275D6">
<heading id="E0DAC8D4FB5EA4A92E1903002BE0BD26" reason="title">Habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4CECC41274664FB15DA4346F8C9383C9">
The
<typeStatus id="0C962067B44E67F2907D4CE61A08722E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected in montane evergreen shola forests, in proximity to human settlement. The dense vegetation included several perennial trees, ferns, and grass. The fly was found perching on the leaves of guava (
<taxonomicName id="34126C652EEC93977CA7BFA680098050" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1F81D44B318B6E8E0B2797087E524D18" italics="true">Psidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1OBI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="91F0C863E8CCF05C30586A40EF9E580A">
<heading id="04EB6FC9465592A139C23133693AA440" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1FFDA9D9C6B2F4DF0D6EB1C60613F58">
Only known from the type locality in
<collectingRegion id="F43338743442479F0373D1D7539CD0F8" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="2E4009591B5EEE3CF798D9635FB10738" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6OBI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BB7E4FF07478852057600B45FC10D45D">
<heading id="C3FA9E1977BCD9D2665421A2B8E662BC" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="493B57626A78C75E7785FBD2D91E3731">
This species is named after the type locality, Kodaikanal (nicknames ‘ Princess of hill stations’), which is located in upper Palani hills of
<collectingRegion id="FAFBD4451FCAB184BCB18104ABB0C0C0" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
. The epithet is a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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