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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="277368" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.108448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec728d43-aea8-4aee-98d7-3ce5ac912186" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889-7-269" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F052E03BB0CF569F869D66F0B21CEFBD" ID-ZooBank="1E892669A346457AAA4C277862E54019" ModsDocID="2535-0889-7-269" checkinTime="1699992457375" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cosandey, Vivien" docDate="2023" docId="56AFC1F9458A5166BFA5ACD5CDCBC08F" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 7: 269-273" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 7" docPubDate="2023-11-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.108448" docTitle="Parvapila lyncispinnae Cosandey 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="21000D3B-D5C5-415A-84C1-EE447BCD1158" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="F052E03BB0CF569F869D66F0B21CEFBD" lastPageNumber="269" masterDocId="F052E03BB0CF569F869D66F0B21CEFBD" masterDocTitle="Parvapila lyncispinnae new genus and new species (Coleoptera, Melandryidae) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="273" masterPageNumber="269" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1732797845392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="25A110577899A9403E3C8EE051DC83A0">Parvapila lyncispinnae new genus and new species (Coleoptera, Melandryidae) from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0A41E9A2209FB4250D7AD0A1ABDA6151" type="personal">
<mods:role id="832F9507564DC772BAF58591D0274B9E">
<mods:roleTerm id="2A7A4D1C7F97A9BA0C9AC0FCDF3FAD83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5EE530876B01D573588301DD6FE48562">Cosandey, Vivien</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C9B709638D636A97EF00485CA4AD9EF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-3406</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="87C2B1273861748BD4881413D074CE41">Museum d'histoire naturelle, Malagnou 1, 1206 Geneve, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="19A781A5E618BCC1868E362A4EE78E90" type="email">vivien.cosandey@bluewin.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="057946421613279DAB44AE8CF31F4452">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="77DD1E1FB215D740946B1F48E58539CA">
<mods:title id="67D5F6E84FE1CBB30F2945C64DE3776D">Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="715A7C7EADC3DFB9274459742EF7BB6F">
<mods:date id="0946985FE70784D68D671522282F3E23">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="956E5FC2E9039882CA6C3B9BAE9A0A4B">2023-11-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="840503AD4910EF28F87E019070FBCF60" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F32840313D7691A6606CEC57D94B2948">7</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5CEFCCBA80600D94BD0AECF2B803514D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.108448</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="D97DDB2F512260865C525E4B2B4F5AED">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6F58E8DC1BE06B9925979FFCBB312194" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.108448</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D8218481E26997DACECDFAAE5243D81C" type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0889-7-269</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="E52609DC9973624C6570EAA7BCBB049A" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="results">
<treatment id="56AFC1F9458A5166BFA5ACD5CDCBC08F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10170348" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217600509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10170348" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21000D3B-D5C5-415A-84C1-EE447BCD1158" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56AFC1F9458A5166BFA5ACD5CDCBC08F" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" scope_family="Melandryidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="0F8A7F2366C41EFCB1EA069734BF1C77" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB88BCF1B240E05AED81E641D3DAC1E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="FC7E0B688642D03D55E477AF8B99C7E9" LSID="https://zoobank.org/21000D3B-D5C5-415A-84C1-EE447BCD1158" authority="Cosandey, 2023" authorityName="Cosandey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Parvapila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvapila lyncispinnae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyncispinnae" status="sp. nov.">Parvapila lyncispinnae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77B8404B21424796A07FE56E3F0D1DB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F33F58752A7CB520C0E3B1D6DDCF779" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="3E67505EC7C9F623C9B4E432E877855F" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<figureCitation id="32BC5941E443D3BC63C3B4D22D56E9E1" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Parvapila gen. nov. 1. Scutellar shield; 2. Metanepisternum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935326" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figs 1-2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AD249DE0DBDDC93103A19AFF0F5255E9" captionStart="Figures 39" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Parvapila lyncispinnae sp. nov. 3 - 5. Habitus; 6. Male metaventrite; 7. Female metaventrite; 8. Male sternite IX; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">, 3-9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F83ACFBCBD7B7F30BB5C03E9D68B7C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="type material">
<paragraph id="F8AB3950314862D5164F3EF227DD896A" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E524AD252F03968A875F449D841646FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="D2E8F08EBB574D3AF57CD5302A854429" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Holotype</emphasis>
(housed in NHMUK): NHMUK-ENTO-0119356; 1♂; RSA, Western Cape, Grootvadersbosch N.R.,
<geoCoordinate id="35029CF321B86712EC5C20C4DDF9953E" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59.39" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-33.989834">33°59.39'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BAF5E270A29BFA91E19A898FFB212C8D" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="48.32" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="20.805334">20°48.32'E</geoCoordinate>
, 25-26.I.2004; 350 m, sifting, lgt. P.
<normalizedToken id="A2CC87AD5EBCC6A205507ACF4AFBC03F" originalValue="Hlaváč">Hlavac</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547BFC1F04FD6A7247F2A9CE9FF648D" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="2667F594AE2D13CDCE36604B8D0E5DB1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Paratypes</emphasis>
(3): NHMUK; NHMUK-ENTO-0119357 - NHMUK-ENTO-0119359; 1♂, 2♀; same data as holotype. - 1♂; OKZC; South Africa, Western Cape, Kogelberg NR, Platbos for.,
<geoCoordinate id="6970AD311C4B7184D28830E82404A8D3" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="20.1" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-34.335">34°20.1'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3FDDA8F62ED6456B2DB59C2DA9AE7896" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="56.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="18.933332">18°56.0'E</geoCoordinate>
, 14.i.2020, P. Bulirsch lgt. - 18♂ and ♀; NHMUK, TMSA, PBPC, OKZC; South Africa, Western Cape, Marloth NR, Duiwelsbos for.,
<geoCoordinate id="73E726DFDB4551368B40EC257BDEDC37" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59.6" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.993332">33°59.6'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D8FD894922E78F173CEFB534CAA99A56" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="27.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="20.46">20°27.6'E</geoCoordinate>
, 25.x.2019, P. Bulirsch lgt. - 5♂ and ♀; NHMUK, OKZC: South Africa, Western Cape, Marloth NR, Koloniesbos for.,
<geoCoordinate id="A2CCA2D5006E68B5C5A01CDB06401673" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.991665">33°59.5'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="518A91AD101E32C6C41F0C3564469A78" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="27.1" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="20.451666">20°27.1'E</geoCoordinate>
, 26.x.2019, P. Bulirsch lgt. - 14♂ and ♀; NHMUK, OKZC: South Africa, Western Cape, Marloth NR, Duiwelsbos indig. forest,
<geoCoordinate id="C352F749E288B6718DC0D245DC454139" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59.6" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.993332">33°59.6'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D9FB6C4223A3DC122D43445E5F44F515" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="27.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="20.46">20°27.6'E</geoCoordinate>
, 22.x.2013, P. Bulirsch lgt. - 10♂ and ♀; NHMUK, OKZC: South Africa, Western Cape, Marloth NR, Wamakersbos, ca.
<geoCoordinate id="E11FB6FB7633A438BADB45F6E8796339" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.991665">33°59.5'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E4489B2A21CE9CFB0A6AA495E798993B" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="28.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="20.476667">20°28.6'E</geoCoordinate>
, 23.i.2020, P. Bulirsch lgt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FF8F1579F87FA9AB254CB31B8CDFFB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="83B1D291EF95879FC2F04789810711B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA2B720DAE14E1B329570D0AAC57EAEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
For now,
<taxonomicName id="6FE450C7E92F5A01475D91EFF4C56CA1" authorityName="Cosandey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Parvapila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvapila lyncispinnae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyncispinnae">
<emphasis id="0FF3105F260F6725503BE5DD77D59031" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Parvapila lyncispinnae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only known species of this genus. It can be easily distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="8AFE89353390DDA6B449065F10FB7D8C" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" rank="tribe" tribe="Orchesiini">Orchesiini</taxonomicName>
by characters given in the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="0FDA38FFB5FC7632DB489347F89C5DBA" authorityName="Cosandey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Parvapila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvapila" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B2D271C205DA4402FB065C92C2593DC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Parvapila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E53542C228A6EBEB8D74817495C38183" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B773EB886DF45D36FD689AD02E3DF88" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DA0F2030C12DF958D64D32E0AF9D5F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">The specific epithet refers to the shape of the sternite IX of males, which bears two patches of setae, recalling the tufted ears of the Eurasian lynx.</paragraph>
<caption id="3694609293F2666100936375635BD5D9" doi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935326" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figures 1, 2" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="195D1DD460FF70701D307B567913BBB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="6D4189EA9AEBCA1601DFA34AE06CDABD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="214DA4E5E4BA1EE1EDB2527DBA0E3FF6" authorityName="Cosandey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Parvapila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvapila" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BDF5726CE37FF524A19E7DD035EA365" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Parvapila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov.
<emphasis id="DF77D23E0FCC3C109A954975C3BE8E6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">1.</emphasis>
Scutellar shield;
<emphasis id="072F2A6B6342C39873682EB59F1C0BCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">2.</emphasis>
Metanepisternum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F99C88D0D82DDF0FD66B44FAF044407B" doi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" start="Figures 39" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="FE69B7384BC3B72D4A1BD67F1430AB94" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="5E6514E1CD1B08081F5434E017318DE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Figures 3-9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8F3250B68E685280CDDC51F92AB564AE" authorityName="Cosandey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Parvapila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvapila lyncispinnae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyncispinnae">
<emphasis id="BD3E5BD4AD3B781A7018FEA3DC7F9F1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Parvapila lyncispinnae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="9DC2EC6FB0A24926D9CA71C794379218" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">3-5.</emphasis>
Habitus;
<emphasis id="7A95121FA3A571B3CF6EC8B31277CFB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6.</emphasis>
Male metaventrite;
<emphasis id="0F8553DACE22E0F468B2CF748A211973" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">7.</emphasis>
Female metaventrite;
<emphasis id="89D158D79F62A44CE1EB9D1083656810" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">8.</emphasis>
Male sternite IX;
<emphasis id="6C6E1E5C04AB5BC31C0B4C236BB0FE17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">9.</emphasis>
Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E1DA84FF7A63EA30FA149876E910C5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="AF4D2A0808120F968E572A97628F350D" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F343EF962918BE91F78514065C658BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Length: 1.48-2.51 mm; width: 0.78-1.28 mm; depth: 0.57-0.91.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23E171DA8C84FAC704657F40A07D85C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Body (Figs
<figureCitation id="5D2CA08B4B46828F79F07D488604B7A6" captionStart="Figures 39" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Parvapila lyncispinnae sp. nov. 3 - 5. Habitus; 6. Male metaventrite; 7. Female metaventrite; 8. Male sternite IX; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">3-5</figureCitation>
) oval, ca. twice longer than wide, widest at middle; sides regularly arcuate in dorsal view; body convex in lateral view, slightly elongated posteriorly. Body yellowish to orange-reddish. Pubescence regular and dense, yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26B8C1D3F342D3911C0425E7D68B51BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Head with strong setiferous punctation; surface covered by homogeneous transverse microreticulation. Clypeus with strong and rough punctation; surface lacking microreticulation. Antennae long, reaching posteriorly ca. middle of body; antennomeres progressively widening toward apex, not forming distinct club; length ratios of antennomeres: 22-16-13-8-11-12-10-11-14-13-29; antennomere I and XI ca. twice longer than wide, antennomeres II, III, V, VI, and VII slightly elongate, antennomeres IV, VIII, and X slightly transverse, antennomere IX as long as wide. Basal maxillary palpomere small, as long as wide; second article transverse; penultimate article transverse, three times wider than long; distal maxillary palpomere 1.2 times longer than wide, widest at base, with inner margin slightly concave, outer margin widely rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1813196A9A088DFE91D775E96CDE506" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Pronotum ca. 0.4 times as long as wide, widest at base; surface covered by fine punctation, two times denser anteriorly than at base; elytral surface covered by microreticulation formed of transverse to polyhedral meshes. Elytra 1.5 times longer than wide; homogeneously covered with small granules except for elytral base, and with dense confluent rough punctation; lacking microreticulation, shining; pubescence long and dense directed posteriad. Scutellar shield small, 0.07 mm wide, ca. twice longer than wide, with rounded posterior margin, surface smooth and shining, bearing a few hairs. Metaventrite shining, homogeneously covered by shallow microreticulation and fine punctation and pubescence. Length of both metatarsal spurs subequal, almost as long as metatarsomere I; first metatarsomere seven times longer than wide; length ratio of metatarsomeres: 38-12-9-11.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E99BEF4FF99658F6C371CADB2CB5DECD" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Abdomen bearing dense pubescence on ventral side; surface smooth, shining, finely punctured, without microreticulation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="412229CD7C96D16C75D1F2B2D25532D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="657E0A883AE0E1F53292CC899AE4F0EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Male</emphasis>
: Metaventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E87EF20DD839EC523B1DC79E5790FB70" captionStart="Figures 39" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Parvapila lyncispinnae sp. nov. 3 - 5. Habitus; 6. Male metaventrite; 7. Female metaventrite; 8. Male sternite IX; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">6</figureCitation>
) with a deep oval medial depression occupying slightly more than posterior half of metaventrite and three to four times longer than wide, widest at middle, with margins clearly edged; inner area of medial depression bearing long pubescence; metaventral area anterior of depression with long erected hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2EC3E5496C86815DEEBFA8EC454C0A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
Sternite IX (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DA984309B85B6A474908A74E8730EF54" captionStart="Figures 39" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Parvapila lyncispinnae sp. nov. 3 - 5. Habitus; 6. Male metaventrite; 7. Female metaventrite; 8. Male sternite IX; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">8</figureCitation>
) 0.51 mm long, formed by two tubular pieces joining anteriorly and linked by a thin membrane, strait on anterior 2/3, diverging in apical third, prolonged by quadratic membranous pieces with pubescent tips. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C203530DCC998A46A3637738B65F9B09" captionStart="Figures 39" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Parvapila lyncispinnae sp. nov. 3 - 5. Habitus; 6. Male metaventrite; 7. Female metaventrite; 8. Male sternite IX; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">9</figureCitation>
) 0.43 mm long; phallobase slightly sinuate around its midlength, 0.6 times as long as total aedeagal length; parameres straight, divergent posteriad, in basal half not distinct from median lobe; median lobe extremely thin, narrowed posteriad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C2199BB08DCAE88EF924C5BCC7B2A9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="6AE709BDDCBD450D94C2407C2BA3B83F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">Female</emphasis>
: Metaventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F38FD67A94934C970AF94D61930C3FD5" captionStart="Figures 39" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 9. Parvapila lyncispinnae sp. nov. 3 - 5. Habitus; 6. Male metaventrite; 7. Female metaventrite; 8. Male sternite IX; 9. Aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.7.108448.figures3-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935327" pageId="0" pageNumber="269">7</figureCitation>
) with shallow lineiform groove directed longitudinally occupying 0.6 times of metaventral length, surrounded by strong hairs directed posteriad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>