387 lines
47 KiB
XML
387 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="F8A902A91C8EA76729130B834D3A3B76" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A31E960557C5FAEFFD5E9900" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Aesculus constabularisii Wheeler & Manchester & Baas 2023, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1728052592909" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="FB6819A10A802741E81E116A7AFE2BA4">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3FF794CFD4D8C3A330FEBE72A0A6BDD6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6076A5BD9B655ABD4C52D8D21606C7F6">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A9CE5C40F6B326481CB45756358D297">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4357348BAD2936432FF34979D5E1874F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6F4417FA2D545F4E722E40D27869DEFF">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="381C22D0E5093E2FFF7830ADE1050697">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="278D639C390339B23B3FD6678046E90C">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C50376477AB30B52B14A88277A9308C">
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<mods:date id="57BDFCFC107DFDD1680A4281791ABDED">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ED72CC563A7361ECBC22A4CB3FA0BCAF">2023-11-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="86D1DAF522B6FC81296A6236B9442937">40</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="01EB6ABFA5A3AE89EB9FE3CA09DE7A94">14</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E0A719D23E8847A09000A1D8E9B8C3C8">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="093FA7FF63B0A7507B0A25E843C84535" type="DOI">10.5070/P9401462457</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4132495E3C1BCD462C3BC859ABADC676" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038AF505A31E960557C5FAEFFD5E9900" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AF505A31E960557C5FAEFFD5E9900" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AF505A31E960557C5FAEFFD5E9900" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A31E960057C5FAEFFAA29E04" box="[958,1398,1327,1355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E960057C5FAEFFAA29E04" blockId="33.[958,1398,1217,1355]" box="[958,1398,1327,1355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA31E960057C5FAEFFAA29E04" allCaps="true" box="[958,1398,1327,1355]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31E960057C5FAEFFAC99E04" authority="Wheeler & Manchester & Baas, 2023" authorityName="Wheeler & Manchester & Baas" authorityYear="2023" box="[958,1309,1327,1355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="33" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="constabularisii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31E960057C5FAEFFAC99E04" box="[958,1309,1327,1355]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">AESCULUS CONSTABULARISII</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264257AA31E96005158FAF3FAA29E04" box="[1315,1398,1331,1355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A31E96005158FAF3FAE99E04" box="[1315,1341,1331,1355]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
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. NOV.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A31E96005026FA9BFB019E3C" box="[1117,1237,1371,1395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E96005026FA9BFB019E3C" blockId="33.[1117,1237,1371,1395]" box="[1117,1237,1371,1395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31E96005026FA9BFB019E3C" box="[1117,1237,1371,1395]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">FIG. 16A–L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A31E9600571AFA4BFB0A9DB4" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AFA4BFA6A9D1F" blockId="33.[833,1522,1419,1958]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600571AFA4BFBD19EEA" bold="true" box="[865,1029,1419,1445]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis—</emphasis>
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Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Mean tangential diameters <100 µm. Perforation plates simple, intervessel pits alternate, small to medium; vessel-ray parenchyma pits similar to intervessel pits. Widely spaced helical thickenings throughout the vessel elements.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AF998FB879D3C" blockId="33.[833,1522,1419,1958]" box="[865,1107,1624,1651]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Fibers non-septate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AF9BAFBE19DF9" blockId="33.[833,1522,1419,1958]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Axial parenchyma not common, some scanty paratracheal and marginal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AF97FFB0A9DB4" blockId="33.[833,1522,1419,1958]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Rays exclusively uniseriate; homocellular, composed of procumbent cells, non-storied.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A31E9600571AF8C3FBD09C0F" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AF8C3FBD09C0F" blockId="33.[833,1522,1419,1958]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B4E4EA31E9600571AF8C3FBD09C0F" collectionCode="UF" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="UF 278-84887" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600571AF8C3FC2E9C52" bold="true" box="[865,1018,1795,1821]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A31E9600571AF8C3FC0E9C52" box="[865,986,1795,1821]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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—
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB85EC68A31E96005781F8C3FB679C52" box="[1018,1203,1795,1821]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">UF 278-84887</specimenCode>
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, estimated maximum diameter 10+ cm.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A31E9603571AF887FDEC9B93" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31E9600571AF887FCA09CE9" blockId="33.[833,1522,1419,1958]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31E9600571AF887FBDD9C2E" bold="true" box="[865,1033,1863,1889]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Etymology—</emphasis>
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Named for Adam Constabularis, NC State Library IT guru, who watches over the InsideWood web site.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFF02FDEC9B93" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" box="[144,568,194,220]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960354EBFF02FE939B93" bold="true" box="[144,327,194,220]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Occurrence—</emphasis>
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Dietz Hill (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A31D960355B1FF02FE249B93" box="[458,496,194,220]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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278).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A31D960554EBFF25FD5E9900" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFF25FE819A6C" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960354EBFF25FE9F9BB0" bold="true" box="[144,331,229,255]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth rings present, marked by radially narrow fibers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFEECFE0E9985" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
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Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with a concentration of vessels at the beginning of a growth ring (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D96035402FEB2FED89AC2" box="[121,268,370,397]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16A–C</figureCitation>
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); vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2–3 (rarely 4–5); mean tangential diameter 83 (17) µm, range 44–105 µm; 61–74 vessels/mm
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<superScript id="7C56E95BA31D96035601FE78FD519A84" attach="left" box="[634,645,440,459]" fontSize="8" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">2</superScript>
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. Perforation plates simple (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D96035559FE1CFE0E9AB9" box="[290,474,476,502]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16E–F, J, K</figureCitation>
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); intervessel pits alternate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D96035402FE3FFF339955" box="[121,231,511,538]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16G</figureCitation>
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), horizontal diameter 5.5–7.5 µm. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits slightly smaller than intervessel pits (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D96035402FD85FF3F992F" box="[121,235,581,608]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16H</figureCitation>
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). Vessel element lengths 302–438–588 µm; vessel element end walls inclined. Widely spaced inclusions present (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D9603555CFD4CFE5E99E8" box="[295,394,652,679]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16J</figureCitation>
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). Helical thickenings throughout vessel elements (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D9603553FFD6FFE199985" box="[324,461,687,714]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16K, L</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFD12FE99985F" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
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Fibers thin-thick-walled, non-septate, pitting not observed (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D960354A8FD35FE94985F" box="[211,320,757,784]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16K</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFCD9FDB79819" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Axial parenchyma not common, some scanty paratracheal, and some in growth ring margins.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFCA0FCF498F0" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
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Rays exclusively uniseriate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D9603558AFC9FFDA39835" box="[497,631,863,890]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16I–K</figureCitation>
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). Average ray height 11 cells, range 4–26. Homocellular, composed of procumbent cells (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A31D9603552CFC65FE6B988F" box="[343,447,933,960]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="35.[144,219,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-15@35.[147,1491,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 16. Caption on pg. 35." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913362/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16L</figureCitation>
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), 8–12 per mm, non-storied.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFC09FD6A98AC" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" box="[144,702,969,995]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Oil/mucilage cells and crystals not observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFC2CFE359EBC" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960354EBFC2CFDA29F49" bold="true" box="[144,630,1004,1030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Comparisons with modern woods—</emphasis>
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In the InsideWood database, only genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603567DFBCFFD779F66" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[518,675,1039,1065]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
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have this combination of features: wood not ring-porous (3a), vessels solitary and in short multiples with a random arrangement (6a 7a 8a 9a 10a), simple perforation plates (13p), alternate intervessel pit small-medium (22p 24a 27a), vessel-ray parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting (30p), helical thickenings throughout vessel elements (36p 37p), vessel diameter not large (43a), non-septate fibers without obvious pits (61p 66p), axial parenchyma not conspicuous (77a 79a 80a 83a 84a 85a 86a), exclusively uniseriate homocellular rays (96p 104p). Of the eleven matching genera, only
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960356FCFA51FD3B9EE2" box="[647,751,1425,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960356FCFA51FD3B9EE2" box="[647,751,1425,1453]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has exclusively non-septate fibers, the other genera have predominantly septate fibers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D960354EBFA3CFC019A6C" blockId="34.[112,801,194,1946]" lastBlockId="34.[833,1522,194,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Consequently, we consider this wood to belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603540BF9DFFEDA9D76" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[112,270,1567,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603551DF9DFFDFB9D76" box="[358,559,1567,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Hippocastaneae">Hippocastaneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a tribe with a disjunct distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D9603552FF982FE289D13" author="Stevens, P. F." box="[340,508,1602,1628]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" refId="ref39642" refString="Stevens, P. F. 2001 - onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Available at: http: // www. mobot. org / MOBOT / research / APweb /." type="url" year="2001">Stevens, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-onwards). Kew’s Plants of the World (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035560F9A6FE679DCF" author="POWO" box="[283,435,1638,1664]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" refId="ref38449" refString="POWO. 2023. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet, https: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org / Retrieved 2023." type="url" year="2023">POWO 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) recognizes 12 accepted species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960354B2F947FEEC9DEC" box="[201,312,1671,1699]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960354B2F947FEE09DEC" box="[201,308,1671,1699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aesculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Wood anatomical differences between the species include vessel-ray parenchyma pitting
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A31D96035698F96CFCC89D89" box="[739,796,1708,1734]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, diameter and abundance of vessels, presence/absence of storied rays or marginal parenchyma.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035629F932FCF49C42" author="Klaassen, R." box="[594,800,1778,1805]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 214" refId="ref36287" refString="Klaassen, R. 1999. Wood anatomy of the Sapindaceae. IAWA Journal Supplement 2: 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1999">Klaassen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603557FF8D4FD7A9C7F" authority="Rehder (1935)" authorityName="Rehder" authorityYear="1935" box="[260,686,1812,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Handeliodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603557FF8D4FE349C7F" box="[260,480,1812,1840]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Handeliodendron</emphasis>
|
||
Rehder (1935)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wood is nearly identical to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603552AF8F7FE6A9C1C" box="[337,446,1847,1875]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603552AF8F7FE6E9C1C" box="[337,442,1847,1875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aesculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but it has only heterocellular rays. Both genera have widely spaced helical thickenings in the vessels, a unique feature within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035607F8BFFCCF9CD6" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[636,795,1919,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in other sapindaceous genera with helical thickenings the thickenings are closely spaced (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035080FF25FA669A4F" author="Klaassen, R." box="[1275,1458,229,256]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 214" refId="ref36287" refString="Klaassen, R. 1999. Wood anatomy of the Sapindaceae. IAWA Journal Supplement 2: 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1999">Klaassen 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D960351C5FF25FC109A6C" author="Itoh, T. B. & Pan, P. & Baas, J. & Luo, D. & Li, Y. & Cui, F. & Wang & M. Mertz & Y. Yasumoto" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" refId="ref36047" refString="Itoh, T. B. Pan, P. Baas, J. Luo, D. Li, Y. Cui, F. Wang. M. Mertz and Y. Yasumoto. 2022. Anatomical Atlas and Database of Chinese Woods. Kaiseisha Press. 2679 pp." type="book" year="2022">Itoh et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D9603571AFEECFAA0988F" blockId="34.[833,1522,194,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The clades recovered by phylogenetic analyses of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AFE8FFC0F9A26" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[833,987,335,361]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035066FE8FFB309A26" author="Xiang, Q-Y & D. J. Crawford & A. D. Wolfe & C. W. DePamphilis" box="[1053,1252,335,362]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="988 - 997" refId="ref41606" refString="Xiang, Q-Y, D. J. Crawford, A. D. Wolfe, Y-C Tang and C. W. DePamphilis. 1998. Origin and biogeography of Aesculus L. (Hippocastanaceae): a molecular phylogenetic perspective. Evolution 52 (4): 988 - 997." type="journal article" year="1998">Xiang et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035095FE8FFA179A26" author="Harris, A. J. & D. T. Thomas" box="[1262,1475,335,362]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="108 - 126" refId="ref35500" refString="Harris, A. J., Q-Y Xiang and D. T. Thomas. 2009. Phylogeny, origin, and biogeographic history of Aesculus L. (Sapindaceae) - an update from combined analysis of DNA sequences, morphology, and fossils. Taxon 58 (1): 108 - 126. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 27756827]." type="journal article" year="2009">Harris et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D960351B5FE90FC189AC3" author="Du, Z-Y & A. J. Harris" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="106726" refId="ref34372" refString="Du, Z-Y, A. J. Harris and Q-Y Xiang. 2020. Phylogenomics, coevolution of ecological niche and morphology, and historical biogeography of buckeyes, horse chestnuts, and their relatives (Hippocastaneae, Sapindaceae) and the value of RAD-Seq for deep evolutionary inferences back to the Late Cretaceous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 145: 106726. [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106726]." type="journal article" year="2020">Du et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) generally align with the five groups recognized on the basis of morphology by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035178FE55FA639AFF" author="Hardin, J. W." box="[1283,1463,405,432]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="145 - 171" refId="ref35465" refString="Hardin, J. W. 1957. A revision of the American Hippocastanaceae. Brittonia 9: 145 - 171. [https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2804781]." type="journal article" year="1957">Hardin (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The exception is the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960350E3FE77FC099AB9" authority="(Spach) Nutt. (1838)" authorityName="Nutt." authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Spach" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960350E3FE77FA5E9A9C" box="[1176,1418,439,467]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus californica</emphasis>
|
||
(Spach) Nutt. (1838)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was recovered as belonging Section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AFE3FFB549956" authority="Spach (1834)" authorityName="Spach" authorityYear="1834" box="[833,1152,511,539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Calothyrsus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603573AFE3FFC1B9954" box="[833,975,511,539]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Calothyrsus</emphasis>
|
||
Spach (1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with the Asian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AFDE1FBCE9972" authority="Bung" authorityName="Bung" box="[833,1050,545,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603573AFDE1FC049972" box="[833,976,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bung
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035061FDE1FBF39972" box="[1050,1063,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">e</emphasis>
|
||
(1833),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960350EEFDE3FA199972" authority="Griff. (1854)" authorityName="Griff." authorityYear="1854" box="[1173,1485,546,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960350EEFDE3FAF29973" box="[1173,1318,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. assamica</emphasis>
|
||
Griff. (1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960351A1FDE1FAEB992F" authority="(Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook. (1859)" authorityName="Hook." authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Cambess." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960351A1FDE1FC58992F" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. indica</emphasis>
|
||
(Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook. (1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All the aforementioned species have vessel-ray parenchyma pits similar to the intervessel pits (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A31D960350C6FD4CFAD399E9" box="[1213,1287,652,678]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">IAWA</collectionCode>
|
||
feature 30). There are no wood anatomical descriptions for species in Sections
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960357FDFD13FB0D99A3" authority="Spach (1834)" authorityName="Spach" authorityYear="1834" box="[902,1241,722,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Macrothyrsus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960357FDFD13FBF999A0" box="[902,1069,723,751]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Macrothyrsus</emphasis>
|
||
Spach (1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603517BFD13FAAE99A0" box="[1280,1402,723,751]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Parryana.</emphasis>
|
||
Available information on Section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603501EFD34FB7D985F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[1125,1193,756,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Pavia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603501EFD34FB7D985F" box="[1125,1193,756,784]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Pavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates its species differ as they have horizontally elongate vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders. Section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035080FCFAFA139819" box="[1275,1479,826,854]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035080FCFAFAB79819" box="[1275,1379,826,854]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960351A1FCFAFB8E9836" authority="Blume, 1847" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960351A1FCFAFC629835" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
Blume, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603501EFC9FFAEB9836" box="[1125,1343,863,889]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hippocastanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603501EFC9FFAEB9836" box="[1125,1343,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. hippocastanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A31D9603513FFCA0FA839835" box="[1348,1367,864,890]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
., 1753) have storied structure or a tendency to it as do
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603514EFC41FA6A98D2" box="[1333,1470,897,925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603514EFC41FA6A98D2" box="[1333,1470,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AFC64FC7E988F" box="[833,938,932,960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603573AFC64FC7E988F" box="[833,938,932,960]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603504AFC66FAA5988F" authority="Spach (1834)" authorityName="Spach" authorityYear="1834" box="[1073,1393,933,962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Calothyrsus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603504AFC66FB6B988D" box="[1073,1215,934,962]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Calothyrsus</emphasis>
|
||
Spach (1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D9603571AFC09FA259E0C" blockId="34.[833,1522,194,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The concentration of vessels at the beginning of a growth ring is unusual for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960350E1FC2AFAD69F49" box="[1178,1282,1002,1030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960350E1FC2AFAD69F49" box="[1178,1282,1002,1030]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but a tendency to this feature occurs in some samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035153FBCEFA6F9F65" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1847" box="[1320,1467,1038,1066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035153FBCEFA6F9F65" box="[1320,1467,1038,1066]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603573AFBF1FC069F02" box="[833,978,1073,1101]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AFBF1FC1A9F02" box="[833,974,1073,1101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">A. chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In most extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960350F0FBF1FB279F02" box="[1163,1267,1073,1101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960350F0FBF1FB279F02" box="[1163,1267,1073,1101]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the vessels are more crowded than in this fossil, but in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603514FFB94FA499F3F" box="[1332,1437,1108,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603514FFB94FA499F3F" box="[1332,1437,1108,1136]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960351A1FB94FC179FDC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960351A1FB94FC179FDC" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples the vessels are as widely spaced as in this late Eocene wood. Available information on present-day
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603570CFB7EFC0B9F95" box="[887,991,1214,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603570CFB7EFC0B9F95" box="[887,991,1214,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wood anatomy suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035122FB7EFA269F95" box="[1369,1522,1214,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaassenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035122FB7EFA269F95" box="[1369,1522,1214,1242]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. klaassenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to Section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035051FB23FB6C9FB0" authorityName="Spach" authorityYear="1834" box="[1066,1208,1251,1279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Calothyrsus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035051FB23FB6C9FB0" box="[1066,1208,1251,1279]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Calothyrsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it has vessel-ray parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting and is closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960357C2FAE7FB819E0C" box="[953,1109,1319,1347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960357C2FAE7FB819E0C" box="[953,1109,1319,1347]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it lacks storied structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A31D9605571AFA8CFD5E9900" blockId="34.[833,1522,194,1947]" lastBlockId="36.[112,800,422,591]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603571AFA8CFAF49E29" bold="true" box="[865,1312,1356,1382]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Comparisons with fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
We only know of five reports of fossil woods suggested to be related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AFA51FB619EE2" authority="(Gregory et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Gregory" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[833,1205,1425,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603573AFA51FC7D9EE2" box="[833,937,1425,1453]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gregory et al. 2009)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are three Miocene woods that we consider reliably assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960351E4FA74FCB99EBC" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960351E4FA74FCB29EBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aesculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603570CFA17FA7E9EBC" authority="Prakash and Barghoorn (1961)" authorityName="Prakash and Barghoorn" authorityYear="1961" box="[887,1450,1495,1523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hankinsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603570CFA17FBDE9EBC" box="[887,1034,1495,1523]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. hankinsii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D9603506FFA19FA7E9EBC" author="Prakash, U. & E. S. Barghoorn" box="[1044,1450,1496,1523]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="347 - 363" refId="ref38485" refString="Prakash, U. and E. S. Barghoorn. 1961. Miocene fossil woods from the Columbia Basalts of Central Washington, II. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 42: 347 - 363." type="journal article" year="1961">Prakash and Barghoorn (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A31D9603573AFA3CFC0C9D59" box="[833,984,1532,1558]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31D9603579FFA3CFBCF9D59" box="[996,1051,1532,1558]" name="United States of America" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603505CFA3CFA259D59" authority="Suzuki and Terada (1996)" authorityName="Suzuki and Terada" authorityYear="1996" box="[1063,1521,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mioxyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603505CFA3CFB709D59" box="[1063,1188,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">A. mioxyla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D960350D7FA3CFA259D59" author="Suzuki, M. & K. Terada" box="[1196,1521,1532,1558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="365 - 392" refId="ref39837" refString="Suzuki, M. and K. Terada. 1996. Fossil wood from the lower Mio- cene Yanagida Formation, Noto Peninsula, central Japan. IAWA Journal 17 (4): 365 - 392. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000634]." type="journal article" year="1996">Suzuki and Terada (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31D960357FFF9E0FC199D75" box="[900,973,1568,1594]" name="Japan" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960357A2F9DEFBBF9D75" box="[985,1131,1566,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960357A2F9DEFB959D75" box="[985,1089,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A31D960350CEF9E0FB2B9D75" box="[1205,1279,1568,1594]" name="South Korea" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D9603516AF9E0FA349D76" author="Jeong, E. K. & K. Kim & J. H. Kim & M. Suzuki" box="[1297,1504,1567,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="183 - 189" refId="ref36164" refString="Jeong, E. K., K. Kim, J. H. Kim and M. Suzuki. 2004. Fossil woods from Janggi Group (Early Miocene) in Pohang Basin, Korea. Journal of Plant Research 117: 183 - 189. [https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10265 - 004 - 0144 - 8]." type="journal article" year="2004">Jeong et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All three are strictly diffuse-porous with vessels more crowded than this Eocene wood.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035178F9A4FA259DCF" authorityName="Prakash and Barghoorn" authorityYear="1961" box="[1283,1521,1636,1664]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hankinsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035178F9A4FA259DCF" box="[1283,1521,1636,1664]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus hankinsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs as its numerous vessels are evenly distributed throughout the growth ring and rays show a tendency to storied structure.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035035F90FFAF79DA6" authorityName="Suzuki and Terada" authorityYear="1996" box="[1102,1315,1743,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mioxyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D96035035F90FFAF79DA6" box="[1102,1315,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus mioxyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has evenly distributed vessels as well as weakly storied rays. Two reports are questionable as their descriptions lack the details (e.g., vessel-ray parenchyma pits) necessary to confirm relationships with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D960350EAF89AFB2D9C39" box="[1169,1273,1882,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D960350EAF89AFB2D9C39" box="[1169,1273,1882,1910]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D96035136F89CFA399C39" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[1357,1517,1884,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31D9603573AF8BFFA259CD5" authority="Trivedi and Srivastava (1982)" authorityName="Trivedi and Srivastava" authorityYear="1982" box="[833,1521,1918,1947]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deccanense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31D9603573AF8BFFBA59CD5" box="[833,1137,1918,1947]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Aesculoxylon deccanense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31D96035002F8BFFA259CD5" author="Trivedi, B. S. & R. Srivastava" box="[1145,1521,1919,1946]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="426 - 431" refId="ref40092" refString="Trivedi, B. S. and R. Srivastava. 1982. Aesculoxylon deccanensis gen. et sp. nov. from Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara District (M. P.). Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 61: 426 - 431." type="journal article" year="1982">Trivedi and Srivastava (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31B960556F1FE66FCF49A8D" box="[650,800,422,450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31B960556F1FE66FD279A8D" box="[650,755,422,450]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Eocene of Montana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A31B9605559FFE0BFF649947" author="Yamamoto, T. & A. Chadwick" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="49 - 66" refId="ref41659" refString="Yamamoto, T. and A. Chadwick. 1982. Identification of fossil wood from the Specimen Creek area of the Gallatin Petrified Forest, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, U. S. A. Part II. Angiosperms. Journal of San-iku Gakuin Junior College 11: 49 - 66." type="journal article" year="1982">Yamamoto and Chadwick 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since this Dietz Hill wood is assignable to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31B960556CFFE2DFCF49946" box="[692,800,493,521]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31B960556CFFE2DFCC89946" box="[692,796,493,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aesculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but does not match any extant or fossil species, we have assigned it to the new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A31B96055595FDF3FD519900" box="[494,645,563,591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaassenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A31B96055595FDF3FD519900" box="[494,645,563,591]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">A. klaassenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |