treatments-xml/data/B7/21/F7/B721F74AD7A75F8C8B9744BE49567287.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-219-11" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E36F4428961F5C5E9B66F5BB82C01CFD" ModsDocID="1314-2003-219-11" checkinTime="1674137019119" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Cai-Fei, Zhang, Dong-Juan, Liao, Miao &amp; Hu, Guang-Wan" docDate="2023" docId="B721F74AD7A75F8C8B9744BE49567287" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 219: 11-25" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 219" docPubDate="2023-01-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514" docTitle="Cynanchum thesioides K. Schum. in Engl. &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2): 252 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="E36F4428961F5C5E9B66F5BB82C01CFD" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="E36F4428961F5C5E9B66F5BB82C01CFD" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Cynanchum thesioides (Apocynaceae) with two new synonyms" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1674137019119" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Cynanchum thesioides (Apocynaceae) with two new synonyms</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Cai-Fei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5751</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Dong-Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-2755</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liao, Miao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-9419</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hu, Guang-Wan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-7976</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">guangwanhu@wbgcas.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-01-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>219</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
<mods:end>25</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-219-11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E36F4428961F5C5E9B66F5BB82C01CFD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B721F74AD7A75F8C8B9744BE49567287" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B721F74AD7A75F8C8B9744BE49567287" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3397M" ID-ENA="185080" LSID="B721F74A-D7A7-5F8C-8B97-44BE49567287" authority="(Freyn) K. Schum. in Engl. &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2): 252 (1895)." authorityName="K. Schum. in Engl. &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2): 252" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Freyn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">Cynanchum thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum. in Engl. &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2): 252 (1895).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">Vincetoxicum thesioides</taxonomicName>
≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">Vincetoxicum thesioides</taxonomicName>
Freyn, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 124 (1890) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. var. var. thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="thesioides">Cynanchum sibiricum var. thesioides</taxonomicName>
(Freyn) Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25(1): 282 (1905) - Holotype: Russia, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="wüste">wueste</normalizedToken>
Orte um Nerczynsk, July-Aug. 1888, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">K.F. Karo 127</emphasis>
(BRNM [15481/36], ex herb. J. Freyn) - Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2A</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Asclepias sibirica" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibirica">Asclepias sibirica</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Asclepias sibirica" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibirica">Asclepias sibirica</taxonomicName>
L., Sp. Pl.: 217 (1753) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricum">Cynanchum sibiricum</taxonomicName>
(L.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 48 (1811), nom. illeg., non Willd. (1799). ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricum">Vincetoxicum sibiricum</taxonomicName>
(L.) Decne. in DC, Prodr. 8: 525 (1844) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum subsp. var. var. boreale" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="boreale">Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. boreale</taxonomicName>
Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saint-Pétersbourg">Saint-Petersbourg</normalizedToken>
23: 355 (Mar 1877), nom. illeg., as ' 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">borealis</emphasis>
', ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. var. var. boreale" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="boreale">Cynanchum sibiricum var. boreale</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburg sk. Bot. Sada 25(1): 281 (1905), nom. illeg. ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Antitoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antitoxicum sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricum">Antitoxicum sibiricum</taxonomicName>
(L.) Pobed., Fl. USSR 18: 707-708, pl. 38: 1 (1952) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Alexitoxicon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alexitoxicon sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricum">Alexitoxicon sibiricum</taxonomicName>
(L.) Pobed., Taxon 11: 174 (1962) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rhodostegiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhodostegiella sibirica" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibirica">Rhodostegiella sibirica</taxonomicName>
(L.) C.Y. Wu &amp; D.Z. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 466 (1990) - Lectotype (designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Grubov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="129 - 135" refId="B7" refString="Grubov, VI, 2000. Conspectus generis Cynanchum L. specierum Asiae Centralis. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 32: 129 - 135" title="Conspectus generis Cynanchum L. specierum Asiae Centralis." volume="32" year="2000">Grubov [2000</bibRefCitation>
: 138]): Russia, Siberia, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Gmelin s.n.</emphasis>
, Herb. Linn. No. 310.35 (LINN; image available at https://linnean-online.org/2155/ and https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.linn-hl310-35).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" variety="australe">Vincetoxicum sibiricum australe</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum subsp. var. var. australe" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="australe">Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe</taxonomicName>
Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saint-Pétersbourg">Saint-Petersbourg</normalizedToken>
23: 355 (Mar. 1877), &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">australem</emphasis>
&quot; ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. var. var. australe" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="australe">Cynanchum sibiricum R. Br. var. australe</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25(1): 292 (1905). ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum thesioides subsp. var. var. australe" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="thesioides" subSpecies="var." variety="australe">Cynanchum thesioides var. australe</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) Y. Tsiang &amp; P.T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 101 (1974) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rhodostegiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhodostegiella sibirica subsp. var. var. australis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibirica" subSpecies="var." variety="australis">Rhodostegiella sibirica var. australis</taxonomicName>
(Maxim.) C.Y. Wu &amp; D.Z. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28: 466 (1990) - Lectotype (designated here): China. Nei Mongol, &quot;Mongolia occidentalis, Terra Ordos, valle fl. Hoang-ho&quot;, 24 Jul - 5 Aug 1871 (fl.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">N.M. Przewalsky 298</emphasis>
(LE [LE01036690]); isolectotypes: K [000872724], LE [LE01036688, LE01036689], P [P03872677] - Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2B</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" form="linearifolium" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum">Vincetoxicum sibiricum linearifolium</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" form="linearifolium" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum subsp. f." order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f.">Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium</taxonomicName>
Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31(4): 235 (1877), &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">linearifolia</emphasis>
&quot;, syn. nov. - Lectotype (designated here): China, Shandong Prov., Yantai City, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tchéfou">&quot;Tchefou</normalizedToken>
dunes&quot;, [1860], 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">O. Debeaux 79</emphasis>
(P [P03872669], ex herb. O. Debeaux) - Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2C</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum var. gracilentum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" variety="gracilentum">Cynanchum sibiricum gracilentum</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. var. var. gracilentum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="gracilentum">Cynanchum sibiricum var. gracilentum</taxonomicName>
Nakai &amp; Kitag., Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manch. sect. 4, 1: 43 (1934). ≡ 
<taxonomicName genus="Vincetoxicm" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicm sibiricum subsp. var. var. gracilentum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="gracilentum">Vincetoxicm sibiricum var. gracilentum</taxonomicName>
(Nakai &amp; Kitag.) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4(7): 85 (1940) - Holotype: China, Hebei Prov., Chengde, 19 Aug 1933 (fl.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">T. Nakai, M. Honda &amp; M. Kitagawa s.n.</emphasis>
(TI [TI00204077]) - Suppl. material 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" form="hypopsilum" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum var. gracilentum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum" variety="gracilentum">Cynanchum sibiricum gracilentum hypopsilum</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" form="hypopsilum" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. f. var. gracilentum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f." variety="gracilentum">Cynanchum sibiricum var. gracilentum Nakai &amp; Kitag. f. hypopsilum</taxonomicName>
Nakai &amp; Kitag., Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manch., sect. 4, 1: 43 (1934) ≡ 
<taxonomicName form="hypopsilum" genus="Vincetoxicm" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicm sibiricum subsp. f." pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f.">Vincetoxicm sibiricum f. hypopsilum</taxonomicName>
(Nakai &amp; Kitag.) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4(7): 85 (1940) - Holotype: China, Hebei Prov., Chengde, 19 Aug 1933 (fl. &amp; fr.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">T. Nakai, M. Honda &amp; M. Kitagawa s.n.</emphasis>
(TI [TI00204078]) - Suppl. material 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum var. latifolium" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" variety="latifolium">Cynanchum sibiricum latifolium</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. var. var. latifolium" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="latifolium">Cynanchum sibiricum var. latifolium</taxonomicName>
Kitag., Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manch. sect. 4, 4: 90, (1936) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" form="latifolium" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum sibiricum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Cynanchum sibiricum var. australe f. latifolium</taxonomicName>
(Kitag.) Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 363 (1939) ≡ 
<taxonomicName form="latifolium" genus="Vincetoxicm" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicm sibiricum subsp. f." pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f.">Vincetoxicm sibiricum f. latifolium</taxonomicName>
(Kitag.) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4(7): 85 (1940) - Holotype: China, Liaoning Prov., Dalian, Lingshui, Lingshui Temple, 15 Aug 1930 (fl.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">M. Kitagawa s.n.</emphasis>
(TI [TI00204080]) - Suppl. material 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum gobicum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gobicum">Cynanchum gobicum</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum gobicum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gobicum">Cynanchum gobicum</taxonomicName>
Grubov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 135 (2000), non 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">C. lanceolatum</taxonomicName>
Poir. (1811), syn. nov. ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Antitoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antitoxicum lanceolatum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">Antitoxicum lanceolatum</taxonomicName>
Grubov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. (Leningrad) 17: 21 (1955) ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum lanceolatum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">Vincetoxicum lanceolatum</taxonomicName>
(Grubov) Grubov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 208 (1984) - Holotype: Mongolia, Dzun-Saikhan mountains, commencement of northern trail along the road from Dalan-Dzadagad to pass through Gurban-Saikhan, 22 Jul 1943 (fl.), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A. Yunatov 12902</emphasis>
(LE [LE01036905]) - Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2D</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
Perennial suffrutescent sometimes lianescent herbs, usually densely shortly pubescent throughout, with white latex, arising from monopodial slightly woody creeping slender brown rhizome up to 3 m 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm, with wiry horizontal offshoots. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Stem and branches</emphasis>
straight or twining above, green to dark purple; when straight 10-40 cm long, erect or ascending, simple or much divaricately branched from base, with internodes 2-30 mm long; when twining up to 2 m long, little branched, with internodes 4-8 cm long. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite or sometimes subopposite, rarely 3- or 4-whorled, with petioles 0.5-10 (-12) mm long or subsessile; blade green, thin, linear, narrowly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or occasionally broadly lanceolate, 2-10.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.1-2 (-2.3) cm, apex shortly acute, obtuse or acuminate, rarely rounded, base slightly oblique, attenuate, cuneate, truncate or rounded, with colleters at middle of leaf base, margins entire, ciliolate, often revolute; mid-vein elevated abaxially, lateral veins obscure; both surfaces densely pubescent, sometimes glabrate, except the mid-veins on lower surface. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Inflorescences</emphasis>
alongside the leaf axils to terminal, with 1-10 fragrant flowers, shortly umbel- to raceme-like; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">peduncles</emphasis>
1-10 (-50) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 mm, puberulent; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">pedicels</emphasis>
1.2-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.6 mm, puberulent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Sepals</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
half length of corolla, oblong, triangular or lanceolate, 1-2.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.8 mm, puberulent, ciliate, apex obtuse, acute or acuminate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Corolla</emphasis>
white or greenish-white to yellow, 3-5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-8 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent on dorsal surface and inside tube, rarely densely puberulent on both surfaces; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">tube</emphasis>
0.5-1.5 mm long; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">lobes</emphasis>
4.3-5.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.5 mm, narrowly triangular, lanceolate, oblong or oblong-ovate, apically twisted clockwise, apex 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
acute or obtuse, sometimes retuse. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Corona</emphasis>
of 5 slightly fleshy lobes partly fused at bases, cupular, 0.8-1.8 mm long, shorter or longer than gynostegium; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">tube</emphasis>
shorter than anthers, 0.3-0.7 mm long; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">lobes</emphasis>
oval, triangular-lanceolate to linear, apices erect or incurved, acute, acuminate, obtuse or rounded, 0.5-1.4 mm long, sinuses between theses each with or without a minute triangular tooth. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Follicles</emphasis>
paired or single, ovoid-fusiform, ventricose, 4-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-2.5 cm, apex obtuse or attenuated, smooth or colliculate, puberulent; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">seeds</emphasis>
reddish-brown, 5-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5 mm, with white coma 1-2.4 cm long attached to micropylar end - Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cynanchum thesioides A erect plant growing in desert B scandent plant climbing a stony wall C erect plant growing on mountain slope D prostrate plant on roadside wasteland A by Xin-Xin Zhu in Xilinhot, Nei Mongol B, D by Lei Xie in Beijing C from C. F. Zhang 5588 (HIB) and photographed by Cai-Fei Zhang in Beijing." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796990" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Cynanchum thesioides A corona and gynostegium with long style-head (front view) B corona and gynostegium with short style-head (front view) C corona and gynostegium with short style-head (vertical view) D corona and gynostegium with long style-head (vertical view) E pair of fruits F stamen (front view) G stamen (back view) H stamen (front view) I stamen (back view) J pollinarium K seeds the concave surface (left) and convex surface (right) A, D, F, G and J from Meng Wei in C. F. Zhang 6791 (HIB); B, C, H, I from Zhongxiang Pubic Health Bureau s. n. (HIB [0101695]). All photos by Cai-Fei Zhang, except J by Miao Liao, E by Bing Liu in Beijing and K by Qin-Wen Lin in Beijing." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796992" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Type specimens 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Schum. in Engl. &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2): 252" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Freyn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Cynanchum thesioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BRNM [15481/36]]) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
lectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum subsp. var. var. australe" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="australe">Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe</taxonomicName>
(LE [LE01036690]) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
lectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vincetoxicum sibiricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" form="linearifolium" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum subsp. f." order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f.">Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium</taxonomicName>
(flowering plants, P [P03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Antitoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antitoxicum lanceolatum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Antitoxicum lanceolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LE [LE01036905]).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
Chinese: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="地梢瓜">地梢瓜</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="dì">di</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="shāo">shao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="guā">gua</normalizedToken>
); Mongolian: Sibir temeen khukh; Korean: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="양반풀">양반풀</normalizedToken>
(Yang-ban-pul); Russian: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ластовень">Lastoven</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="сибирский">sibirskii</normalizedToken>
(Siberian Lastoven).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
China, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Russia - Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Cynanchum thesioides in north-eastern Asia. The base map was downloaded from the Microsoft Bing Satellite Map via QGIS 3.26 (https: // qgis. org /). Map data 2022 (C) Microsoft." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796988" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
Thickets and/or grasses on mountain-slopes, dry valleys, sand-dunes, grasslands, roadsides, flood plains, river banks, farm land; 0-3200 m alt. - Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cynanchum thesioides A erect plant growing in desert B scandent plant climbing a stony wall C erect plant growing on mountain slope D prostrate plant on roadside wasteland A by Xin-Xin Zhu in Xilinhot, Nei Mongol B, D by Lei Xie in Beijing C from C. F. Zhang 5588 (HIB) and photographed by Cai-Fei Zhang in Beijing." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796990" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796990" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Schum. in Engl. &amp; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2): 252" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Freyn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Cynanchum thesioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
erect plant growing in desert 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
scandent plant climbing a stony wall 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
erect plant growing on mountain slope 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
prostrate plant on roadside wasteland 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
by Xin-Xin Zhu in Xilinhot, Nei Mongol 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">B, D</emphasis>
by Lei Xie in Beijing 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C.F. Zhang 5588</emphasis>
(HIB) and photographed by Cai-Fei Zhang in Beijing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Flowering March-September; fruiting June-October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
In some online databases, such as World Flora Online (WFO 2022), Plants of the World Online (POWO 2022), the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘accepted’">'accepted'</normalizedToken>
name is 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vincetoxicum sibiricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Decne. This is incorrect because phylogenetic studies confirmed this species is a member of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Cynanchum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and far from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vincetoxicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/653.3" author="Khanum, R" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="467 - 486" refId="B13" refString="Khanum, R, Surveswaran, S, Meve, U, Liede-Schumann, S, 2016. Cynanchum (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae): a pantropical Asclepiadoid genus revisited. Taxon 65 (3): 467 - 486, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/653.3" title="Cynanchum (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae): a pantropical Asclepiadoid genus revisited." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/653.3" volume="65" year="2016">Khanum et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12642" author="Hu, HH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="663 - 672" refId="B10" refString="Hu, HH, Liu, B, Liang, YS, Ye, JF, Saqib, S, Meng, Z, Lu, LM, Chen, ZD, 2020. An updated Chinese vascular plant tree of life: Phylogenetic diversity hotspots revisited. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58 (5): 663 - 672, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12642" title="An updated Chinese vascular plant tree of life: Phylogenetic diversity hotspots revisited." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12642" volume="58" year="2020">Hu et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1961622" author="Kang, P" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA, Part B, Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="2592 - 2593" refId="B12" refString="Kang, P, Guo, Y, Zhang, Y, Wei, Y, 2021. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of medicinal plant: Cynanchum thesioides (Asclepiadaceae). Mitochondrial DNA, Part B, Resources 6 (9): 2592 - 2593, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1961622" title="The complete chloroplast genome sequence of medicinal plant: Cynanchum thesioides (Asclepiadaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1961622" volume="6" year="2021">Kang et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, many online databases (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00702-z" author="Freiberg, M" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Data" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination=": 416" refId="B3" refString="Freiberg, M, Winter, M, Gentile, A, Zizka, A, Muellner-Riehl, AN, Weigelt, A, Wirth, C, 2020. LCVP, The Leipzig catalogue of vascular plants, a new taxonomic reference list for all known vascular plants. Scientific Data 7 (1): 416, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00702-z" title="LCVP, The Leipzig catalogue of vascular plants, a new taxonomic reference list for all known vascular plants." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00702-z" volume="7" year="2020">Freiberg et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hassler, M" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy Press, St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="www.worldplants.de" refId="B9" refString="Hassler, M, 2022. World Plants: Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 14.0; last update July 29, 2022. www.worldplants.de" title="World Plants: Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 14.0; last update July 29, 2022." url="www.worldplants.de" year="2022">Hassler 2022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Pobedimova, EG" journalOrPublisher="18. Academy of Science of the USSR Press, Leningrad &amp; Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/" refId="B24" refString="2022. . http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/" url="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/" year="2022">POWO 2022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Urgamal, M" journalOrPublisher="Admon Printing Press, Ulaanbaatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000421026" refId="B35" refString="2022. . http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000421026" url="http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000421026" year="2022">WFO 2022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Urgamal, M" journalOrPublisher="Admon Printing Press, Ulaanbaatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://wcvp.science.kew.org/" refId="B34" refString="2022. . http://wcvp.science.kew.org/" url="http://wcvp.science.kew.org/" year="2022">WCVP 2022</bibRefCitation>
) give 
<taxonomicName kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C. longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Decne. and/or 
<taxonomicName kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. sibiricum subsp. var. var. triangularilobatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="triangularilobatum">C. sibiricum Willd. var. triangularilobatum</taxonomicName>
Rassulova &amp; B.A. Sharipova as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. thesioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="thesioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">C. thesioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They should be excluded because their types have cordate leaves and they, therefore, belong to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="acutum" subSpecies="sibiricum">Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum</taxonomicName>
(Willd.) K.H. Rech. (
<bibRefCitation author="Tsiang, Y" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://www.iplant.cn/frps/vol/63" refId="B31" refString="Tsiang, Y, Li, PT, 1977. Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Tomus 63. Science Press, Beijing, http://www.iplant.cn/frps/vol/63" title="Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Tomus 63." url="http://www.iplant.cn/frps/vol/63" year="1977">Tsiang and Li 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Rasulova, MR" editor="Nikiforova, GT" journalOrPublisher="7. Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="319 - 324" refId="B26" refString="Rasulova, MR, Sharipova, BG, 1984. Asclepiadaceae. In: Nikiforova, GT, Ed., Flora Tadzhikskoĭ SSR, vol. 7. Nauka, Leningrad: 319 - 324" title="Asclepiadaceae." volumeTitle="Flora Tadzhikskoĭ SSR, vol." year="1984">Rasulova and Sharipova 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01790387" author="Freyn, J" journalOrPublisher="Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="124 - 126" refId="B5" refString="Freyn, J, 1890. Plantae Karoanae: Aufzaehlung der von Ferdinand Karo im Jahre 1888 im Baikalischen Sibirien, sowie in Dahurien gesammelten Pflanzen (Fortsetzung). Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 40: 124 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01790387" title="Plantae Karoanae: Aufzaehlung der von Ferdinand Karo im Jahre 1888 im Baikalischen Sibirien, sowie in Dahurien gesammelten Pflanzen (Fortsetzung)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01790387" volume="40" year="1890">Freyn (1890)</bibRefCitation>
based 
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. thesioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="thesioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">V. thesioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Ferdinand K. Karo 127</emphasis>
with flowers and young fruits collected during July and August 1888 from desert places around Nerczynsk. Although Freyn did not give a direct indication of the herbarium, he had seen three sets of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karo’s">Karo's</normalizedToken>
specimens (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01791577" author="Freyn, J" journalOrPublisher="Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="354 - 361" refId="B4" refString="Freyn, J, 1889. Plantae Karoanae: Aufzaehlung der von Ferdinand Karo im Jahre 1888 im Baikalischen Sibirien, sowie in Dahurien gesammelten Pflanzen. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 39: 354 - 361, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01791577" title="Plantae Karoanae: Aufzaehlung der von Ferdinand Karo im Jahre 1888 im Baikalischen Sibirien, sowie in Dahurien gesammelten Pflanzen." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01791577" volume="39" year="1889">Freyn 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 356): the first set kept in his private herbarium which was purchased in 1905 by the Moravian Museum in Brno (BRNM, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42103" author="Sutory, K" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="29 - 35" refId="B28" refString="Sutory, K, 2012. Typification of Joseph Freyn's names in the genera Celsia and Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Willdenowia 42 (1): 29 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42103" title="Typification of Joseph Freyn's names in the genera Celsia and Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42103" volume="42" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sutorý">Sutory</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
); the second set kept by Ladislav Josef 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čelakovský">Celakovsky</normalizedToken>
in the National Museum in Prague (PR); the last set kept by Josef Emmanuel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kabát">Kabat</normalizedToken>
which is now also kept at PR (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631" author="Stafleu, FA" journalOrPublisher="7. Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" refId="B27" refString="Stafleu, FA, Cowan, RS, 1979. Taxonomic Literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 2. Bohn, Scheltema &amp; Holkema, Utrecht. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631" title="Taxonomic Literature, 2 nd ed., Vol. 2. Bohn, Scheltema &amp; Holkema, Utrecht." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631" year="1979">Stafleu and Cowan 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 482). The only specimen bearing the number 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">127</emphasis>
is that in BRNM (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2A</figureCitation>
) and is, thus, the holotype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. thesioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="thesioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">V. thesioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another two specimens in PR (PR793598, PR793599) collected by Karo do not have the number 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">127</emphasis>
on them, but were also annotated by Freyn as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum thesioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vincetoxicum thesioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They may be isotypes, but equally, they may have been other gatherings made by Karo on different dates or in another place near Nerczynsk. Consequently, they are not considered here to be isotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46308" author="Maximowicz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Typis Intramonolicae Popularis, Huhhot" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" refId="B22" refString="Maximowicz, CJ, 1877. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46308" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46308" year="1877">Maximowicz (1877)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. sibiricum subsp. var. var. australe" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="variety" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="var." variety="australe">V. sibiricum var. australe</taxonomicName>
a collection by 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">N.M. Przewalsky</emphasis>
from the Ordos land towards the Yellow River (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Hoang-ho”">&quot;Hoang-ho&quot;</normalizedToken>
) in Nei Mongol, China and a collection(s) from Beijing without any further information. We have selected 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Przewalsky’s">Przewalsky's</normalizedToken>
specimen at LE as the lectotype following unpublished annotations by N. Imkhanitzkaya (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
In the protologue of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" form="linearifolium" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum sibiricum subsp. f." order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="sibiricum" subSpecies="f.">Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium</taxonomicName>
Debeaux, specimens collected by Debeaux from &quot;sables maritimes de la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="presqu’ile">presqu'ile</normalizedToken>
de Yan-tai&quot; and &quot;dunes de Fou-chan-yen&quot; with flowers on 14 July and fruits on 23 August [1860] were cited. We have found five sheets of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Debeaux’s">Debeaux's</normalizedToken>
specimens at P. Of these, one sheet with flowering plants (barcode P03872669) and fruiting plants (barcode P00877371) was annotated by Debeaux as &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Vincetoxicum sibiribicum</emphasis>
Dec. forma 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">foliis augustioribus</emphasis>
&quot;. We designate the flowering plants from this sheet as the lectotype (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Type specimens A holotype of Cynanchum thesioides (BRNM [15481 / 36 ]]) B lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum var. australe (LE [LE 01036690]) C lectotype of Vincetoxicum sibiricum. Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium (flowering plants, P [P 03872669]), with fruiting plants (syntype, P [P 00877371]) mounted on the same sheet: D holotype of Antitoxicum lanceolatum (LE [LE 01036905])." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796989" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="C. F. Zhang" country="China" location="Beijing" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beijing">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Beijing">Beijing</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>C.F. Zhang</collectorName>
5588
</emphasis>
(HIB)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="C. Y. Chiao" country="China" location="Shandong" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shandong">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Shandong">Shandong</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>C.Y. Chiao</collectorName>
2878
</emphasis>
(E, IBK, IBSC, NAS, PE)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Y. W. Tsui" country="China" location="Shaanxi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>Y.W. Tsui</collectorName>
10389
</emphasis>
(CDBI, KUN, PE)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Guangyuan Exped." country="China" location="Sichuan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>Guangyuan Exped.</collectorName>
6001
</emphasis>
(SM)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="G. L. Zhu, Anonymous" country="Kazakhstan" location="Lake Zaysan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>G.L. Zhu</collectorName>
et al. 6689
</emphasis>
(NAS, PE, WUK). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B721F74AD7A75F8C8B9744BE49567287:1D4D2D255EFC606F8425CD7A11ADB1D7" country="Kazakhstan" name="Lake Zaysan" stateProvince="Xinjiang">Lake Zaysan</location>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>Anonymous</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(E, P)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Nampo, U, Faurie" country="North Korea" location="Pyongyang, Pyongyang" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pyongyang, Pyongyang">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry name="North Korea">North Korea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion isEnumeration="true">
Pyongyang, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Pyongyang Bot. Garden s.n.</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
(PE [01572927]); 
<collectorName>
Nampo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
U. 
<collectorName>Faurie</collectorName>
736
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(P). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
: 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="I. A. Gubanov" country="Mongolia" location="Arkhangai" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arkhangai">
<collectingRegion country="Mongolia" name="Arhangay">Arkhangai</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>I.A.Gubanov</collectorName>
341
</emphasis>
(MW)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="I. A. Gubanov" country="Mongolia" location="Dornod" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dornod">
<collectingRegion country="Mongolia" name="Dornod">Dornod</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>I.A. Gubanov</collectorName>
5729
</emphasis>
(MW)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="I. A. Gubanov, Govisuember, G. N, Ogureeva" country="Mongolia" location="Dornogovi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dornogovi">
<collectingRegion country="Mongolia" name="Dornogovi">Dornogovi</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>I.A. Gubanov</collectorName>
5196
</emphasis>
(MW); 
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Govisümber">Govisuember</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
G.N. 
<collectorName>Ogureeva</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(MW)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="I. A. Gubanov, Far East" country="Russia" location="Khentii" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khentii">
<collectingRegion country="Mongolia" name="Hentiy">Khentii</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>I.A. Gubanov</collectorName>
10122
</emphasis>
(MW). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectorName>Far East</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="E. Boyko, V. Starchenko, Zabaykalsky, F. K, Karo, Siberia" country="Russia" location="Amur" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amur">
<collectingRegion country="Russia" name="Amur">Amur</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>E. Boyko</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>V. Starchenko</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(RSA [RSA0286750]); 
<collectorName>
Zabaykalsky, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
F.K. 
<collectorName>Karo</collectorName>
359
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(E, P, WIS). 
<collectorName>Siberia</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="T. S. Elias" country="Russia" location="Altai Republic" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Altai Republic">
<collectingRegion country="Russia" name="Altay">Altai Republic</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>T.S. Elias</collectorName>
et al. 4394
</emphasis>
(NY, PE, RSA)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="H. H. Iltis" country="Russia" location="Irkutsk" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Irkutsk">
<collectingRegion country="Russia" name="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>H.H. Iltis</collectorName>
et al. 252
</emphasis>
(NY, WIS)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="V. V. Nikitin, For, Suppl." country="Russia" location="Tuva" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tuva">
<collectingRegion country="Russia" name="Tyva">Tuva</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
<collectorName>V.V. Nikitin</collectorName>
et al. 1268(2)
</emphasis>
(PE) [
<collectorName>For</collectorName>
a full specimens examined see 
<collectorName>Suppl.</collectorName>
material 1]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>