280 lines
32 KiB
XML
280 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="19AA5CE70E40C573ADCFF33FEE89ECAD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFFC392E92DA97C33157D8BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Saissetia oleae Coccoidea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="44352BA12507F9A13EB68309D7E80E6C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="68BA800D83DB0AA90690A07CA99DE5EC">
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<mods:title id="2C0CF97D7C91B9F58D1E33820F1A3709">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3957C4C713A6D6FA65188410A12ED42A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="33C42A657C34AE194786CCEE3E79CDE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FD470CBD9E97B2DD52E5FC57ACBDABA5">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD806DA43F06BC78BEA2D541D4551529">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="52AFE2ABD32EF9F29FA2D5BBFB671350" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B4332DCC431B65EFAD58E98B28BE14A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58C4846A245A86C5B23B2274706CAF85">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3770DCEFE8EC72E8FE03D4270D18A7C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="440D628CE696129D6CDC7D27FEF676C9">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DFD6F951CC6D12E1189E0298597B883" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E9F459DBE025AF7D21EA7DECA7820001">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A249F34199B5B4422CB4F4BFC5F66D84">
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<mods:date id="D3B43928E4A6293AB1FEF937A3406862">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F2FADABE176AEE3A1CE1596762566B6C">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A80F195E8A9E62CDB3815EBB977D6C13" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="01878B42C8F43169F68C981A6FB0BC44">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="353F5C431A9FDD2CAED464416D10AD99">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFFC392E92DA97C33157D8BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14445176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14445176" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFFC392E92DA97C33157D8BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFFC392E92DA97C33157D8BC" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E92DA97C3348ADDF2" box="[151,443,151,178]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E92DA97C3348ADDF2" blockId="97.[151,559,151,214]" box="[151,443,151,178]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFFC392E92DA97C3348ADDF2" bold="true" box="[151,443,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E92DA97C3348ADDF2" ID-CoL="5KYZX" authority="(Olivier)" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,443,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92DA97C3348ADDF2" bold="true" box="[151,443,151,178]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92DA97C33479DDF1" bold="true" box="[151,328,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
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(Olivier)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E92DA97EF371EDD96" box="[151,559,187,214]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E92DA97EF371EDD96" blockId="97.[151,559,151,214]" box="[151,559,187,214]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFC392E92D297EF35C2DD96" box="[159,243,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="98.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[199,1391,191,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-22@98.[191,1397,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 42. Adult female of Saissetia oleae (Olivier), reproduced from Hamon & Williams (1984) page 116, fig. 90, with permission from Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Florida, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385538/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFC392E93F097EF3716DD96" box="[445,551,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385725/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 93M</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E92DA9654363DDC75" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E92DA9654363DDC75" blockId="97.[151,1437,255,310]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFFC392E92DA9654363DDC75" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFC392E92DA965434E9DC54" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[151,472,255,280]" page="95" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1791">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E92DA965434E9DC54" ID-CoL="5ZHMP" authority="Olivier, 1791: 95" authorityName="Olivier" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1791" box="[151,472,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92DA96543411DC5B" box="[151,288,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Coccus oleae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E936A965434E9DC54" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[295,472,255,280]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref107450" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1791) Cochenille. Coccus. Genre d'insectes de la premiere section de l'ordre des Hemipteres. In: Olivier, G. A. (Ed.), Encylopedie Methodique, Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Tome 6. Pauckoucke, Paris, pp. 85 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1791">Olivier, 1791: 95</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E93AE965437EFDC5B" ID-CoL="5KYZX" authority="(Olivier)" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[483,734,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E93AE9654374ADC5B" box="[483,635,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
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(Olivier)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFC392E90A49654369CDC5B" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[745,941,256,280]" page="31" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E90A49654369CDC5B" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[745,941,256,280]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref99707" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1901) The coccid genus Saissetia. The Entomological Student, 2, 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1901">Cockerell 1901: 31</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E91F7965431D4DC5B" authority="(Olivier)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" box="[954,1253,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E91F7965431B3DC5B" box="[954,1154,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Parasaissetia oleae</emphasis>
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(Olivier)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFC392E96BD96543401DC75" author="Ezzat, Y. M. & Hussein, N. A." page="413" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E96BD96543401DC75" author="Ezzat, Y. M. & Hussein, N. A." pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="359 - 426" refId="ref100986" refString="Ezzat, Y. M. & Hussein, N. A. (1969) Redescription and classification of the family Coccidae in U. A. R. (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 51, 359 - 426. [1967]" type="journal article" year="1969">Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 413</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E9377964B3702DC75" ID-CoL="5KYZX" authority="(Olivier)" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[314,563,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E9377964B34E0DC75" box="[314,465,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
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(Olivier)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFFC392E9073964B3639DC75" author="De Lotto, G." box="[574,776,286,310]" page="149" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E9073964B3639DC75" author="De Lotto, G." box="[574,776,286,310]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="149 - 150" refId="ref100654" refString="De Lotto, G. (1971) The authorship of the Mediterranean black scale (Homoptera: Coccidae). Journal of Entomology (B), 40, 149 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1971. tb 00117. x" type="journal article" year="1971">De Lotto 1971: 149</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E92DA9630367CDC85" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E92DA9630367CDC85" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92DA963034A7DC3D" bold="true" box="[151,406,356,382]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Live mature adult females nearly circular, becoming very convex dorsally and flattened ventrally, dark brown to blackish brown with rough surface. Nymphs and young adult females with raised “H” pattern on dorsum, but this disappears in mature adult female.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E928A968434FED90D" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A968437B7DF4D" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A968434EDDCA9" bold="true" box="[199,476,464,490]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval; widest at abdomen, with shallow stigmatic clefts. Anal cleft moderately deep.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A954D3680DF80" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A954D3410DF71" box="[199,289,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Mature adult female with derm relatively thick, and with numerous small oval areolations, each containing a minute pore and filament. Setae robust, spiniform, slightly blunt at apex, scattered. Preopercular pores variable in number, present anterior to anal plates. Small discoidal pores sparsely scattered over dorsum. Tubular ducts absent. Submarginal duct tubercles present, few. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate triangular, with a large discal seta in addition to 2 apical setae. Anal ring bearing 8 setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A95993693DE6C" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A9599342BDFA5" box="[199,282,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Margin</emphasis>
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. Marginal setae of 2 sizes present; numbering fewer than 12 blunt or only slightly frayed setae on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Each stigmatic cleft with 3 unequal setae; median seta about 4 times longer than lateral setae, slightly curved and with blunt at apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A946D34FED90D" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A946D343EDE11" box="[199,271,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Venter</emphasis>
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. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, concentrated around anogenital fold, and present across all preceding abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a row 1 or 2 pores wide between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present throughout. Tubular ducts of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFFC392E92FA94F13430DEFC" box="[183,257,933,959]" count="1" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
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, with slender inner ductule and terminal gland, present in submarginal band. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also 2 pairs of long and 2−4 pairs of short setae between antennal bases; other setae small and scattered. Antennae each with 8 segments. Legs well developed, with tibio-tarsal articulation, and articulatory sclerosis sometimes weakly developed; claw without denticle; claw digitules both broad and slightly shorter than tarsal digitules.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E928A930C36D4D9D4" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A930C36D4D9D4" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A930C3452D931" bold="true" box="[199,355,1112,1138]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E9326930D3725D931" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[363,532,1112,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E9326930D3725D931" box="[363,532,1112,1139]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be of Mediterranean origin; it is now cosmopolitan (
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E96E7930D35E5D9D5" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E972E930D30A4D931" box="[1379,1429,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFC392E934893293404D9D4" box="[261,309,1149,1175]" name="Iran" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it was found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFFC392E93A39328371DD9D5" box="[494,556,1148,1174]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Gilan</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFFC392E902F9328379ED9D5" box="[610,687,1148,1174]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Tehran</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E917F932836E8D9D4" author="Kaussari, M." box="[818,985,1148,1175]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref103611" refString="Kaussari, M. (1957) La deuxieme liste des cochenilles de l'Iran. Ministere de l'Agriculture, Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, Publication du Departement General de la Protection Plantes. Tehran, 16 - 17, 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1957">Kaussari 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E928A93F534CFD840" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A93F534CFD840" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A93F5346AD9F8" bold="true" box="[199,347,1185,1211]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is highly polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 81 families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E92D2939134EAD99D" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[159,475,1220,1247]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E9317939134BCD99D" box="[346,397,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFC392E905D93913771D99C" box="[528,576,1221,1247]" name="Iran" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E910993913137D99D" box="[836,1030,1220,1246]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E910993913137D99D" box="[836,1030,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Nerium oleander</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E965B93913181D99C" box="[1046,1200,1221,1247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E96B9939030ACD99D" box="[1268,1437,1220,1246]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E96B9939030ACD99D" box="[1268,1437,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Olea europaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E92D293BC3438D841" authorityName="von Hoffmannsegg & Link" authorityYear="1809" box="[159,265,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E935293BC34C3D840" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[287,498,1256,1283]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFC392E928A92583157D8BC" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A9258344DD809" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A925834E6D865" bold="true" box="[199,471,1292,1318]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
||
There have been some records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E911792593682D865" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[858,947,1292,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E911792593682D865" box="[858,947,1292,1319]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
causing damage to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E96DE9258300BD865" box="[1171,1338,1292,1318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E96DE9258300BD865" box="[1171,1338,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Olea europaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFFC392E9713925835CDD809" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Gilan province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Rooddbar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFC392E928A92013157D8BC" blockId="97.[151,1437,356,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E928A920134A3D82D" bold="true" box="[199,402,1364,1391]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFC392E93F9920134D5D82C" box="[436,484,1365,1391]" name="Iran" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on olive trees in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFFC392E90EF9200367BD82D" box="[674,842,1364,1390]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Gilan province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Roodbar,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E91F292013154D82D" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[959,1125,1364,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E91F292013154D82D" box="[959,1125,1364,1391]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is attacked by the parasitoid wasps
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E92A4922C3481D8D0" box="[233,432,1400,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92A4922C34B0D8D1" box="[233,385,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Coccophagus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E9388922D3755D8D0" box="[453,612,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E903E922C37CFD8D1" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[627,766,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E9104922D36C0D8D0" box="[841,1009,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E9104922D36F2D8D1" box="[841,963,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Microterys</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E964B922C31B7D8D1" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1030,1158,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); also by the predators
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E92DA92C83499D8F5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,424,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipustulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92DA92C83499D8F5" box="[151,424,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Chilocorus bipustulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E93A292C836A0D8F4" authority="(Goeze)" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[495,913,1436,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Exochomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E93A292C8361BD8F5" box="[495,810,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Exochomus nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Goeze)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E91ED92C83019D8F5" authority="Marseul" authorityName="Marseul" box="[928,1320,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E91ED92C8318FD8F5" box="[928,1214,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pharoscymnus pharoides</emphasis>
|
||
Marseul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E977A92C834A5D899" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimpunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E977A92C834A5D899" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Propylea quatuordecimpunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E939392943762D898" box="[478,595,1472,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pullus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E939392943717D899" box="[478,550,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pullus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E90D992953613D898" box="[660,802,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Scymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E90D9929537C7D898" box="[660,758,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Scymnus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E917B92943686D899" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[822,951,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E918A92943157D899" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[967,1126,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the fungal pathogen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E92DA92B03778D8BD" authority="(Zimmerman)" baseAuthorityName="Zimmerman" box="[151,585,1508,1534]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Plectosphaerellaceae" genus="Cephalosporium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lecanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFC392E92DA92B03494D8BD" box="[151,421,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Cephalosporium lecanii</emphasis>
|
||
(Zimmerman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E901592B037DBD8BD" authorityName="Lindau" authorityYear="1897" box="[600,746,1508,1534]" class="Sordariomycetes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="order">Hypocreales</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFC392E90B992B0369DD8BD" box="[756,940,1508,1534]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Cordycipitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFC392E918F92B03168D8BC" author="Ahmad, R." box="[962,1113,1508,1535]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="221 - 223" refId="ref97381" refString="Ahmad, R. (1975) A note on Saissetia oleae and its natural enemies in Iran. Entomophaga, 20, 221 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02371663" type="journal article" year="1975">Ahmad 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |