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<document id="7463B9D38CD191DE6920633513DA8DEC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFBB396892DA97C337A8DEC2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Acanthopulvinaria orientalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BD8A79D6C35124E4A8E75DC393685CA2">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="342C70691930D865B4CE2F6FF2AF2198">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A97416919CFB7B822210B9C4DAD153D5">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="39DAD2ECABD882C930F4AEF71C63B9A9">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1222E63A6FADE09CFF2995E2CBB320AA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FC8F403BEE3F9CABB12B526379342ECB">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="636062F3A68A06F1840286E8DDBEF7E1" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4D9CF5F6D83BA0E6EFEDCDBD12ED1613">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DFC002B67A5CFD0DD2D09DEFD01D575C">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="56C5A5884F203A011B25C85A640FCAD6">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBB396992DA97C3374ADDF2" box="[151,635,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB396992DA97C3374ADDF2" blockId="38.[151,658,151,214]" box="[151,635,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFBB396992DA97C3374ADDF2" bold="true" box="[151,635,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBB396992DA97C3374ADDF2" ID-CoL="64FYN" authority="(Nasonov)" baseAuthorityName="Nasonov" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,635,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acanthopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB396992DA97C3374ADDF2" bold="true" box="[151,635,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB396992DA97C334C4DDF1" bold="true" box="[151,501,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acanthopulvinaria orientalis</emphasis>
(Nasonov)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBB396992DA97EF37A3DD96" box="[151,658,187,214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB396992DA97EF37A3DD96" blockId="38.[151,658,151,214]" box="[151,658,187,214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBB396992D297EF35C0DD96" box="[159,241,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="38.[151,250,2018,2042]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,745,1987]" captionTargetId="figure-226@38.[177,1411,736,1995]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 11. Adult female of Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385434/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBB396992B097EF346CDD96" box="[253,349,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,242,1630,1656]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,196,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[189,1398,196,1604]" captionText="PLATE 1. Asterolecaniidae: A, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); B, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); Cerococcidae: C, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya); Coccidae: D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); H, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14444715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14444715/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Plate 1E</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBB3969906597EF37BBDD96" box="[552,650,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="178.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-24@178.[197,1391,234,1538]" captionTargetPageId="178" captionText="FIGURE 88. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Acanthococcus aceris Signoret; B, Acanthococus costatus Danzig; C, Acanthococcus isacanthus Danzig; D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); H, Anophococcus cingulatus (Kiritchenko); I, Anophococcus insignis (Newstead); J, Anophococcus kondarensis (Borchsenius); K, Anophococcus sanguinairensis (Goux); L, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385707/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 88E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBB396992DA965430B7DCC6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB396992DA965430B8DC5B" blockId="38.[151,1417,255,280]" box="[151,1417,255,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFBB396992DA965430B8DC5B" box="[151,1417,255,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFBB396992DA9654370EDC5B" author="Nasonov, N. V." box="[151,575,256,280]" page="493" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBB396992DA9654370EDC5B" ID-CoL="6WPF3" authority="Nasonov, 1908: 493" authorityName="Nasonov" authorityPageNumber="493" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,575,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB396992DA9654345ADC5B" box="[151,363,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pulvinaria orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBB3969933C9654370EDC5B" author="Nasonov, N. V." box="[369,575,256,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="345 - 352" refId="ref107035" refString="Nasonov, N. V. (1908) Steingelia gorodetskia, nov. gen. et nov. sp. nouveau genre et espece des coccides du groupe Xylococcini. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 13, 345 - 352." type="journal article" year="1908">Nasonov, 1908: 493</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFBB39699004965436F5DC54" author="Hall, W. J." box="[585,964,255,280]" page="16" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1923">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBB39699004965436F5DC54" ID-CoL="4QH98" authority="Hall, 1923: 16" authorityName="Hall" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1923" box="[585,964,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discoidalis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB396990049654361BDC5B" box="[585,810,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pulvinaria discoidalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBB3969917D965436F5DC54" author="Hall, W. J." box="[816,964,255,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref102348" refString="Hall, W. J. (1923) Further observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service, 36, 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19393" type="journal article" year="1923">Hall, 1923: 16</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFBB39699183965430B4DC5B" author="Danzig, E. M." box="[974,1413,256,280]" page="341" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBB39699183965430B4DC5B" ID-CoL="6X793" authority="Danzig, 1972: 341" authorityName="Danzig" authorityPageNumber="341" authorityYear="1972" box="[974,1413,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhizopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iljiniae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB39699183965431F1DC5B" box="[974,1216,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Rhizopulvinaria iljiniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBB3969968B965430B4DC5B" author="Danzig, E. M." box="[1222,1413,256,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="325 - 348" refId="ref100158" refString="Danzig, E. M. (1972) [Contribution to the fauna of the white flies and scale insects (Homoptera: Aleyrodoidea, Coccoidea) of Mongolia]. Insects of Mongolia, 1, 325 - 348. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1972">Danzig, 1972: 341</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB396992DA961130B7DCC6" blockId="38.[151,1437,325,712]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB396992DA961134A3DC1C" bold="true" box="[151,402,325,351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
The live adult female secretes a large, very convex ovisac from the rear end of the body; this pushes the body upwards so that most of it is held almost vertical to the surface of the host (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBB396996D1963E304BDCC6" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1180,1402,362,389]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="269 - 316" refId="ref98675" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1952 b) [New genera and species of soft scales of the family Coccidae (= Lecaniidae) of the USSR fauna and adjacent countries (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccoidea)]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk S, 12, 269 - 316. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1952">Borchsenius 1952b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBB3968928A96D931D1DC92" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB3969928A96D93601DF57" blockId="38.[151,1437,325,712]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB3969928A96D934E6DCE4" bold="true" box="[199,471,397,423]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB3969939096DB3706DCEB" box="[477,567,399,424]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Setae small, bluntly spinose and scattered. Pores small, sparse throughout. Preopercular pores oval or circular, numbering
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFBB396991A796E63163DC8F" box="[1002,1106,434,461]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" metricValueMax="12.953999999999999" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="36.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="21.0">21−51 in</quantity>
elongate group just anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent. Anal cleft fairly short. Anal plates each with 3 apical or subapical setae and a subdiscal seta. Anal ring with 6 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB3969928A954B361EDF8B" blockId="38.[151,1437,325,712]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB3969928A954B342BDF7B" box="[199,282,543,568]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae spinose, conical with blunt apices, present in single row, each side with 8–17 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas; those setae situated closest to anal cleft slightly longer than others. A row of submarginal spinose setae similar to marginal setae but slightly narrower and longer, present immediately inside row of marginal setae, each side with 5–8 present between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Stigmatic setae, if differentiated, slightly smaller than marginal setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FFBB396992DA90B63658DAB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385434" box="[151,873,2018,2043]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385434/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,2018,2042]" targetBox="[182,1401,745,1987]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBB396992DA90B63658DAB8" blockId="38.[151,873,2018,2043]" box="[151,873,2018,2043]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB396992DA90B6342FDAB9" bold="true" box="[151,286,2018,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBB3969938690B63654DAB8" authority="(Nasonov)" baseAuthorityName="Nasonov" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[459,869,2018,2043]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acanthopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBB3969938690B637C0DAB9" box="[459,753,2018,2042]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acanthopulvinaria orientalis</emphasis>
(Nasonov)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBA3968928A97C331D1DC92" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968928A97C3343EDDF3" box="[199,271,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 (rarely 7) loculi, present in dense group around ano-genital fold; a few also present mediolaterally on most preceding abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi, present in band between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present throughout. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBA39689073965737A5DC5E" box="[574,660,259,285]" count="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
: (i) a duct with inner ductules 2 or 3 times as long as outer ductule; present in a broad submarginal band from anal cleft anteriorly to about level with antennae; (ii) a larger duct, with inner ductule as wide as outer ductule, present within submarginal band; (iii) a duct about same size as
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFBA39689752961F307EDC26" box="[1311,1359,331,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
(i) but with no inner ductule, present on submedian areas. Long pregenital setae absent, but small setae present medially on pregenital segment; with 4–6 pairs of setae between antennal bases. Legs well developed; each claw with a small denticle; digitules subequal in length and all finely knobbed. Antennae each with 8 or 9 segments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBA3968928A968E3669DF22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBA3968928A968E3669DF22" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968928A968E3452DCB7" bold="true" box="[199,355,474,500]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA39689320968F3784DCB6" baseAuthorityName="Nasonov" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[365,693,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acanthopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA39689320968F3784DCB6" box="[365,693,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acanthopulvinaria orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 14 countries in the Palaearctic region including
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBA396892DA96AB35F5DF5A" box="[151,196,511,537]" name="Iran" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBA3968929996AB373BDF5A" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[212,522,511,537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA396893C196AB348EDF5A" box="[396,447,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), where it is found in Azarbaijan -e Gharbi,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA3968964C96AB316FDF5A" box="[1025,1118,511,537]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA3968962796AB319ADF5A" box="[1130,1195,511,537]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gilan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA396896FA96AB302CDF5A" box="[1207,1309,511,537]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Golestan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA3968976796AB30A9DF5A" box="[1322,1432,511,537]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hamadan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA396892DA957735C5DF7E" box="[151,244,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Kerman</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA3968934C9577345DDF7E" box="[257,364,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
-e Jounobi,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA396893B795773754DF7E" box="[506,613,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
-e Razavi,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA396890A595773662DF7E" box="[744,851,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
-e Shomali,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA396891AB95773166DF7E" box="[998,1111,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Kordestan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Kurdistan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA39689629957731F5DF7E" box="[1124,1220,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Markazi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA3968969D9577301CDF7E" box="[1232,1325,547,573]" country="Iran" name="Semnan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Semnan</collectingRegion>
, Sistan &amp; Balouchestan,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA39689371951334B8DF22" box="[316,393,583,609]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Tehran</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFBA396893F3951334C7DF22" box="[446,502,583,609]" country="Iran" name="Yazd" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Yazd</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBA396890349513367DDF22" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[633,844,583,609]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBA3968928A953F375DDE7A" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBA3968928A953F375DDE7A" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968928A953F346ADFC6" bold="true" box="[199,347,619,645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale has been recorded on host-plants in 17 genera belonging mostly to the family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396892DA95DB340BDFEA" box="[151,314,655,681]" family="Amarathaceae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="family">Amarathaceae</taxonomicName>
, but there are some records on members of the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396891C095DB313ADFEA" box="[909,1035,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
, Chonopodiaceae,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396896A195DB30A9DFEA" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[1260,1432,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396892DA95E73404DF8E" box="[151,309,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968930595E73483DF8E" box="[328,434,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396893B895E736CBDF8E" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[501,1018,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Tamaricaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBA396890E995E736C3DF8E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[676,1010,691,717]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968912595E73690DF8E" box="[872,929,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBA3968967C95E73150DF8E" box="[1073,1121,691,717]" name="Iran" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396892DA958334F9DFB2" box="[151,456,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Halocnemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobilaceum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA396892DA958334F9DFB2" box="[151,456,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Halocnemum strobilaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396893979583374ADFB2" box="[474,635,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Haloxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA396893979583377EDFB2" box="[474,591,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Haloxylon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396890C6958337CEDFB2" box="[651,767,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Noaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA396890C6958337E5DFB3" box="[651,724,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Noaea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968917195833116DFB2" box="[828,1063,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968917195833116DFB2" box="[828,1063,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Salsola oppositifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA39689674958331DFDFB2" box="[1081,1262,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA39689748958330ADDFB2" box="[1285,1436,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968974895833043DFB2" box="[1285,1394,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Artemisia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA396892D295AF3410DE56" box="[159,289,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968937F95AF3486DE56" box="[306,439,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ephedra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968937F95AF34A3DE56" box="[306,402,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ephedra</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968938995AF376BDE56" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[452,602,763,789]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ephedraceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968902695AF3661DE56" box="[619,848,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycioides">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968902695AF3661DE56" box="[619,848,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amygdalus lycioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968911095AF36FCDE56" box="[861,973,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968919395AF3151DE56" box="[990,1120,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968919395AF310BDE57" box="[990,1082,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Tamarix</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968962195AF3038DE56" box="[1132,1289,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968970995AF3586DE7A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968970995AF30ACDE56" box="[1348,1437,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Daphne</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBA3968928B944B3449DE7A" box="[198,376,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thymelaeaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBA396893C0944B3750DE7A" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[397,609,799,825]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBA3968928A941637A8DEC2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBA3968928A94163696DE1E" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,897]" box="[199,935,834,861]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968928A941634E6DE1F" bold="true" box="[199,471,834,860]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not of any economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBA3968913F94173692DE1E" box="[882,931,835,861]" name="Iran" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBA3968928A943337A8DEC2" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,897]" box="[199,665,870,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBA3968928A943334A5DEC3" bold="true" box="[199,404,870,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBA39689029943337A4DEC2" box="[612,661,871,897]" name="Iran" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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