612 lines
75 KiB
XML
612 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BBC7412AF0BAB4A3F4C9C2E4CA6698E8">Genetic and chemical diversity of the toxic herb Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.) in Northern Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="420FAE060B22011A31FACCAFA98F81AD">Jung, Stefanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="133DDE6D6551C2FA3E52182FDBD075CD">∗ & Systematic Botany, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C0C7D9CAA716AB672BE69CB6F67B613">Lauter, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D9BC3A3C72C2EB32F2A48DACA19D56A">Hartung, Nicole M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="180D623A2FFCC8D82316721EFDE9F51E">These, Anja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6086994B32A0AD5A30D9A245D180D246">Hamscher, Gerd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DCB63E8B8874148A261587FF7B89AEF">Wissemann, Volker</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9DE3AA4A2A4B1E12E6F5EE1D7835A043">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="A564BF7959697C7A5A111910326F235C" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112235</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039887B7FFE3FF98FF80FA787F5231AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887B7FFE3FF98FF80FA787F5231AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887B7FFE3FF98FF80FA787F5231AC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C32B652AFFE3FF9BFF80FA787A4633CF" box="[100,360,1470,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE3FF9BFF80FA787A4633CF" blockId="1.[100,360,1470,1489]" box="[100,360,1470,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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2.1. PA profile of
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE3FF9BFEE8FA787A4633CF" ID-CoL="3QJJ5" ID-ENA="98722" authority="Gaertn" authorityName="Gaertn" box="[268,360,1470,1489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">J. vulgaris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32B652AFFE3FF98FF61FA307F5231AC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE3FF9BFF61FA307A543122" blockId="1.[100,770,1526,1992]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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We coupled chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) in order to detect low PAs contents and different structures of PAs. A total of 98 different PA structures were determined in 367
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE3FF9BFF41F98C7A2E3042" box="[165,256,1609,1629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE3FF9BFF41F98C7A2E3042" bold="true" box="[165,256,1609,1629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plant samples of which 347 were located in
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F843FFE3FF9BFD7AF98C7B9C3067" country="Germany" name="Schleswig-Holstein" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Schleswig-Holstein</collectingRegion>
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and 20, respectively 2 populations, in
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F843FFE3FF9BFDC6F9A079763067" box="[546,600,1638,1657]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hesse</collectingRegion>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130A2A24FFE3FF9BFD82F9A079B53067" box="[614,667,1638,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[818,848,1113,1130]" captionTargetBox="[830,1474,155,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-1019@1.[827,1477,152,1090]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of the collection sites of J. vulgaris populations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294293/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6B3031AFFE3FF9BFD4CF9A079DA3067" box="[680,756,1638,1657]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[100,150,161,177]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Location of collection sites of J. vulgaris populations with number of individuals used for chemical analysis (sample size PA analysis), number of individuals used for genetic analysis (sample size AFLP analysis), and coordinates. Chemotype of locations including significant differences between relative abundance of erucifoline and jacobine. - = not used, ns = not significant, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Table.1</tableCitation>
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). At the time of the study, 13 of these 98 PAs were available as reference standards and could therefore be unambiguously determined. The most abundant PA in
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE3FF9BFF1EF97F7A7A30D2" box="[250,340,1721,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE3FF9BFF1EF97F7A7A30D2" bold="true" box="[250,340,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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individuals was erucifoline-
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<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE3FF9BFDBFF97F794430D2" bold="true" box="[603,618,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">N</emphasis>
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-oxide (16.33%) followed by senecionine-
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<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE3FF9BFEB0F9137A4D30F6" bold="true" box="[340,355,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">N</emphasis>
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-oxide_senecivernine-
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<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE3FF9BFDC8F913791530F6" bold="true" box="[556,571,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">N</emphasis>
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-oxide (13.75%) and jacobine-
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<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE3FF9BFF5EF9377BE7311A" bold="true" box="[186,201,1777,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">N</emphasis>
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-oxide (10.84%) (
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<tableCitation id="C6B3031AFFE3FF9BFE91F9377A93311A" box="[373,445,1777,1796]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[100,150,1017,1033]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 2 Description of the ten most abundant PA structures detected in J. vulgaris plants in Northern Germany. Senecionine and senecivernine as well as their N-oxides were respectively quantified as sum due to coelution. SEM: standard error of the mean." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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<figureCitation id="130A2A24FFE3FF9BFE30F9377922311A" box="[468,524,1777,1796]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[861,891,1442,1459]" captionTargetBox="[827,1477,1008,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-781@2.[827,1477,1008,1420]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Structural formula of the 6 most abundant PAs in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294295/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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shows the structural formula of the most abundant PAs and a comprehensive list of all identified PAs is shown in
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<tableCitation id="C6B3031AFFE3FF9BFEC9F8EF7A5A3122" box="[301,372,1833,1852]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="6.[100,152,1080,1099]" captionTargetBox="[116,1464,1176,1946]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 5 PA content of all PAs detected in all J. vulgaris. Exact mass of [M+H]+-adduct, Ret = retention time, average [mg/kg] = averaged content of PA of all individuals, SEM = standard error of mean. CycNO = cyclic diester N-oxide, cyc = cyclic diester, oto = otonecine, cyc_glc = PA glycoside, pla = platynecine." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Table 5</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE3FF9BFF61F883788233B8" blockId="1.[100,770,1526,1992]" lastBlockId="1.[818,1488,1176,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The average total PA content of an individual was 1032 ±
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<quantity id="4CC99B44FFE3FF9BFD55F88379D43146" box="[689,762,1861,1880]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mg" value="365.0">365 mg</quantity>
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/ kg corresponding to 0.1% of dry weight. The mean amount of PA between populations differed from the lowest 777 ±
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<quantity id="4CC99B44FFE3FF9BFDBCF8BB798C3191" box="[600,674,1916,1936]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mg" value="237.0">237 mg</quantity>
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/kg of dry weight (Heiligenhafen) to the highest 1666 ±
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<quantity id="4CC99B44FFE3FF9BFDAFF85E79B431B5" box="[587,666,1944,1963]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.76" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mg" value="476.0">476 mg</quantity>
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/kg of dry weight (Breklum) (
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<figureCitation id="130A2A24FFE3FF9BFEFDF8727A4E31D9" box="[281,352,1972,1991]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[111,759,155,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-916@3.[110,760,152,1043]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. PA content and composition of J. vulgaris. A) Averaged PA content in mg/kg dry weight of the individuals per population (± SEM). At first total PA content of every individual was calculated and afterwards the mean content of all individuals per population. Significant differences to the total averaged PA content (dotted line) are indicated by *. B) PA diversity of the populations shown by mean numbers of different PAs detected in populations (± SEM). Significant differences to the total averaged number of PA (dotted line) are indicated by *. C) Categorisation of J. vulgaris chemotypes: Difference in relative abundance of erucifoline and jacobine per population. Bars below 0 indicate jacobine type and bars over 0 indicate erucifoline type populations. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Both locations in
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F843FFE3FF9BFDFCF873796031D6" box="[536,590,1973,1992]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hesse</collectingRegion>
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show similar sums of PAs when compared to the locations in
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F843FFE3FF9BFB2DFB5E7E5032B5" box="[1225,1406,1176,1195]" country="Germany" name="Schleswig-Holstein" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Schleswig-Holstein</collectingRegion>
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. Population 17 (Breklum) has a higher PA content, than the remaining populations (Kruskal-Wallis, p <0.0001). However, given our hypothesis, this content might not be relevant for selection by big herbivores, as all found concentrations do not reach the level of harmfulness for big grazing mammals like cattle. For insect herbivores it is known that the effect of the concentration of PAs depends on both PA and insect species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFCDEFA9D78C73370" author="Macel, M. & Bruinsma, M. & Dijkstra, S. M. & Ooijendijk, T. & Niemeyer, H. M. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L." box="[826,1001,1371,1391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1493 - 1508" refId="ref10117" refString="Macel, M., Bruinsma, M., Dijkstra, S. M., Ooijendijk, T., Niemeyer, H. M., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., 2005. Differences in effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on five generalist insect herbivore species. J. Chem. Ecol. 31, 1493 - 1508. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10886 - 005 - 5793 - 0." type="journal article" year="2005">Macel et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Nonetheless compared to other investigations in
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<collectingCountry id="F3267631FFE3FF9BFCD6FAB178A43394" box="[818,906,1399,1418]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Germany</collectingCountry>
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, we found lower overall PA contents in dry weight (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFA7DFAB178B033B8" author="These, A. & Bodi, D. & Ronczka, S. & Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M. & Preiss-Weigert, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="9375 - 9383" refId="ref11176" refString="These, A., Bodi, D., Ronczka, S., Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M., Preiss-Weigert, A., 2013. Structural screening by multiple reaction monitoring as a new approach for tandem mass spectrometry: presented for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405, 9375 - 9383. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00216 - 013 - 7365 - 4." type="journal article" year="2013">These et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE3FF9BFCB7FA69784D30A3" blockId="1.[818,1488,1176,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Explanations for different contents of PAs are rare. A possible influence might be soil composition and nutrient availability. This was shown by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFC7CFA217F6B33E4" author="Kirk, H. & Vrieling, K. & van der Meijden, E. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L." box="[920,1093,1511,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="378 - 387" refId="ref9765" refString="Kirk, H., Vrieling, K., van der Meijden, E., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., 2010. Species by environment interactions affect pyrrolizidine alkaloid expression in Senecio jacobaea, Senecio aquaticus, and their hybrids. J. Chem. Ecol. 36, 378 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10. 1007 / s 10886 - 010 - 9772 - 8." type="journal article" year="2010">Kirk et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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who found higher PA concentrations in plants growing in soils with limited nutrients.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFB13F9C47E8C3008" author="Kirk, H. & Vrieling, K. & van der Meijden, E. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L." box="[1271,1442,1538,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="378 - 387" refId="ref9765" refString="Kirk, H., Vrieling, K., van der Meijden, E., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., 2010. Species by environment interactions affect pyrrolizidine alkaloid expression in Senecio jacobaea, Senecio aquaticus, and their hybrids. J. Chem. Ecol. 36, 378 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10. 1007 / s 10886 - 010 - 9772 - 8." type="journal article" year="2010">Kirk et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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also suggested that there is no selective pressure on PA content by different herbivores. However, other studies did not point towards relevant effects of locational factors including soil composition or herbivory insects on PA content (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFC13F9B57F9C309B" author="Joosten, L. & Mulder, P. P. J. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L. & van Veen, J. A." box="[1015,1202,1650,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="133 - 143" refId="ref9633" refString="Joosten, L., Mulder, P. P. J., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., van Veen, J. A., 2009. Soil-borne microorganisms and soil-type affect pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Jacobaea vulgaris. Plant Soil 325, 133 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11104 - 009 - 9963 - 7." type="journal article" year="2009">Joosten et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFB58F9B57EE5309B" author="Van der Meijden, E. & van Zoelen, A. M. & Soldaat, L. L." box="[1212,1483,1650,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="337 - 344" refId="ref11258" refString="Van der Meijden, E., van Zoelen, A. M., Soldaat, L. L., 1989. Oviposition by the cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae, in relation to nitrogen, sugars and alkaloids of ragwort, Senecio jacobaea. Oikos 54, 337 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3565295." type="journal article" year="1989">Van der Meijden et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE3FF9BFCD6F9487F3E30BF" author="Vrieling, K. & Wijk, C." box="[818,1040,1678,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref11532" refString="Vrieling, K., Wijk, C., 1994. Estimating costs and benefits of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio jacobaea under natural conditions. Oikos 449 - 454. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 1654 - 1 _ 23." type="book chapter" year="1994">Vrieling and Wijk, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), indicating the need for further research in this field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE3FF98FCB7F90079B4303C" blockId="1.[818,1488,1176,1976]" lastBlockId="2.[100,770,1550,1988]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
PA diversity was investigated by counting the different PAs that are produced by individuals and subsequently averaged within populations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A24FFE3FF9BFCDEF93B78AF310F" box="[826,897,1789,1809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[111,759,155,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-916@3.[110,760,152,1043]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. PA content and composition of J. vulgaris. A) Averaged PA content in mg/kg dry weight of the individuals per population (± SEM). At first total PA content of every individual was calculated and afterwards the mean content of all individuals per population. Significant differences to the total averaged PA content (dotted line) are indicated by *. B) PA diversity of the populations shown by mean numbers of different PAs detected in populations (± SEM). Significant differences to the total averaged number of PA (dotted line) are indicated by *. C) Categorisation of J. vulgaris chemotypes: Difference in relative abundance of erucifoline and jacobine per population. Bars below 0 indicate jacobine type and bars over 0 indicate erucifoline type populations. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individuals from population 5 (70 ± 2), 6 (71 ± 3), 15 (73 ± 3), 16 (74 ± 3), and 19 (71 ± 3) produced a greater range of different PAs than the average of all individuals hence are chemically more diverse. Population 2 (49 ± 2), 3 (51 ± 2), 12 (57 ± 3), 23 (49 ± 3), 24 (50 ± 2), 25 (51 ± 5) and 27 (57 ± 2) in contrast produced a lower range of different PAs (ANOVA, F (27, 706) = 18.86, P <0.0001). Population 15 was genetically investigated, too and shows one of the highest genetic diversity values (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B3031AFFE0FF98FDA1F9C879A3303C" box="[581,653,1550,1570]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="4.[100,150,1479,1495]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 4 Genetic diversity of J. vulgaris populations based on AFLP data. n = sample size, loc = number of loci scored, LocP = number of polymophic loci, PLP (%) = percent polymorphic loci, Hj = expected heterozygosity, SE (Hj) = standard error of Hj." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6629FFE0FF98FF80FF67787A36E1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[100,150,161,177]" targetBox="[116,1472,277,952]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FF80FF677B8636AC" blockId="2.[100,1487,161,255]" box="[100,168,161,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF80FF677B8636AC" bold="true" box="[100,168,161,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FF80FF7C787A36E1" blockId="2.[100,1487,161,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Location of collection sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE0FF98FE84FF7D7A9F36D5" box="[352,433,186,203]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FE84FF7D7A9F36D5" bold="true" box="[352,433,186,203]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations with number of individuals used for chemical analysis (sample size PA analysis), number of individuals used for genetic analysis (sample size AFLP analysis), and coordinates. Chemotype of locations including significant differences between relative abundance of erucifoline and jacobine. - = not used, ns = not significant, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FF90FED07EBC35A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<table id="F931C401FFE00065FF90FED37EEE35A6" box="[116,1472,277,952]" gridcols="7" gridrows="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FED37EEE373A" box="[116,1472,277,292]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FED37BA0373A" box="[116,142,277,292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nr.</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FED37AA9373A" box="[242,391,277,292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Location</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FED37968373A" box="[493,582,277,292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sample size</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FED3785D373A" box="[684,883,277,292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sample size AFLP analysis</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFED37F05373A" box="[986,1067,277,292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lat.</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FED37FCC373A" box="[1169,1250,277,292]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Long.</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFED37EEE373A" box="[1353,1472,277,292]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chemotype</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FEEA7EEE3724" box="[116,1472,300,314]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FEEA79683724" box="[493,582,300,314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">PA analysis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE9E7EEE3778" box="[116,1472,344,358]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE9E7BA03778" box="[116,142,344,358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE9E7AA93778" box="[242,391,344,358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rauischholzhausen</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE9E79683778" box="[493,582,344,358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FE9E785D3778" box="[684,883,344,358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE9E7F053778" box="[986,1067,344,358]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">50.762199</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE9E7FCC3778" box="[1169,1250,344,358]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.879012</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE9E7EEE3778" box="[1353,1472,344,358]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FEA97EEE3763" box="[116,1472,367,381]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FEA97BA03763" box="[116,142,367,381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FEA97AA93763" box="[242,391,367,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cleeberg</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FEA979683763" box="[493,582,367,381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FEA9785D3763" box="[684,883,367,381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFEA97F053763" box="[986,1067,367,381]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">50.454095</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FEA97FCC3763" box="[1169,1250,367,381]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.556469</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFEA97EEE3763" box="[1353,1472,367,381]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erucifoline, **</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE407EEE378A" box="[116,1472,390,404]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE407BA0378A" box="[116,142,390,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE407AA9378A" box="[242,391,390,404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Stodthagen</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE407968378A" box="[493,582,390,404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FE40785D378A" box="[684,883,390,404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE407F05378A" box="[986,1067,390,404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.281263</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE407FCC378A" box="[1169,1250,390,404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.115665</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE407EEE378A" box="[1353,1472,390,404]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE5A7EEE37B5" box="[116,1472,412,427]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE5A7BA037B5" box="[116,142,412,427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE5A7AA937B5" box="[242,391,412,427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Goosefeld</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE5A796837B5" box="[493,582,412,427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FE5A785D37B5" box="[684,883,412,427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE5A7F0537B5" box="[986,1067,412,427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.428561</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE5A7FCC37B5" box="[1169,1250,412,427]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.808093</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE5A7EEE37B5" box="[1353,1472,412,427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE757EEE37DC" box="[116,1472,435,450]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE757BA037DC" box="[116,142,435,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE757AA937DC" box="[242,391,435,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dazendorf</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE75796837DC" box="[493,582,435,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FE75785D37DC" box="[684,883,435,450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE757F0537DC" box="[986,1067,435,450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.362362</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE757FCC37DC" box="[1169,1250,435,450]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.944441</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE757EEE37DC" box="[1353,1472,435,450]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erucifoline, ***</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE0C7EEE37C7" box="[116,1472,458,473]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE0C7BA037C7" box="[116,142,458,473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE0C7AA937C7" box="[242,391,458,473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Neustadt</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE0C796837C7" box="[493,582,458,473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FE0C785D37C7" box="[684,883,458,473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE0C7F0537C7" box="[986,1067,458,473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.088625</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE0C7FCC37C7" box="[1169,1250,458,473]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.798694</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE0C7EEE37C7" box="[1353,1472,458,473]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE277EEE37EE" box="[116,1472,481,496]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE277BA037EE" box="[116,142,481,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE277AA937EE" box="[242,391,481,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eutin</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE27796837EE" box="[493,582,481,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FE27785D37EE" box="[684,883,481,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE277F0537EE" box="[986,1067,481,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.133031</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE277FCC37EE" box="[1169,1250,481,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.6095</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE277EEE37EE" box="[1353,1472,481,496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erucifoline, ***</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FE3E7EEE3418" box="[116,1472,504,518]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FE3E7BA03418" box="[116,142,504,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FE3E7AA93418" box="[242,391,504,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mühlenbarbek</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FE3E79683418" box="[493,582,504,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFE3E7F053418" box="[986,1067,504,518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">53.954671</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FE3E7FCC3418" box="[1169,1250,504,518]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.654996</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFE3E7EEE3418" box="[1353,1472,504,518]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FDC97EEE3403" box="[116,1472,527,541]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FDC97BA03403" box="[116,142,527,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FDC97AA93403" box="[242,391,527,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Drögen Eider</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FDC979683403" box="[493,582,527,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FDC9785D3403" box="[684,883,527,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFDC97F053403" box="[986,1067,527,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.164423</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FDC97FCC3403" box="[1169,1250,527,541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.123386</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFDC97EEE3403" box="[1353,1472,527,541]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FDE07EEE342A" box="[116,1472,550,564]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FDE07BA0342A" box="[116,142,550,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FDE07AA9342A" box="[242,391,550,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bordesholm</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FDE07968342A" box="[493,582,550,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FDE0785D342A" box="[684,883,550,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFDE07F05342A" box="[986,1067,550,564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.193261</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FDE07FCC342A" box="[1169,1250,550,564]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.047096</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFDE07EEE342A" box="[1353,1472,550,564]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FDFA7EEE3455" box="[116,1472,572,587]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FDFA7BA03455" box="[116,142,572,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FDFA7AA93455" box="[242,391,572,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Preetz</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FDFA79683455" box="[493,582,572,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FDFA785D3455" box="[684,883,572,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFDFA7F053455" box="[986,1067,572,587]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.235568</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FDFA7FCC3455" box="[1169,1250,572,587]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.296812</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFDFA7EEE3455" box="[1353,1472,572,587]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD957EEE347C" box="[116,1472,595,610]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD957BA0347C" box="[116,142,595,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">12</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD957AA9347C" box="[242,391,595,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Langwedel</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD957968347C" box="[493,582,595,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD95785D347C" box="[684,883,595,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD957F05347C" box="[986,1067,595,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.214269</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD957FCC347C" box="[1169,1250,595,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.921167</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD957EEE347C" box="[1353,1472,595,610]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FDAC7EEE3467" box="[116,1472,618,633]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FDAC7BA03467" box="[116,142,618,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">13</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FDAC7AA93467" box="[242,391,618,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rastorf</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FDAC79683467" box="[493,582,618,633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FDAC785D3467" box="[684,883,618,633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFDAC7F053467" box="[986,1067,618,633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.275717</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FDAC7FCC3467" box="[1169,1250,618,633]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.300127</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFDAC7EEE3467" box="[1353,1472,618,633]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD477EEE3491" box="[116,1472,641,655]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD477BA03491" box="[116,142,641,655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">14</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD477AA93491" box="[242,391,641,655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dithmarscher Geest</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD4779683491" box="[493,582,641,655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD47785D3491" box="[684,883,641,655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD477F053491" box="[986,1067,641,655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.130057</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD477FCC3491" box="[1169,1250,641,655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.254603</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD477EEE3491" box="[1353,1472,641,655]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD5E7EEE34B8" box="[116,1472,664,678]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD5E7BA034B8" box="[116,142,664,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD5E7AA934B8" box="[242,391,664,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Heiligenhafen</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD5E796834B8" box="[493,582,664,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD5E785D34B8" box="[684,883,664,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD5E7F0534B8" box="[986,1067,664,678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.377679</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD5E7FCC34B8" box="[1169,1250,664,678]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.931665</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD5E7EEE34B8" box="[1353,1472,664,678]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erucifoline, **</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD697EEE34A3" box="[116,1472,687,701]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD697BA034A3" box="[116,142,687,701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD697AA934A3" box="[242,391,687,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Neumünster</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD69796834A3" box="[493,582,687,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD69785D34A3" box="[684,883,687,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD697F0534A3" box="[986,1067,687,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.039343</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD697FCC34A3" box="[1169,1250,687,701]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.980943</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD697EEE34A3" box="[1353,1472,687,701]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD007EEE34CA" box="[116,1472,710,724]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD007BA034CA" box="[116,142,710,724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD007AA934CA" box="[242,391,710,724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Breklum</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD00796834CA" box="[493,582,710,724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD00785D34CA" box="[684,883,710,724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD007F0534CA" box="[986,1067,710,724]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.607393</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD007FCC34CA" box="[1169,1250,710,724]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.987367</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD007EEE34CA" box="[1353,1472,710,724]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erucifoline, ***</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD1A7EEE34F5" box="[116,1472,732,747]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD1A7BA034F5" box="[116,142,732,747]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">18</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD1A7AA934F5" box="[242,391,732,747]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Flensburg</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD1A796834F5" box="[493,582,732,747]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD1A785D34F5" box="[684,883,732,747]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD1A7F0534F5" box="[986,1067,732,747]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.728386</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD1A7FCC34F5" box="[1169,1250,732,747]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.367222</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD1A7EEE34F5" box="[1353,1472,732,747]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FD357EEE351F" box="[116,1472,755,769]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FD357BA0351F" box="[116,142,755,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">19</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FD357AA9351F" box="[242,391,755,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Füsing</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FD357968351F" box="[493,582,755,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FD35785D351F" box="[684,883,755,769]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFD357F05351F" box="[986,1067,755,769]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.524689</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FD357FCC351F" box="[1169,1250,755,769]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.637699</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFD357EEE351F" box="[1353,1472,755,769]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FCCC7EEE3506" box="[116,1472,778,792]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FCCC7BA03506" box="[116,142,778,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">20</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FCCC7AA93506" box="[242,391,778,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hamburg</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FCCC79683506" box="[493,582,778,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FCCC785D3506" box="[684,883,778,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFCCC7F053506" box="[986,1067,778,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">53.643896</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FCCC7FCC3506" box="[1169,1250,778,792]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.928421</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFCCC7EEE3506" box="[1353,1472,778,792]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FCE77EEE3531" box="[116,1472,801,815]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FCE77BA03531" box="[116,142,801,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">21</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FCE77AA93531" box="[242,391,801,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rehburg</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FCE779683531" box="[493,582,801,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FCE7785D3531" box="[684,883,801,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFCE77F053531" box="[986,1067,801,815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.284511</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FCE77FCC3531" box="[1169,1250,801,815]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.288206</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFCE77EEE3531" box="[1353,1472,801,815]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FCFE7EEE3558" box="[116,1472,824,838]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FCFE7BA03558" box="[116,142,824,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FCFE7AA93558" box="[242,391,824,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Schwarzenbek</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FCFE79683558" box="[493,582,824,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FCFE785D3558" box="[684,883,824,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFCFE7F053558" box="[986,1067,824,838]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">53.553038</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FCFE7FCC3558" box="[1169,1250,824,838]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.414365</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFCFE7EEE3558" box="[1353,1472,824,838]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FC897EEE3543" box="[116,1472,847,861]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FC897BA03543" box="[116,142,847,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">23</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FC897AA93543" box="[242,391,847,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Niebüll</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FC8979683543" box="[493,582,847,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FC89785D3543" box="[684,883,847,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFC897F053543" box="[986,1067,847,861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.767187</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FC897FCC3543" box="[1169,1250,847,861]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.866052</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFC897EEE3543" box="[1353,1472,847,861]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FCA37EEE356A" box="[116,1472,869,884]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FCA37BA0356A" box="[116,142,869,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FCA37AA9356A" box="[242,391,869,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lottorf</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FCA37968356A" box="[493,582,869,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FCA3785D356A" box="[684,883,869,884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFCA37F05356A" box="[986,1067,869,884]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.453106</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FCA37FCC356A" box="[1169,1250,869,884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.571611</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFCA37EEE356A" box="[1353,1472,869,884]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FCBA7EEE3595" box="[116,1472,892,907]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FCBA7BA03595" box="[116,142,892,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">25</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FCBA7AA93595" box="[242,391,892,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Barkauer See</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FCBA79683595" box="[493,582,892,907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">14</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FCBA785D3595" box="[684,883,892,907]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFCBA7F053595" box="[986,1067,892,907]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.086987</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FCBA7FCC3595" box="[1169,1250,892,907]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.641261</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFCBA7EEE3595" box="[1353,1472,892,907]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine, ***</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FC557EEE35BC" box="[116,1472,915,930]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FC557BA035BC" box="[116,142,915,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">26</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FC557AA935BC" box="[242,391,915,930]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Forstkrug</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FC55796835BC" box="[493,582,915,930]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FC55785D35BC" box="[684,883,915,930]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFC557F0535BC" box="[986,1067,915,930]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">53.486318</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FC557FCC35BC" box="[1169,1250,915,930]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.733531</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFC557EEE35BC" box="[1353,1472,915,930]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FC6C7EEE35A6" box="[116,1472,938,952]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FC6C7BA035A6" box="[116,142,938,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF16FC6C7AA935A6" box="[242,391,938,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bültsee</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE09FC6C796835A6" box="[493,582,938,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD48FC6C785D35A6" box="[684,883,938,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FC3EFC6C7F0535A6" box="[986,1067,938,952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.497838</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FB75FC6C7FCC35A6" box="[1169,1250,938,952]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.753609</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FAADFC6C7EEE35A6" box="[1353,1472,938,952]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mixed, ns</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6629FFE0FF98FF80FC3F7BB73271" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[100,150,1017,1033]" targetBox="[116,731,1158,1490]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FF80FC3F7B863217" blockId="2.[100,770,1016,1135]" box="[100,168,1016,1033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF80FC3F7B863217" bold="true" box="[100,168,1016,1033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 2</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FF80FBD47BB73271" blockId="2.[100,770,1016,1135]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Description of the ten most abundant PA structures detected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE0FF98FD9DFBD479E4323D" box="[633,714,1042,1059]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FD9DFBD479E4323D" bold="true" box="[633,714,1042,1059]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants in Northern Germany. Senecionine and senecivernine as well as their
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FD5CFBEA79E83222" bold="true" box="[696,710,1068,1084]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-oxides were respectively quantified as sum due to coelution. SEM: standard error of the mean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FE9EFB41799433CC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<table id="F931C401FFE00065FF90FB4079F533CC" box="[116,731,1158,1490]" gridcols="5" gridrows="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FB4079F5328B" box="[116,731,1158,1173]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFB407A94328B" box="[378,442,1158,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">average</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FB40792C328B" box="[480,514,1158,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SEM</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFB40794C328B" box="[537,610,1158,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Minimum</th>
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFB4079F5328B" box="[655,731,1158,1173]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maximum</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FB5B79F532B5" box="[116,731,1181,1195]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFB5B7A9432B5" box="[378,442,1181,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">[mg/kg]</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFB5B794C32B5" box="[537,610,1181,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">[mg/kg]</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFB5B79F532B5" box="[655,731,1181,1195]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">[mg/kg]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FB0F79F532C9" box="[116,731,1225,1239]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FB0F7A6832C9" box="[116,326,1225,1239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Erucifoline-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF28FB0F7BF632C9" bold="true" box="[204,216,1225,1239]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-Oxide
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFB0F7A9432C9" box="[378,442,1225,1239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">168.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FB0F792C32C9" box="[480,514,1225,1239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6.93</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFB0F794C32C9" box="[537,610,1225,1239]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFB0F79F532C9" box="[655,731,1225,1239]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">487.79</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FB2679F532F0" box="[116,731,1248,1262]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FB267A6832F0" box="[116,326,1248,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Senecionine-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF30FB267BCE32F0" bold="true" box="[212,224,1248,1262]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFB267A9432F0" box="[378,442,1248,1262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">141.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FB26792C32F0" box="[480,514,1248,1262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.77</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFB26794C32F0" box="[537,610,1248,1262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFB2679F532F0" box="[655,731,1248,1262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">671.95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FB3179F5331B" box="[116,731,1271,1285]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FB317A68331B" box="[116,326,1271,1285]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Oxide_Senecivernine-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FED0FB317A6E331B" bold="true" box="[308,320,1271,1285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FAC879F53302" box="[116,731,1294,1308]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FAC87A683302" box="[116,326,1294,1308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oxide</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FAE279F5332D" box="[116,731,1316,1331]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FAE27A68332D" box="[116,326,1316,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Jacobine-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF58FAE37BE6332D" bold="true" box="[188,200,1317,1331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-Oxide
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFAE27A94332D" box="[378,442,1316,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">111.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FAE2792C332D" box="[480,514,1316,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFAE2794C332D" box="[537,610,1316,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFAE279F5332D" box="[655,731,1316,1331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">473.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FAFD79F53354" box="[116,731,1339,1354]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FAFD7A683354" box="[116,326,1339,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jacobine</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFAFD7A943354" box="[378,442,1339,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">90.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FAFD792C3354" box="[480,514,1339,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFAFD794C3354" box="[537,610,1339,1354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFAFD79F53354" box="[655,731,1339,1354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">393.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FA9479F5337E" box="[116,731,1362,1376]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FA947A68337E" box="[116,326,1362,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erucifoline</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFA947A94337E" box="[378,442,1362,1376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">83.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FA94792C337E" box="[480,514,1362,1376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.90</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFA94794C337E" box="[537,610,1362,1376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFA9479F5337E" box="[655,731,1362,1376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">431.43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FAAF79F53369" box="[116,731,1385,1399]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FAAF7A683369" box="[116,326,1385,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Seneciphylline-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF03FAAF7BDD3369" bold="true" box="[231,243,1385,1399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-Oxide
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFAAF7A943369" box="[378,442,1385,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">82.33</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FAAF792C3369" box="[480,514,1385,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.44</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFAAF794C3369" box="[537,610,1385,1399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFAAF79F53369" box="[655,731,1385,1399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">475.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FA4679F53390" box="[116,731,1408,1422]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FA467A683390" box="[116,326,1408,1422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Seneciphylline</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFA467A943390" box="[378,442,1408,1422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">64.05</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FA46792C3390" box="[480,514,1408,1422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.36</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFA46794C3390" box="[537,610,1408,1422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.72</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFA4679F53390" box="[655,731,1408,1422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">457.44</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FA5179F533BB" box="[116,731,1431,1445]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FA517A6833BB" box="[116,326,1431,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Retrorsine-
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FF23FA517BFD33BB" bold="true" box="[199,211,1431,1445]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-Oxide
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFA517A9433BB" box="[378,442,1431,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FA51792C33BB" box="[480,514,1431,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.84</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFA51794C33BB" box="[537,610,1431,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6.58</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFA5179F533BB" box="[655,731,1431,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">204.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FA6B79F533A2" box="[116,731,1453,1468]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FA6B7A6833A2" box="[116,326,1453,1468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Senecionine_Senecivernine</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFA6B7A9433A2" box="[378,442,1453,1468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">48.91</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FA6B792C33A2" box="[480,514,1453,1468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFA6B794C33A2" box="[537,610,1453,1468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.53</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFA6B79F533A2" box="[655,731,1453,1468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">344.73</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350134E3FFE00065FF90FA0279F533CC" box="[116,731,1476,1490]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D05D9FFFE00065FF90FA027A6833CC" box="[116,326,1476,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Retrorsine</th>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE9EFA027A9433CC" box="[378,442,1476,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">19.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FE04FA02792C33CC" box="[480,514,1476,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0,71</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FDFDFA02794C33CC" box="[537,610,1476,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.80</td>
|
||
<td id="76D05D9FFFE00065FD6BFA0279F533CC" box="[655,731,1476,1490]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">97.72</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6629FFE0FF98FCB9FA647E8B33AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8294295" box="[861,1445,1442,1459]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294295/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[861,891,1442,1459]" targetBox="[827,1477,1008,1420]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FCB9FA647E8B33AD" blockId="2.[861,1445,1442,1459]" box="[861,1445,1442,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FCB9FA6478B833AD" bold="true" box="[861,918,1442,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Structural formula of the 6 most abundant PAs in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36A1FFE0FF98FF61F9EC7F5231AC" blockId="2.[100,770,1550,1988]" lastBlockId="2.[818,1488,1505,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Previous studies have specified three (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FE19F9EC79813023" author="Macel, M. & Vrieling, K. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L." box="[509,687,1578,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="865 - 873" refId="ref10378" refString="Macel, M., Vrieling, K., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., 2004. Variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloid patterns of Senecio jacobaea. Phytochemistry 65, 865 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. phytochem. 2004.02.009." type="journal article" year="2004">Macel et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) respectively four chemotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE0FF98FE84F98179533047" authority="(Witte et al., 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Witte" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[352,637,1606,1626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FE84F9817A923047" bold="true" box="[352,444,1606,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FE2FF980795D3047" author="Witte, L. & Adam, H. & Hartmann, T." box="[459,627,1606,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="559 - 565" refId="ref11585" refString="Witte, L., Ernst, L., Adam, H., Hartmann, T., 1992. Chemotypes of the two pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing Senecio species. Phytochemistry 559 - 565. https: // doi. org / 10. 1016 / 0031 - 9422 (92) 90038 - R." type="book chapter" year="1992">Witte et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to the dominant PAs, a jacobine
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8803FFE0FF98FE63F9A57A9C3068" box="[391,434,1635,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, an erucifoline
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8803FFE0FF98FDAEF9A5795B3068" box="[586,629,1635,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, a senecionine
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8803FFE0FF98FF80F9B87BA3308F" box="[100,141,1662,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and a mixed
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8803FFE0FF98FEEDF9B87A1C308F" box="[265,306,1662,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
were assigned. We found mainly individuals with both PA jacobine as well as erucifoline. However, ANOVA revealed that averaged trough all populations, 11 populations contained a significantly higher relative share of jacobine. In contrast, 5 populations produced more erucifoline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A24FFE0FF98FE90F9287A92311F" box="[372,444,1774,1793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[111,759,155,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-916@3.[110,760,152,1043]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. PA content and composition of J. vulgaris. A) Averaged PA content in mg/kg dry weight of the individuals per population (± SEM). At first total PA content of every individual was calculated and afterwards the mean content of all individuals per population. Significant differences to the total averaged PA content (dotted line) are indicated by *. B) PA diversity of the populations shown by mean numbers of different PAs detected in populations (± SEM). Significant differences to the total averaged number of PA (dotted line) are indicated by *. C) Categorisation of J. vulgaris chemotypes: Difference in relative abundance of erucifoline and jacobine per population. Bars below 0 indicate jacobine type and bars over 0 indicate erucifoline type populations. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294297/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), confirming Marcel at al. (2004) who postulated that erucifoline chemotypes are not only restricted to South-East Europe. Moreover, one population (10) contained no erucifoline and 5 populations contained no jacobine at all (2, 5, 7, 15, and 17) or less than 2% (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A24FFE0FF98FECCF89B7A73316E" box="[296,349,1885,1904]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1128,1145]" captionTargetBox="[262,1326,153,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-202@4.[261,1327,152,1106]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Mean PA composition per population. Percentage proportion of single PAs from all individuals were averaged and summarized in populations. Only single PAs that count for more than 2% of total PA concentrations were included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8294299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8294299/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Remarkably individuals from Population 3 (Stodhagen) produced neither much of jacobine nor erucifoline but plenty seneciphylline and its
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FE9DF8537AA631B6" bold="true" box="[377,392,1941,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">N</emphasis>
|
||
-oxide. However, our data regarding PA composition widely spread so that individuals from the same population produce considerably different amounts of different PAs. As we cannot figure out any consistency or dominant PA profile we suggest that there might not be a direct evolutionary constraint as a selective pressure on PA composition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE0FF98FB84F9F37F933059" box="[1120,1213,1588,1608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FB84F9F37F933059" bold="true" box="[1120,1213,1588,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at all. At least for specialist herbivores other studies confirm that they do not put any selective pressure on PA composition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FBB5F9AA7E2A3061" author="Macel, M. & Klinkhamer, P. G. & Vrieling, K. & van der Meijden, E." box="[1105,1284,1644,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="541 - 550" refId="ref10200" refString="Macel, M., Klinkhamer, P. G., Vrieling, K., van der Meijden, E., 2002. Diversity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio species does not affect the specialist herbivore Tyria jacobaeae. Oecologia 133, 541 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00442 - 002 - 1074 - 6." type="journal article" year="2002">Macel et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FAF5F9AA784A3085" author="Macel, M. & Vrieling, K." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1435 - 1446" refId="ref10326" refString="Macel, M., Vrieling, K., 2003. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as oviposition stimulants for the cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae. J. Chem. Ecol. 6, 1435 - 1446. https: // doi. org / 10. 1023 / A: 1024269621284." type="journal article" year="2003">Macel and Vrieling, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FC8BF94E7F7B3085" author="Vrieling, K. & Boer, N. de" box="[879,1109,1672,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="251 - 257" refId="ref11475" refString="Vrieling, K., Boer, N. de, 1999. Host-plant choice and larval growth in the cinnabar math: do pyrrolizidine alkaloids play a role? Entomol. Exp. Appl. 251 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1570 - 7458.1999.00491. x." type="book chapter" year="1999">Vrieling and Boer, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the same authors showed that different PAs had different effects on generalist and specialist herbivores and thus hypothesized that herbivores could play a role in the evolution of PA diversity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FB67F91A7E6130F1" author="Macel, M. & Bruinsma, M. & Dijkstra, S. M. & Ooijendijk, T. & Niemeyer, H. M. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L." box="[1155,1359,1756,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1493 - 1508" refId="ref10117" refString="Macel, M., Bruinsma, M., Dijkstra, S. M., Ooijendijk, T., Niemeyer, H. M., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., 2005. Differences in effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on five generalist insect herbivore species. J. Chem. Ecol. 31, 1493 - 1508. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10886 - 005 - 5793 - 0." type="journal article" year="2005">Macel et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FA87F91A78F13115" author="Macel, M. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref10267" refString="Macel, M., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., 2010. Chemotype of Senecio jacobaea affects damage by pathogens and insect herbivores in the field. Evol. Ecol. 24, 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10682 - 009 - 9303 - 7." type="journal article" year="2010">Macel and Klinkhamer, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, soil constitution and its content of microorganisms can affect PA composition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B50FFE0FF98FB39F8D27EB33139" author="Joosten, L. & Mulder, P. P. J. & Klinkhamer, P. G. L. & van Veen, J. A." box="[1245,1437,1812,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="133 - 143" refId="ref9633" refString="Joosten, L., Mulder, P. P. J., Klinkhamer, P. G. L., van Veen, J. A., 2009. Soil-borne microorganisms and soil-type affect pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Jacobaea vulgaris. Plant Soil 325, 133 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11104 - 009 - 9963 - 7." type="journal article" year="2009">Joosten et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although diversity within populations does exist, averaged values of our data do not support any directed evolution, therefore we interpret the overall diversity of PAs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D22FFE0FF98FBC8F8AE7FA93164" box="[1068,1159,1895,1915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Jacobaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAB3FFE0FF98FBC8F8AE7FA93164" bold="true" box="[1068,1159,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lacking specific chemotypes to be the result of a panmictic metapopulation with no directing selection on the geographic range of our study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |