239 lines
23 KiB
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239 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin & O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="F50ACE1298F70F189BC89E7AB03119D3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Limnonectes timorensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F50ACE1298F70F189BC89E7AB03119D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F50ACE1298F70F189BC89E7AB03119D3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F50ACE12-98F7-0F18-9BC8-9E7AB03119D3" authority="(Smith, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnonectes timorensis" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">Limnonectes timorensis (Smith, 1927)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Limnonectes timorensis. Female from near Eraulo, Ermera District (USNM [CMD 422], SVL 62 mm). Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15837" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="29" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="29">(E) Timor River Frog. *(T) Manduku mota (manduku = frog, mota = river).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
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Frogs of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Limnonectes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are nocturnal and generally quite difficult to distinguish from similar species.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Limnonectes timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently the only known species of river frog recorded from Timor-Leste. Identifying characteristics include fingertips that are slightly swollen and widened at their tips, but which do not possess a marginal fold that outlines the disk pad. The first finger is invariably longer than the second. They possess a dorsolateral fold that originates just behind the eye and continues dorsally to the groin, and a tympanum that is nearly equal to the size of the eye (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Limnonectes timorensis. Female from near Eraulo, Ermera District (USNM [CMD 422], SVL 62 mm). Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15837" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). A brown band is present on the head, arising near the tip of the snout, continuing along the canthus rostralis through the eye, and completely enveloping the tympanum. The skin warts commonly found concentrated on the dorsum in other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Limnonectes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are reduced in number on the dorsum but
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="30" start="start">quite</pageBreakToken>
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prominent on the side of the body (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Limnonectes timorensis. Female from near Eraulo, Ermera District (USNM [CMD 422], SVL 62 mm). Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15837" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). We were readily able to confirm our identification by consulting the figure presented in
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">Smith (1927</bibRefCitation>
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: Pl. II, Fig. 1) and from the original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
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Whereas in one of our specimens the internarial distance is slightly greater than the interorbital distance, a diagnostic characteristic provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">Smith (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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, the internarial distance is equal to the interorbital distance in the second. Even though
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">Smith (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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did outline some variation among his eight specimens, only slight differences in the interorbital distance are mentioned. It appears that the comparison of internarial distance with interorbital distance by itself is insufficient to distinguish this species from others.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
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In a second instance of incongruity between our specimens and the original description, the nares are not at the midway point between the eye and the tip of the snout but located approximately one third of the eye-to-snout distance away from the snout in both specimens. We believe that this incongruity could be due to an error in
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Smith’s">Smith's</normalizedToken>
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(1927)
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</bibRefCitation>
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description since the drawing of the frog (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">Smith 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: Plate II, Figure 1) conforms to our specimens and not to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Smith’s">Smith's</normalizedToken>
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description. Scientific illustrators are generally extremely meticulous and accurate, and misplacement of the nares, a key character of the head, would be an unlikely error.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="31" start="start">Lastly</pageBreakToken>
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, the foot in our specimens is 7% longer than, as opposed to equal to, tibia length as described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">Smith (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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. Repeated measurements with digital calipers and mechanical calipers as used in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Smith’s">Smith's</normalizedToken>
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day resulted in measurement errors of 3% and 7%, respectively (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
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= 10 for each instrument). We therefore believe that the discrepancy between foot and tibia length measurements we made on our specimens, and Smith made on his, is due to slight variation in the hindlimbs (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="199 - 226" refId="B83" refString="Smith, M, 1927. Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1927: 199 - 226" title="Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian Region." volume="1927" year="1927">Smith 1927</bibRefCitation>
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:212), combined with measurement error, and does not represent a diagnostic difference.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="31" type="collection and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
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Two female individuals were collected during a single night from the Meleotegi River, near Eraulo, Ermera District, altitude 1179 m. During the dry season, the Meleotegi River is a relatively shallow stream that runs over pebbles and allows easy crossing. Boulders are distributed at irregular intervals along and in the riverbed. It is clear from the steeply eroded riverbanks (over 5 m high in some parts) that the river carries a large volume of water during parts of the year. One individual of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Limnonectes timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected from a thin branch overhanging the relatively steep riverbank, whereas the other was found on a large boulder in midstream. No vocalizations were heard.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="31" type="taxonomic comment">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Taxonomic comment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="356 - 388" refId="B37" refString="Forcart, L, 1953. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel 64: 356 - 388" title="Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus." volume="64" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Menzies, JI" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="373 - 418" publicationUrl="doi:10.1071/ZO9870373" refId="B68" refString="Menzies, JI, 1987. A taxonomic revision of Papuan Rana (Amphibia: Ranidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 35: 373 - 418, doi:10.1071/ZO9870373" title="A taxonomic revision of Papuan Rana (Amphibia: Ranidae)." url="doi:10.1071/ZO9870373" volume="35" year="1987">Menzies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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considered
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Limnonectes timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a synonym of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elberti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Hylarana elberti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Roux, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher, Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="409 - 508" refId="B79" refString="Roux, J, 1911. Elbert-Sunda-Expedition des Frankfurter Vereins fuer Geographie und Statistik. Reptilien und Amphibien. Zoologische Jahrbuecher, Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 30: 409 - 508" title="Elbert-Sunda-Expedition des Frankfurter Vereins fuer Geographie und Statistik. Reptilien und Amphibien." volume="30" year="1911">Roux 1911</bibRefCitation>
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. F
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="356 - 388" refId="B37" refString="Forcart, L, 1953. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel 64: 356 - 388" title="Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus." volume="64" year="1953">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="orcart’s">orcart's</normalizedToken>
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(1953)
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</bibRefCitation>
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synonymy was based on a comparison of specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland with the holotype of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elberti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Hylarana elberti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Robert Mertens. One of us (HK) has made a very careful comparison of our
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Limnonectes timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens with the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elberti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Hylarana elberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and found differences in the tuberculation of the hand, the width of fingertips, the position and size of the rictal gland at the angle of the jaw, the extent of toe webbing, the width of the toe tips, and the patterning and consistency of the skin on the throat. Additional features of the shape of the head are difficult to compare because the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elberti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Hylarana elberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a damaged anterior of the head. We therefore agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dubois, A" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="7 - 95" refId="B28" refString="Dubois, A, 1986. Miscellanea taxinomica batrachologica. I. Alytes 5: 7 - 95" title="Miscellanea taxinomica batrachologica. I." volume="5" year="1986">Dubois (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that the species from Timor and Wetar are distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15837" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Limnonectes timorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female from near Eraulo, Ermera District (USNM [CMD 422], SVL 62 mm). Photo by Mark
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |