207 lines
24 KiB
XML
207 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A1B9C392D872E811D9F75689E30951EF">Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) new to Korea</mods:title>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="E12110F2A74E4A42FD619B684D6DFBC4" author="Alexander, C. P." page="522" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" year="1948">
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FD619B684D6DFBC4" author="Alexander, C. P." pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="509 - 556" refId="ref32994" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1948. Notes on the tropical American species of Tipulidae (Diptera). V. The specialized Hexatomini: Limnophila, Shannonomyia, Gynoplistia, Hexatoma, Atarba, Elephantomyia, and allies. Revista de Entomologia 19: 509 - 556." type="journal article" year="1948">Alexander, 1948: 522</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="E12110F2A74E4A42FED49B494D8EFBC4" author="Ito, S." box="[308,453,1064,1088]" page="89" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" year="1948">
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<treatmentCitation id="E12110F2A74E4A42FE329B484E33FBC4" author="Ishida, H." box="[466,632,1064,1088]" page="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FE329B484E33FBC4" author="Ishida, H." box="[466,632,1064,1088]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="37 - 42" refId="ref33753" refString="Ishida, H. 1959. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera, 4. Limoniinae, Tribe Pediciini. Science Report of the Hyogo University of Agriculture, Serie Natural Sciences 3 (2): 37 - 42." type="journal article" year="1959">Ishida, 1959: 2</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="E12110F2A74E4A42FD669B484DB1FBE5" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" page="74" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FD669B484DB1FBE5" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref35156" refString="Savchenko, E. N. and G. O. Krivolutskaya. 1976. Limoniidae of the south Kuril Islands and south Sakhalin. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. SSR, Kiev: 1 - 160 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1976">Savchenko and Krivolutskaya, 1976: 74</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FDE89B284EBCFBE4" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[520,759,1096,1121]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref35010" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1983. Limoniidae of South Primorye. Akademiy Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev: 1 - 156 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1983">Savchenko, 1983: 62</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="E12110F2A74E4A42FF559B084D6FFB05" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[181,292,1128,1153]" page="202" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FF559B084D6FFB05" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[181,292,1128,1153]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref35087" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1986. Komary-limoniidy [Limoniid-flies]. (General description, subfamilies Pediciinae and Hexatominae). Fauna Ukrainy 14 (2): 1 - 380 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1986">1986: 202</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="E12110F2A74E4A42FECE9B094DDBFB05" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[302,400,1129,1153]" page="49" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FECE9B094DDBFB05" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[302,400,1129,1153]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" refId="ref35125" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1989. Limoniid crane flies of the USSR fauna. Kiev. " Naukovaya Dumka ": 378 pp. (In Russian)." type="book" year="1989">1989: 49</bibRefCitation>
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.
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species
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<taxonomicName id="A7804D60A74E4A42FEDC9BE94CA1FB45" authority="Westwood, 1836" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnobiorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FEDC9BE94E34FB25" box="[316,639,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Limnobiorhynchus canadensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FD659BE94CA1FB45" author="Westwood, J. O." pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="681 - 685" refId="ref35486" refString="Westwood, J. O. 1836. Insectorum nonnullorum novorum (ex ordine Dipterorum) descriptiones. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (1) 4: 681 - 685." type="journal article" year="1836">Westwood, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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(=
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<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FE6A9BC94E29FB45" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[394,610,1193,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref34619" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. 1869. Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part IV. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 8 (219): i-xii, 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1869">Osten Sacken, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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).
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Mediumsized crane flies, with wing length ranging from 6.0 to 11.0 mm. Main body color yellow or brownish yellow. Eyes large, often greenish in alive specimens. Rostrum strongly elongated, usually as long as abdomen. Small threesegmented palpi at the end of rostrum. Antenna short. Antennal flagellum usually 14segmented with very small distal segment. Tubercular pits of prescutum missing. Wing subhyaline, spotless, sometimes jus costal field slightly pigmented. Veins
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Sc
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and
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Sc
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close to each other, ending slightly before branching point of
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FF1E994B4D52F9C6" box="[254,281,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Rs</emphasis>
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; two branches of
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FE00994B4DB0F9C6" box="[480,507,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Rs</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="0691AE26A74E4A42FDEA994B4E51F9C6" box="[522,538,1579,1602]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">R</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FDFA99524E68F9C7" box="[538,547,1586,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">2</emphasis>
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+
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FDD499524E76F9C7" box="[564,573,1586,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">3</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FD95994B4ECEF9C6" box="[629,645,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
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<collectionCode id="0691AE26A74E4A42FD95994B4ECEF9C6" box="[629,645,1579,1602]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">R</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FD6599524EC5F9C7" box="[645,654,1586,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">4</emphasis>
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+
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FD7F99524EE3F9C6" box="[671,680,1586,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">5</emphasis>
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);
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FD21994B4E91F9C7" box="[705,730,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
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<collectionCode id="0691AE26A74E4A42FD21994B4E9AF9C6" box="[705,721,1579,1602]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">R</collectionCode>
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<subScript id="FC0434A6A74E4A42FD3199524E91F9C7" attach="left" box="[721,730,1586,1603]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
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(
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FD09994B4CE2F9E6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">r r</emphasis>
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) missing. Discal cell large, nearly rightangled. Basal deflection of
|
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<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FED9990B4D38F907" box="[313,371,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
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CuA
|
||
<subScript id="FC0434A6A74E4A42FE8A99124D38F907" attach="left" box="[362,371,1650,1667]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
close to the middle of discal cell. Cell
|
||
<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FF3499EC4CA1F920" box="[212,234,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
|
||
a
|
||
<subScript id="FC0434A6A74E4A42FF0199F34CA1F920" attach="left" box="[225,234,1683,1700]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
large. Second and third pairs of coxae are close to each other, because meron is strongly reduced. Male genitalia large. Ninth tergite and ninth sternite forming complete genital ring. Ninth tergite usually with wide and deep median incision. Gonocoxite wide at base, getting narrower towards apex, without interbase. Two pairs of terminal or subterminal gonostyles. Outer gonostylus narrow, often bifid at tip. Penis usually very long and coiled, sometimes straight. Paramere large, often with set of spines apically. Ovipositor with long and slightly arched cercus. Hypovalvae reaching about to two thirds of cercus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="603F36E3A74E4A42FCAF9E254979FCDB" blockId="9.[824,1429,261,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Larval body cylindrical, terete, yellowish white, covered with long silky light brown setae. Creeping welts present on abdominal segments VVII. Spiracular field with four lobes, ventral pair is longest. Ventral lobe with very long apical bristle. Spiracular lobes heavily sclerotised and almost entirely covered with dark sclerites. Spiracles are mediumsized, widely separated, located at the base of lateral lobes. Anus is surrounded by four inconspicuous anal papillae. Head capsule is reduced, weakly sclerotised, very long and narrow. In general, the head capsule is more similar to that of subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7804D60A74E4A42FAC99DE74F18FD3A" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chioneinae">Chioneinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Labium membranous, with premandibles on ventral side. Mandible very small, heavily sclerotised with blunt apical teeth. Maxillae welldeveloped, membranous. Labium inconspicuous. One of the most outstanding features of the genus is presence of heavily sclerotised comblike structures surrounding oesophangus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="603F36E3A74E4A42FCAF9C08497DFBE4" blockId="9.[824,1429,261,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Pupa free. Body pale, segments without tubercles, but cuticle covered with microscopic spines. Antennal sheath is lying across eye, short, reaching only wing base. Small crest present above the eye. Sheath of wing short, reaching end of abdominal segment II. Leg sheaths extending about to base of fifth abdominal segment; they are different in length. Pronotal breathing horns are very small, elongate, slightly widened and rounded at apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="603F36E3A74E4A42FCAF9B0948EFFB45" blockId="9.[824,1429,261,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Larvae live in wet, rotten wood of various deciduous trees. Pupae develop in the same habitat as larvae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FAB79BE94F8FFB45" author="Alexander, C. P." pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="691 - 1133" refId="ref32647" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1920 a. The crane-flies of New York. Part II. Biology and phylogeny. Memoirs, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 38: 691 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander, 1920a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FC2F9BC948D3FB45" author="Krivosheina, N. P." box="[975,1176,1193,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="603 - 614" refId="ref33860" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. 2010. New data on the ecology and morphology of xylobiont larvae of the genus Elephantomyia Ost. - Sack. (Diptera, Limoniidae). Entomological Review 90: 603 - 614." type="journal article" year="2010">Krivosheina, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="603F36E3A74E4A42FCAF9BA948DBF986" blockId="9.[824,1429,261,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
|
||
The genus includes 132 species distributed worldwide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FCDF9B894847FA85" author="Oosterbroek, P." box="[831,1036,1257,1281]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" refId="ref34429" refString="Oosterbroek, P. 2015. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW) [Available from: http: // nlbif. eti. uva. nl / ccw / index. php]." type="url" year="2015">Oosterbroek, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus divided further into four subgenera, with which the largest subgenus includes 99 species from the world. Highest diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7804D60A74E4A42FAFE9A49486FFAE6" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Elephantomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Elephantomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FAFE9A494F27FAE5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Elephantomyia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FC9A9A294850FAE5" box="[890,1051,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Elephantomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is observed in Neotropic (38 species) and Afrotropical Regions (37 species). Twelve species are known in Palaearctic Region. The genus was unknown from Korean Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FB479ACA496BFA46" author="Kim, S. K." box="[1191,1312,1450,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref33827" refString="Kim, S. K. 2013. National list of species of Korea (Insect: Diptetra I). Dongjin Publising Company, Seoul: vii + 1 - 192." type="book chapter" year="2013">Kim, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7804D60A74E4A42FC669AAA486CFA66" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" box="[902,1063,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Elephantomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="52F4EAF1A74E4A42FC669AAA486CFA66" box="[902,1063,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Elephantomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from Baltic and Dominican ambers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04114B12A74E4A42FC3A9A8A48CEF986" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[986,1157,1514,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" refId="ref33586" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 2014. Family Limoniidae. In: Catalog of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera) [Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / fossilcat / [filename]. html. Version 16 Feb 2014]." type="url" year="2014">Evenhuis, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |