treatments-xml/data/B7/BF/BA/B7BFBAB4BA0FFCD877EDCA6AEDC9FD7F.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6202b897-11c1-4686-99d8-94b8174ac809" ID-PMC="PMC3088314" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-55-1" ID-PubMed="21594167" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-55-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 55" ModsDocTitle="Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America" checkinTime="1451251020634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gary A. P., Gibson" docDate="2010" docId="B7BFBAB4BA0FFCD877EDCA6AEDC9FD7F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 55: 1-75" docOrigin="ZooKeys 55" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490" docTitle="Calosota aestivalis Curtis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF9456530D10AC187F08FFB0FC42FFD0" masterDocTitle="Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) - review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668162435130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) - review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Gary A. P., Gibson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number>55</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authority="Curtis" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis Curtis</taxonomicName>
Figs 213, 143346556072
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Curtis, J" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" title="British Entomology; Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the genera of Insects Gound in Great Britain and Ireland." year="1836">Curtis 1836</bibRefCitation>
: folio 596. Type data: England: Southgate. Lectotype ♀ (MVMA; not examined), designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham 1969: 90-91</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosoter" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosoter vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosoter vernalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Magazine, London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="349 - 364" title="Monographia Chalciditum." volume="4" year="1837">Walker 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 359. Type data: England: near London; Ireland: Holywood. Syntypes, ♀ and ♂ (BMNH, type no. 5.1621; not examined). Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham 1969: 90-91</bibRefCitation>
. Homonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Curtis, J" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" title="British Entomology; Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the genera of Insects Gound in Great Britain and Ireland." year="1836">Curtis (1836)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Calosota fumipennis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Bolivar y Pieltain, C" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Fitopatologia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="62 - 69" title="Estudios sobre Calcididos de la familia Eupelmidos. II. Especies espanolas de Calosota Curt." volume="1" year="1923">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
y Pieltain 1923
</bibRefCitation>
: 65-67. Type data: Spain: Villaviciosa de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Odón">Odon</normalizedToken>
. Holotype ♀ (MNCN; examined), by original designation. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey 2006: 89</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota septentrionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">Calosota septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="96 - 101" title="Studien ueber Chalcidoidea. II. Eine neue Calosota-Art aus Schweden nebst Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Arten." volume="77" year="1956">Hedqvist 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 96-97. Type data: Sweden: Fundort: Dalekarlien, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Älvdalen">Aelvdalen</normalizedToken>
1955. Holotype ♀ (K. Hedqvist personal collection; examined). syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 30-31. Holotype ♀ (USNM, type no. 72482; examined), by original designation. syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 31. Holotype ♀ (USNM, type no. 72483; examined), by original designation. syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
FEMALE (Figs 13, 33). Length about 3-6.5 mm. Color. Head (Fig. 2) variably dark greenish-blue to purple, including spot below anterior ocellus, but with 
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">more</pageBreakToken>
or less complete coppery or dark transverse band on vertex between inner orbits (Fig. 14) (sometimes reduced to large spot behind ocellar triangle and adjacent to each upper inner orbit) and with M-like coppery or dark region on upper face (region very rarely narrowly divided medially below anterior ocellus), with lateral arm of region usually extending dorsally to or toward posterior ocellus (sometimes filling ocellar triangle and rarely contiguous with transverse band on vertex) and ventrally abutting inner orbit. Maxillary and labial palpi dark. Antenna dark brown except scape sometimes with metallic luster similar to lower face. Tegula dark. Mesoscutum (Figs 13, 14) variably dark greenish-blue to purple similar to head except almost always with at least obscurely differentiated dark, coppery or greenish paramedial longitudinal bands (Fig. 13) (anteriorly each band sometimes subdivided into band occupying region between parapsidal line and notaulus, and narrower band extending posteriorly from anteroadmedian line, and posteriorly paramedial bands sometimes broadly contiguous); scutellar-axillar complex or at least scutellum mostly same color as mesoscutal paramedial bands, the axillae more commonly and often margins of scutellum similar in color to remaining mesoscutum. Acropleuron (Fig. 55) dark with slight coppery luster to variably greenish-blue or purple similar to most of head and mesoscutum. Legs (Fig. 33) mostly brown with knees, apices of tibiae, and at least basal tarsomeres of meso- and metatarsi yellowish, but usually tarsi more extensively yellowish and meso- and metatibiae sometimes also mostly or entirely yellowish-brown to yellowish. Fore wing hyaline or disc variably extensively and conspicuously infuscate; setae uniformly brown. Gaster (Fig. 33) usually dark brown with slight reddish-coppery luster under some angles of light or laterally partly blue to purple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Structure/setation. Head in dorsal view about 1.8−2.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long, with IOD about 0.33−0.45 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
head width, LOL at least slightly greater than and sometimes up to about 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
OOL and slightly less than to slightly greater than MPOD, and POL about 1.2−1.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
MPOD; in frontal view about 1.2−1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as high, with dorsal margin of torulus about at level of lower orbits; malar space about 0.5−0.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
eye height. Head (Fig. 2) with frontovertex and upper parascrobal region meshlike reticulate to about level of dorsal limit of interantennal region, medially the reticulations tapered ventrally between dorsal limits of smooth and shiny scrobes; lower parascrobal region and interantennal region much shallower meshlike reticulate to coriaceous-reticulate; clypeal region microcoriaceous to granular and paraclypeal region obliquely reticulate-alutaceous. Head sometimes with whitish setae except for bare scrobal depression but more commonly with brownish setae on frontovertex and more conspicuous white setae on parascrobal region, interantennal region and lower face. Antenna (Fig. 33) with scape about 4.6−5.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; pedicel about 2.5−3.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; flagellum variably distinctly clavate (funiculars all about same width and clava usually only slightly wider than funicle except if compressed) with length of flagellum + pedicel about 1.3−1.75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
head width; combined length of fu1 + fu2 about 1−1.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as pedicel; fu1 about 1.3−2.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; subsequent funiculars all longer than wide with fu2 about 2−3.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
and fu8 at least slightly and sometimes up to about 1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; clava often collapsed, but about as long as apical 2.5−3.5 funiculars. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Mesoscutum</pageBreakToken>
(Figs 13, 14, 72) more or less uniformly meshlike reticulate, with inconspicuous white setae; notaulus extending from spiracle as curved furrow on inclined anterior surface, its posterior limit contiguous dorsally with posterior limit of anteroadmedian line; parapsidal line usually quite a distinct region of microsculpture posterior to spiracle. Axillae elongate-triangular, separated by about 3−4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
own width (Fig. 72). Scutellum flat to low convex and at least slightly (up to about 1.2x) longer than wide; similarly reticulate as mesoscutum (Fig. 72); with inconspicuous white setae. Mesopleuron (Fig. 55) with exposed, bare lower mesepimeron; acropleuron variably deeply and distinctly meshlike reticulate anterior to oblique microsculptured region and longitudinally coriaceous-alutaceous posteriorly. Fore wing (Fig. 60) with cc: mv: stv: pmv about 40−60: 23−31: 10: 14−16, and perpendicular distance between apex of stigmal vein and anterior margin of wing usually about 0.7−0.8x, only very rarely up to about 9.5x, length of stigmal vein; basal cell entirely setose; cubital area bare except sometimes anteriorly near mediocubital fold, and up to about apical half closed by setae along posterior margin; disc setose except usually for short region of mediocubital fold just beyond basal fold or with variably broad and distinct, often lunate bare region along basal fold, the bare region sometimes continuous with cubital area. Metacoxa setose along dorsal, ventral and usually basal margins, but sometimes up to about basal third of outer surface setose. Propodeum with callus setose to posterior margin; bare anteriorly between spiracle and foramen. Gaster (Figs 13, 33) about 1.8−2.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as mesosoma; sparsely setose dorsally and more densely setose laterally with white to brownish hairlike setae; penultimate tergum with posterior margin extending to or slightly beyond level of syntergum; syntergum about 1.5−2.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as transcercal width, variably distinctly compressed depending on length, and about 0.7−1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as penultimate tergum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MALE (Fig. 46). Similar to female except as follows. Length about 2.5−3.8 mm. Color. Legs (Fig. 46) always extensively dark with knees and tarsi often yellowish but tibiae usually only slightly lighter apically; all males examined with M-like region on upper face and with lateral arms extending ventrally to inner orbits (Fig. 2); mesonotum more commonly (particularly smaller individuals) without distinct paramedial bands; fore wing disc often, but at most only very slightly infuscate.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Structure/setation. Antenna with scape more robust, only about 3.4−3.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; flagellum of smaller individuals sometimes more distinctly clavate, the funicle evenly widened toward clava; fu1 variably distinctly widened distally and sometimes only about as long as wide, but usually quite obviously (up to about 1.5x) longer than wide; fu2 about 1−1.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide or length of fu1; combined length of fu1 + fu2 about 0.65 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(smallest specimens) to about 1.25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of pedicel; and fu8 quadrate to slightly longer than wide. Fore wing venation similar to female with cc: mv: stv: pmv about 38−52: 22−31: 10: 13−14, and perpendicular distance between apex of stigmal vein and anterior margin of wing about 0.8−0.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of stigmal vein; basal cell and disc completely setose or sometimes disc with arcuate bare band along basal fold, but bare region only rarely continuous with cubital area. Propodeal callus sometimes setose to posterior margin, and then rarely with one or more setae anteriorly 
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">between</pageBreakToken>
spiracle and foramen, but more often setose only to level about equal with posterior margin of spiracle, with 1 or 2 setae often behind spiracle but bare anteriorly between spiracle and foramen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the type specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
were reared from an unidentified gall on 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
(lodgepole pine). The female from British Columbia labeled as reared from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Dioryctia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioryctia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dioryctia</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
) is a Forest Insect Survey specimen that very likely represents an incorrect host association; however, the California host record of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Anthaxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthaxia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthaxia</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName family="Buprestidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
) reared from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
(oak) is more likely correct even though coniferous trees such as 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
(pine) and 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudotsuga</taxonomicName>
(Douglas-fir) are more commonly indicated as tree associates in North America. 
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
listed several host species in Europe in 
<taxonomicName family="Anobiidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Anobiidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Cerambycidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Cleridae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
including 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scolytinae">Scolytinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
) emerging from 
<taxonomicName genus="Betulaceae" lsidName="Betulaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName genus="Fagaceae" lsidName="Fagaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName genus="Pinaceae" lsidName="Pinaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="Tamaricaceae" lsidName="Tamaricaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
. The cited records of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Trichodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichodes leucopsideus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopsideus">Trichodes leucopsideus</taxonomicName>
(Olivier) (
<taxonomicName family="Cleridae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
) and associated 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megachile</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Apidae</taxonomicName>
) are incorrect because of previous historical misidentification of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(see below and under 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
). All documented host records indicate 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
is a primary parasitoid (
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="regional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Regional material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(Map 2). CANADA. British Columbia: Anahim Lake to Redstone, 1000-1500 m., 17.VII.88, S&amp;J Peck (1♂ CNC). Beaverdell, 7.VII.61, FIS (Forest Insect Survey), 60-8056-01, ex. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Dioryctria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioryctria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dioryctria</taxonomicName>
sp. (1♀ CNC). Brookmere, 21.VII.33, K. Graham (1♀ CNC, CNC Photo 2009-47). Kaslo, 24.VI.03, R.P. Currie (1♂ USNM). O.K. Centre, 2.V.30, 17461 Lot1, A.C. Thrupp (1♀ CNC, CNC Photo 2009-44). Manitoba: Onah, 10.VII.84, R.M. White, Tamarack (1♀ CNC). Quebec: Gatineau Pk, Ridge Rd, 27. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
10.VI.6[?] (1♀ CNC). Pontiac, Eardley, 5.VI.91, S. Laplante (1♀ CNC, CNC Photo 2009-16). USA. California: Argus Mts, V.1891 (1♂ paratype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiventris">Calosota longiventris</taxonomicName>
, USNM). Santa Cruz Mts, antenna on slide (1♂ USNM). Kern Co., Glennville, em. III, IV.67, J.W. Tilden (1♀ CNC Photo 2009-20, 1♂ EMEC). Marin Co., Lagunitas, 14.VII.28, E.H. Nast (1♀ EMEC). Mendocino Co., NCCRP, 3 mi. E Branscomb, 1400', 21-23.V.82, C. Besette (1♀ EMEC, CNC Photo 2009-19). Montery Co., Santa Lucia Mts, Junipero Serra Pk, on peak ca. 5800', 27, 28 (CNC Photo 2009-17).VIII, 4.IX.56, 4.IV, 16.V.57, H.B. Leech, ex. dead branches 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus coulteri" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coulteri">Pinus coulteri</taxonomicName>
(1♀, 4♂ CASC). Napa Co., 2 mi. NNE Angwin, N side Howell Mt., 1300', 17, 20.V.76, R.R. Leech, ex. log 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziessii" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziessii">Pseudotsuga menziessii</taxonomicName>
(2♂ CASC); Butts Cyn Rd, 0.5 mi. S Snell Valley Rd, 11, 15 (CNC Photo 2009-18), 17, 23, 29.IV.78, R.B. Leech, ex. dead branches 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sabiniana" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabiniana">Pinus sabiniana</taxonomicName>
(1♀, 4♂ CASC). San Bernardino Co., Burns 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piñon">Pinon</normalizedToken>
Ridge Reserve, 1260 m., 34°08'57N; 116°27'11W, 21-23.V.05, K. Will et al. (2♀ RLZC), 23.V.05, R.L. Zuparko, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Chilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chilopsis linearis subsp. arcuata" order="Lamiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="linearis" subSpecies="arcuata">Chilopsis linearis arcuata</taxonomicName>
(2♀ RLZC). San Luis Obispo Co., 6 mi. SE Poso, R16E, T315, sects. 4-5, 1800', 2. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
4.V.89 (1♂ CNC), 1500', 23. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
4.V.89 (1♀, CNC), W.E. Wahl. Shasta Co., 2 mi. W Shingletown, 2750', 15-20.VII. 85, R. Miller, damp open meadow with Rush (
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juncus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juncus</taxonomicName>
) and wild flower along stream in pine forest (1♂ FSCA). Siskiyou Co., Yreka, 4820 
<normalizedToken originalValue="a’">a'</normalizedToken>
Hopk. U.S., reared, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
, probably ex. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Anthaxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthaxia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthaxia</taxonomicName>
(1♀ USNM). Tulare Co., Tulare, 20.III.75, emerged 10.IV.75 (1♂ CDFA). Ventura Co., 25.IV.05, 2771 Hopk. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">U</pageBreakToken>
.S., bred, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
(1♀ USNM). Idaho: Craters of the Moon Nat. Mon., summer '64, reared from 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus flexilis" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexilis">Pinus flexilis</taxonomicName>
(1♀ USNM). Latah Co., Moscow, Paradise Ridge, 3000', 9.V.31, P. Rice (1♂ USNM). Montana: Granite Co., Rock Creek, 10 (allotype), 11 (holotype).II.69, from unidentified gall on 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
, by J. G. Bringuel (♀ holotype, ♂ allotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
). New Hampshire: Carroll Co., Albany, 2.VII.58, W.J. Morse (♀ holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
). North Carolina: Northhampton Co., 7 km. S Jackson, 23. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="IX–">IX-</normalizedToken>
15.XI.87, bald cypress swamp, BRC Hym. team (1♂ CNC). Oklahoma: Latimer Co., Red Oak, IX.90, K. Stephan (1♀ CNC). Virginia: Fairfax Co., near Annandale, 1-17.IV.90, D.R. Smith (1♂ CNC).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Map 2. Regional distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
listed several countries in the Palaearctic region; I saw specimens from Corsica (CNC SEM 2009-48, ZSMC), Cyprus (NMPC), England (BMNH), France (BMNH, CNC), Jordan (CNC), Morocco (CNC), Slovakia (CNC), Spain (CNC) and Sweden (CNC). Its extensive, apparently transcontinental distribution (Map 2) and morphological variability in North America (see further below) suggest that it has been present in the region for a long time as a naturally occurring Holarctic species. Its presence in North America for a long time may also be 
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">supported</pageBreakToken>
by head sculpture pattern, which is shared with four other similar species in North America (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bicolorata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolorata">Calosota bicolorata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota elongata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Calosota elongata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiventris">Calosota longiventris</taxonomicName>
), but not with any other species in at least Western Europe. This suggests that 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
may be more closely related to the four North American species than it is to any species from Western Europe. This hypothesis needs be tested through phylogenetic or molecular analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973: 31)</bibRefCitation>
inadvertently published the binomen 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Cecidostiba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidostiba montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Cecidostiba montana</taxonomicName>
as the name of his new species preceding its description. However, this certainly was an unintentional printing error based on the title of the paper, proper generic placement of the species in the abstract and key, and other typographical errors in the type locality and type sections of the preceding description of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The concept of the names 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
were incorrectly reversed in the literature beginning with 
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Magazine, London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="349 - 364" title="Monographia Chalciditum." volume="4" year="1837">Walker (1837)</bibRefCitation>
until corrected by 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
. Although I did not examine the lectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
, my concept of this name is based on the keys of 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
plus authoritatively identified specimens in the collections listed above. I examined the holotype female of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota septentrionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">Calosota septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
in 1984 and at that time considered that it probably was a synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
, noting that the vertex was reticulate in both. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="96 - 101" title="Studien ueber Chalcidoidea. II. Eine neue Calosota-Art aus Schweden nebst Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Arten." volume="77" year="1956">Hedqvist (1956)</bibRefCitation>
compared his new species to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis)</taxonomicName>
and differentiated the latter species from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota septentrionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">Calosota septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Calosota fumipennis</taxonomicName>
based on the fore wing being either yellowish or more or less infuscate, respectively. 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
noted that European females of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
often have the fore wings partly infuscate, which is the form that 
<bibRefCitation author="Bolivar y Pieltain, C" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Fitopatologia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="62 - 69" title="Estudios sobre Calcididos de la familia Eupelmidos. II. Especies espanolas de Calosota Curt." volume="1" year="1923">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
y Pieltain (1923)
</bibRefCitation>
described as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Calosota fumipennis</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="96 - 101" title="Studien ueber Chalcidoidea. II. Eine neue Calosota-Art aus Schweden nebst Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Arten." volume="77" year="1956">Hedqvist (1956)</bibRefCitation>
differentiated 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota septentrionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">Calosota septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Calosota fumipennis</taxonomicName>
on color differences as well as equally variable differences in the ratios of the marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins, but stated specifically that 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota septentrionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">Calosota septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
has paramedial longitudinal greenish-bronze bands on the mesoscutum. Based on this color pattern, head sculpture pattern, and other features 
<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="96 - 101" title="Studien ueber Chalcidoidea. II. Eine neue Calosota-Art aus Schweden nebst Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Arten." volume="77" year="1956">Hedqvist (1956)</bibRefCitation>
used in his key to differentiate species, I hereby synonymize 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota septentrionalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">Calosota septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
under 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
syn. n., as was done previously for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Calosota fumipennis</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that another European name, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Bolivar y Pieltain, C" journalOrPublisher="EOS" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 142" title="Estudio monografico de las especies espanolas del genero Calosota Curtis (Hym. Chalc.)." volume="5" year="1929">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
y Pieltain (1929)
</bibRefCitation>
, whose unique female holotype had been lost from its mount in MNCN, might also be a synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
. They refrained from formalizing the synonymy because of some significant discrepancies between the original description of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
and specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
. Based on its original description, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
more likely is a synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
than 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
. The description of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
states that the head had a transverse coppery band behind the ocelli as well as a coppery band extending from each posterior ocellus to surround the anterior ocellus ventrally and widen on the upper face to about its mid height. This color pattern describes very accurately the color pattern of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2) but not 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 1), which has the frontovertex mostly dark. The described bluish-black femora and brownish-black tibiae except for the knees and apex of the tibiae and very slightly infuscate fore wings also more strongly suggest 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33) than 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">keyed</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
along with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
, primarily because the original description states that the distance between the eyes was the same as the width of an eye. Description of head sculpture for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
(weakly shagreened dorsally and face strongly shagreened, almost scale-like) might also be interpreted as descriptive of the head sculpture of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
(see under this species), but the acropleuron is described as being very shagreened over its basal two-fifths, especially dorsally. This is characteristic of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 55) but not 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 54), which suggests description of the head sculpture actually referred to a somewhat coarser reticulate sculpture below than above the anterior ocellus that is also typical of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2). As noted by 
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, described shape and width of its axillae, which 
<bibRefCitation author="Bolivar y Pieltain, C" journalOrPublisher="EOS" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 142" title="Estudio monografico de las especies espanolas del genero Calosota Curtis (Hym. Chalc.)." volume="5" year="1929">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
y Pieltain (1929)
</bibRefCitation>
used as key features to differentiate 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Calosota fumipennis)</taxonomicName>
from other Spanish 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calosota</taxonomicName>
, also contradicts the possibility of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
being synonymous with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
. The features used to distinguish 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Bolivar y Pieltain, C" journalOrPublisher="EOS" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 142" title="Estudio monografico de las especies espanolas del genero Calosota Curtis (Hym. Chalc.)." volume="5" year="1929">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
y Pieltain (1929)
</bibRefCitation>
(anellus only about one-third longer than wide versus twice as long as wide and syntergum twice as long versus only about as long as wide) certainly are within the range of variation noted for North American specimens I identify as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
. It seems likely that 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
, but I hesitate to formalize the synonymy prior to a more comprehensive revision of Spanish and European 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calosota</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
When 
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973: 31)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
he stated that it &quot;greatly resembles the European species vernalis Curtis&quot;, but it is apparent he was still misinterpreting the name 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
in the sense of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
based on other features listed as shared between &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Calosota vernalis</taxonomicName>
&quot; and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
. The presence or absence of longitudinal banding on the mesoscutum (cf. Figs 13, 14), shading on the fore wing, and a bare region on the fore wing disc adjacent to the basal fold were all used by 
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973)</bibRefCitation>
to differentiate 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
(western USA: Montana) from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
(eastern USA: New Hampshire). Based on observation of more material, females with infuscate wings normally have the disc more or less uniformly setose to the basal cell whereas females with hyaline wings typically have a more definite bare band adjacent to the basal fold, but all the features used by 
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973)</bibRefCitation>
to differentiate 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
appear to be present in different combinations, including structure of the stigma and uncus. 
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973, fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
partly characterized the holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
as having an enlarged stigma with a long, slender uncus. The holotypes of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
are both similar to European females of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
in having the stigmal vein comparatively long and at an acute angle to the postmarginal vein such that the perpendicular distance between its apex and the anterior margin of the wing is only about 0.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its length (Fig. 60). Both holotypes also have an M-like region differentiated on the upper face (cf. Fig. 2) as well as at least an obscurely differentiated transverse region on the vertex (Fig. 14), and the marginal vein is only about 2.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the stigmal vein (cf. Fig. 60). I consider the morphological differences between the type material of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
to represent intraspecific variation in one quite variable and widely distributed species in North America and therefore synonymize both 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota kentra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kentra">Calosota kentra</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">Calosota montana</taxonomicName>
under 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
syn. n. However, I also describe a new species, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
, based on females 
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">that</pageBreakToken>
are morphologically very similar to some females I include in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
except for relative length of the marginal vein and, usually, a somewhat differently structured stigmal vein. Furthermore, the single female from Oklahoma (Map 2) that I include in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
is intermediate in some features between those I identify as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
. In addition to having distinctly infuscate fore wings and an obvious bare band adjacent to the basal cell, the Oklahoma female is unusual in having a comparatively short and straight stigmal vein (perpendicular length from its apex to anterior margin of wing almost equal to its length) and an unusually long costal cell and marginal vein as compared to other females I identify as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
. The Oklahoma female has the marginal vein about 3.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
and the costal cell about 6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the stigmal vein compared to up to about 2.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
and up to about 4.8x, respectively, for other 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
females. Females of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
have a shorter and more obtusely angled stigmal vein such that the marginal vein is at least about 3.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the stigmal vein and stigmal vein length is subequal to the distance from its apex to the anterior margin of the wing. Although the paramedial bands on the mesoscutum of the Oklahoma female are also somewhat obscurely differentiated it has quite a distinct M-like coppery region on the upper face. The combination of features of the Oklahoma female suggests the possibility of introgression or a morphological cline in what I identify as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
. The southeastern Oklahoma origin of the aberrant female, between the known distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
(Florida to southwestern Texas) and what appears to be a more northern transcontinental and further eastern (California) distribution for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
(Map 2), might also support a hypothesis of introgression or morphological cline. However, if females I describe as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
represent only a highly modified southern form of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
in North America then 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
is far more variable in North America than in Europe. Collection of males with females in the known range of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longivena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longivena">Calosota longivena</taxonomicName>
could help clarify morphological limits and species status, as could molecular analysis of specimens from throughout North America and Europe. Males I identify as 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
are most similar to those of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota longiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiventris">Calosota longiventris</taxonomicName>
(see further under latter species and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bicolorata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolorata">Calosota bicolorata</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>