treatments-xml/data/74/24/10/74241026BF0AFF828741FBACFB15F9CD.xml

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<mods:title id="114E8B965CC2A5C6BCFED404233F3353">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical termite genera Labiotermes Holmgren and Paracornitermes Emerson (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF0AFF9C8741FBACFD0DFBAD" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[264,666,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Labiotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
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<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8741FBACFD97FBAD" bold="true" box="[264,512,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Labiotermes labralis</emphasis>
(Holmgren)
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<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8741FB17FE71FB65" box="[264,486,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cornitermes labralis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C87A4FB16FD37FB66" author="Holmgren" box="[493,672,1158,1181]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Holmgren, N. (1906) Studien uber sudamerikanische Termiten. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abt. Systematik, 23 (5), 521 - 676." type="journal article" year="1906">Holmgren, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 553
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–557, 657–658 [imago (Fig. N), soldier (Fig. 
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), worker (Fig. P), nest]; 
<treatmentCitation id="7D2C8721BF0AFF9C879EFB36FD22FB46" author="Holmgren" box="[471,693,1190,1213]" page="175" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C879EFB36FD15FB46" author="Holmgren" box="[471,642,1190,1213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Holmgren, N. (1909) Termitenstudien 1. Anatomische Untersuchungen. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 44 (3), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="1909">Holmgren 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 175
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, 193 [morphology, Fig. 65]; 
<treatmentCitation id="7D2C8721BF0AFF9C85ACFB36FB22FB46" author="Holmgren" box="[997,1205,1190,1213]" page="50" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C85ACFB36FB07FB46" author="Holmgren" box="[997,1168,1190,1213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Holmgren, N. (1912) Termitenstudien 3. Systematik der Termiten. Die Familie Metatermitidae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 48 (4), 1 - 166." type="journal article" year="1912">Holmgren 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 50
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(
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<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C828FFB37FEF6FB25" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cornitermes</emphasis>
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subgenus 
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<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8797FB57FDF4FB25" box="[478,611,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Labiotermes</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="7D2C8721BF0AFF9C84C9FB56FCC3FB26" author="Sjostedt" box="[640,852,1222,1245]" page="150" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C84C9FB56FC8BFB26" author="Sjostedt" box="[640,796,1222,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Sjostedt, Y. (1926) Revision der Termiten Afrikas. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 3 (1), 1 - 419." type="journal article" year="1926">Sjöstedt 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 150
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF0AFF9C8520FB57FC5AFB25" box="[873,973,1223,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8520FB57FC5AFB25" box="[873,973,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eutermes</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="7D2C8721BF0AFF9C85A2FB56FABCFB26" author="Emerson" box="[1003,1323,1222,1245]" page="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C85A2FB56FB68FB26" author="Emerson" box="[1003,1279,1222,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Emerson, A. E. &amp; Banks, F. A. (1965) The neotropical genus Labiotermes (Holmgren): its phylogeny, distribution and ecology (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum Novitates, 2208, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Emerson &amp; Banks 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF0AFF9C8708FB77FE51FB05" box="[321,454,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Labiotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8708FB77FE51FB05" box="[321,454,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Labiotermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) [imago, soldier, 
<figureCitation id="64B6BDB5BF0AFF9C84CCFB76FD73FB06" box="[645,740,1254,1277]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3" captionStart-2="FIGURES 4" captionStartId-0="12.[264,383,1582,1606]" captionStartId-1="14.[264,382,1778,1802]" captionStartId-2="16.[264,383,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1314,527,1560]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1323,1006,1754]" captionTargetBox-2="[290,1299,1196,1821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[269,1364,526,1562]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[264,1323,1006,1754]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[282,1302,1196,1821]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="FIGURES 2. Labiotermes emersoni. Soldier from Minas Gerais: A, head in dorsal view; B, pronotum in dorsal view; C, head in profile; D, pronotum in posterior view; E, right front leg; F, postmentum. Soldier from Rondonia: G, head in profile. Imago: H, head in dorsal view; I, pronotum; J, head in profile; K, antenna. Worker: L, head in dorsal view; M, thorax; N, head in profile; O, right front leg. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 3. Labiotermes guasu, new species. Soldier: A, head in dorsal view; B, pronotum in dorsal view; C, pronotum in posterior view; D, head in profile; E, postmentum; F, right front leg. Worker: G, head in dorsal view; H, thorax; I, head in profile; J, right front leg. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 4. Labiotermes labralis. Soldier: A, head in dorsal view; B, head in profile. Worker: C, head in dorsal view; C, thorax; D, head in profile; E, right front leg. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174376/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174377/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 2–4</figureCitation>
]; 
<treatmentCitation id="7D2C8721BF0AFF9C84BFFB76FC5CFB06" author="Mathews" box="[758,971,1254,1277]" page="207" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C84BFFB76FC0FFB06" author="Mathews" box="[758,920,1254,1277]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 207
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–208 [nest (Pl. 45), enteric valve (Pl. 48)]; 
<treatmentCitation id="7D2C8721BF0AFF9C87D6FA96FDC1FAE6" author="Noirot" box="[415,598,1286,1309]" page="439" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C87D6FA96FDB3FAE6" author="Noirot" box="[415,548,1286,1309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Noirot, C. (2001) The gut of termites (Isoptera). Comparative anatomy, systematics, phylogeny. II. Higher termites (Termitidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 37 (4), 431 - 471." type="journal article" year="2001">Noirot 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 439
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[enteric valve, fig. 7­D].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF0AFF9C8741FAD6FA96FA9A" blockId="15.[264,1323,1350,1897]" box="[264,1281,1350,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8741FAD6FE1AFA9B" bold="true" box="[264,397,1350,1376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="23361F92BF0AFF9C8741FAD6FE1FFA9B" box="[264,392,1350,1376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
soldier, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C84D5FAD7FC2EFA9A" author="Emerson" box="[668,953,1351,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Emerson, A. E. &amp; Banks, F. A. (1965) The neotropical genus Labiotermes (Holmgren): its phylogeny, distribution and ecology (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum Novitates, 2208, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Emerson &amp; Banks 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 19 (NHRS), not examined.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8771FAFEFE73FA73" bold="true" box="[312,484,1390,1416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type­locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF0AFF9C87A2FAFFFDB2FA72" box="[491,549,1391,1417]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Chaquimayo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF0AFF9C8771FA06FECFF9D2" blockId="15.[264,1323,1350,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8771FA06FE21FA4B" bold="true" box="[312,438,1430,1456]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synonym:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF0AFF9C878AFA07FC19FA4A" authority="Emerson" authorityName="Emerson" box="[451,910,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Labiotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="labralis" subSpecies="boreus">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C878AFA07FC8EFA4B" box="[451,793,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Labiotermes labralis boreus</emphasis>
Emerson
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C8581FA07FBFFFA4A" author="Snyder" box="[968,1128,1431,1457]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Snyder, T. E. (1949) Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the World. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 112, 1 - 490." type="journal article" year="1949">Snyder 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 334); 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C828AFA07FED0FA22" author="Emerson" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Emerson, A. E. (1925) The termites from Kartabo, Bartica District, Guyana. Zoologica, 6 (4), 291 - 459." type="journal article" year="1925">Emerson 1925</bibRefCitation>
: 363–365 (as 
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF0AFF9C87B7FA2FFD6DFA23" box="[510,762,1471,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C87B7FA2FFD6DFA23" box="[510,762,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cornitermes labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) [imago, soldier, Fig. 47]. 
<typeStatus id="23361F92BF0AFF9C821EFA2FFB5EFA22" box="[1111,1225,1471,1497]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: soldier (AMNH). Type­locality: 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF0AFF9C8478FA77FD18F9FA" box="[561,655,1511,1537]" name="Guyana" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, Kartabo. Synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C8590FA77FB6DF9FA" author="Emerson" box="[985,1274,1511,1537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Emerson, A. E. &amp; Banks, F. A. (1965) The neotropical genus Labiotermes (Holmgren): its phylogeny, distribution and ecology (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum Novitates, 2208, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Emerson &amp; Banks 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 12, 18–19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF0AFF9C8771F9A6FD42F982" blockId="15.[264,1323,1350,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8771F9A6FE18F9AB" bold="true" box="[312,399,1590,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Imago.</emphasis>
Described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C8543F9A7FBABF9AA" author="Emerson" box="[778,1084,1591,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Emerson, A. E. &amp; Banks, F. A. (1965) The neotropical genus Labiotermes (Holmgren): its phylogeny, distribution and ecology (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum Novitates, 2208, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Emerson &amp; Banks 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 13–15. Additional measurements are presented in 
<tableCitation id="B10F948BBF0AFF9C843EF9CFFD58F982" box="[631,719,1631,1657]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[272,1310,409,646]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of imagos of Labiotermes. WH = width of head; LH = length of head; WP = width of pronotum; LT = length of hind tibia; LP = length of pronotum; DE = diameter of eye; LOc = length of ocelus; n = number of specimens measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8F2F1B8BF0DFF9B8741FE8BFC16FE83" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="A8F2F1B8BF0DFF9B8741FE8BFC16FE83">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF0AFF9C8771F916FD42F932" blockId="15.[264,1323,1350,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8771F916FE05F95B" bold="true" box="[312,402,1670,1696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Soldier</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="64B6BDB5BF0AFF9C87EBF917FE64F95A" box="[418,499,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="16.[264,383,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[290,1299,1196,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[282,1302,1196,1821]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 4. Labiotermes labralis. Soldier: A, head in dorsal view; B, head in profile. Worker: C, head in dorsal view; C, thorax; D, head in profile; E, right front leg. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A–B, 11D). Described by 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF0AFF9C8560F917FBDFF95A" author="Emerson" box="[809,1096,1671,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Emerson, A. E. &amp; Banks, F. A. (1965) The neotropical genus Labiotermes (Holmgren): its phylogeny, distribution and ecology (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum Novitates, 2208, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1965">Emerson &amp; Banks 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 15–18. Additional measurements are presented in 
<tableCitation id="B10F948BBF0AFF9C843EF93FFD46F932" box="[631,721,1711,1737]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[264,352,438,462]" captionTargetBox="[272,1275,606,1099]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of soldiers of Labiotermes. WH = width of head; LH = length of head; LM = length of left mandible; LT = length of hind tibia; WP = width of pronotum; n = number of specimens measured .. L. laticephalus has two soldiers: major (1) and minor (2)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8F2F1B8BF0CFF9A8741FE26FBCCFDE8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="A8F2F1B8BF0CFF9A8741FE26FBCCFDE8">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF0AFF9C8771F946FE66F892" blockId="15.[264,1323,1350,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C8771F946FE72F90B" bold="true" box="[312,485,1750,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comparisons.</emphasis>
The soldier of 
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF0AFF9C84EDF947FCB6F90B" box="[676,801,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF0AFF9C84EDF947FCB6F90B" box="[676,801,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L. labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the small number of hairs on the head, absence of a projection on the front coxa and the very large and sclerotized labrum with two bristles near tip. The head capsule is also more rounded than in the other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF15FF838771FE8BFC3CFDDD" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF838771FE8BFE0FFECE" bold="true" box="[312,408,283,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Worker</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="64B6BDB5BF15FF8387F9FE8CFD9CFECD" box="[432,523,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="16.[264,383,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[290,1299,1196,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[282,1302,1196,1821]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 4. Labiotermes labralis. Soldier: A, head in dorsal view; B, head in profile. Worker: C, head in dorsal view; C, thorax; D, head in profile; E, right front leg. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174378/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="64B6BDB5BF15FF838457FE8CFDACFECD" box="[542,571,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="30.[264,383,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[282,1311,318,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[281,1315,316,1785]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 13. Worker mandibles. A, Labiotermes brevilabius; B, L. emersoni; C, L. guasu, new species; D, L. labralis; E, L. laticephalus; F, L. leptothrix; G, L. longilabius; H, L. oreadicus, new species; I, L. orthocephalus; J, L. pelliceus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174387/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">13</figureCitation>
D, 14B, 15G–H, 16D). Head capsule with very few, sparse bristles. Postclypeus with 2 bristles. Pronotum with a row of bristles on anterior margin and no bristles on posterior margin. Mesonotum without bristles. Front coxa without a lateral projection near base. Antenna with 15–16 articles. Fontanelle large and oval. Enteric valve with 4 ridges, 3 large and a very small one, covered with short spines. Mixed segment with two elongate mesenteric lobes; large one with a broad tip; small lobe about half the length of the large one. Measurements in 
<tableCitation id="B10F948BBF15FF838504FD9CFC32FDDD" box="[845,933,524,550]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[272,1305,417,825]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of workers of Labiotermes. WH = width of head; LT = length of hind tibia; WP = width of pronotum; n = number of specimens measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8F2F1B8BF0FFF998741FE8BFC43FEAE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="A8F2F1B8BF0FFF998741FE8BFC43FEAE">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF15FF838771FDA3FB04FD3D" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF838771FDA3FE72FDB6" bold="true" box="[312,485,563,589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comparisons.</emphasis>
The worker of 
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF15FF8384EFFDA4FCB4FDB6" box="[678,803,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF8384EFFDA4FCB4FDB6" box="[678,803,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the small number of hairs on the head and the absence of a projection on anterior coxa. The most similar species in external morphology is 
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF15FF8384E4FD14FC81FD66" box="[685,790,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Labiotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guasu">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF8384E4FD14FC81FD66" box="[685,790,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. guasu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is conspicuously larger. The enteric valve is also distinct from all other species, with 3 large ridges and one small.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B497F2BBBF15FF838771FD44FBEEFC25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF15FF838771FD44FC8EFCC5" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF838771FD44FE26FD15" bold="true" box="[312,433,724,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF15FF8387F1FD44FD67FD15" author="Mathews" box="[440,752,724,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews (1977: 207–208)</bibRefCitation>
mentions only 3 plates in the enteric valve of 
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF15FF83835AFD44FEF4FCEE" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF83835AFD44FEF4FCEE" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the small plate is visible in his figure (page 233, Plate 48), and is also clearly visible in Noirot’s (2001: 439) figure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF15FF838771FCDCFBEEFC25" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF838771FCDCFE05FC9D" bold="true" box="[312,402,844,870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Habits.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF15FF8387D5FCDCFD8EFC9E" box="[412,537,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF8387D5FCDCFD8EFC9E" box="[412,537,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs only in rainforest. It builds a large, dark, arboreal nest of irregular shape, made with a mixture of soil and fecal material. The internal surface is sculptured in a peculiar pattern, described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF15FF838581FC0CFEA5FC25" author="Mathews" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews (1977: 208 and plate 45)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="981CDCC1BF15FF838774FC54FDFCFC25" author="Martius" box="[317,619,964,990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refString="Martius, C. &amp; Ribeiro, J. D. (1996) Colony populations and biomass in nests of the Amazonian forest termite Anoplotermes banksi Emerson (Isoptera: Termitidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 31 (2), 82 - 86." type="journal article" year="1996">Martius &amp; Ribeiro (1996)</bibRefCitation>
report a density of 10 nests/ha near Manaus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B497F2BBBF15FF838771FC7CFC6EFB85" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF15FF838771FC7CFC6EFB85" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF838771FC7CFD1FFBFD" bold="true" box="[312,648,1004,1030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF15FF8384DBFC7CFC87FBFE" box="[658,784,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cornitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF8384DBFC7CFC87FBFE" box="[658,784,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the whole Amazon region, and is also found in 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF15FF8387EFFB84FD9DFBD5" box="[422,522,1044,1070]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
and in the Brazilian Atlantic forest as far south as 21S (
<figureCitation id="64B6BDB5BF15FF8382D9FB84FB72FBD5" box="[1168,1253,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 19" captionStartId="36.[264,383,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,766,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[278,1309,766,1769]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 19. Geographic distribution of Labiotermes labralis and L. longilabius. The double symbol indicates the respective type­locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174393/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). The absence of records from 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF15FF838464FBACFD19FBAD" box="[557,654,1084,1110]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
is probably due to lack of collecting. The distribution is apparently disjunct between the Amazon and the Atlantic forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A8F2F1B8BF15FF838741F8A3FB2FF895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174378/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[290,1299,1196,1821]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF15FF838741F8A3FB2FF895" blockId="16.[264,1323,1843,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF838741F8A3FE0EF8B0" bold="true" box="[264,409,1843,1867]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURES 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B8DDAB3BF15FF8387E8F8A4FD17F8B0" box="[417,640,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Labiotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labralis">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF15FF8387E8F8A4FD17F8B0" box="[417,640,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Labiotermes labralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Soldier: A, head in dorsal view; B, head in profile. Worker: C, head in dorsal view; C, thorax; D, head in profile; E, right front leg. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B497F2BBBF14FF828771FE8BFB15F9CD" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF14FF828771FE8BFDB2FECE" blockId="17.[264,1323,283,1590]" box="[312,549,283,309]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828771FE8BFDB2FECE" bold="true" box="[312,549,283,309]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC32A130BF14FF828771FED3FB15F9CD" blockId="17.[264,1323,283,1590]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF828771FED3FE3FFEA6" box="[312,424,323,349]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828771FED3FE3FFEA6" bold="true" box="[312,424,323,349]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BRAZIL</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF8287FEFED4FD9DFEA6" box="[439,522,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amapá</emphasis>
. Curiau: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82848AFED4FCACFEA5" box="[707,827,324,350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1989-10-18">18.x.1989</date>
, R. Constantino (MPEG­3176). Mazagão: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828712FEFCFE44FE7D" box="[347,467,364,390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1989-10-20">20.x.1989</date>
, R. Constantino (MPEG­3179). Oiapoque: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828227FEFCFB73FE7D" box="[1134,1252,364,390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1979-05-01">01.v.1979</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­0653). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828470FE04FD26FE56" box="[569,689,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amazonas</emphasis>
. Anavilhanas: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8285F4FE04FBACFE55" box="[957,1083,404,430]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1981-04-17">17.iv.1981</date>
, A.E. Mill (MZSP­ 10467). Humaitá: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828471FE2CFD20FE2D" box="[568,695,444,470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1990-09-13">13.ix.1990</date>
, R. Constantino (MPEG­3682). Manaus: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82834DFE2CFE1FFE05" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-09-07" valueMax="1978-09-08" valueMin="1978-09-07">07­ 08.ix.1978</date>
, P. Howse (MPEG­485, 489); s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828500FE74FC51FE05" box="[841,966,484,510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1979-04-06">06.iv.1979</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­609); s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828718FD9CFE5EFDDD" box="[337,457,524,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1998-10-06">06.x.1998</date>
, R.L. Abreu (UnB­2629). Manaus, Reserva Ducke: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8282ECFD9CFAB1FDDD" box="[1189,1318,524,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1990-09-01">01.ix.1990</date>
, F.B. Apolinário (UnB­3630). Manaus, Rodovia ZF­3: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8285AFFDA4FBC9FDB5" box="[998,1118,564,590]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1999-10-09">09.x.1999</date>
, T. Miura (UnB­ 1593). Rio Negro: s., w., no date, H.R. Coles (UnB­1076). Itacoatiara, Fazenda Aruanã: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828737FD14FDB4FD65" box="[382,547,644,670]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1977-04-23" valueMax="1977-04-30" valueMin="1977-04-23">23­30.iv.1977</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­091, 163, 260). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF82820DFD14FB1DFD66" box="[1092,1162,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bahia</emphasis>
. Ilháus: w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828741FD3CFE10FD3D" box="[264,391,684,710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2000-11-16">16.xi.2000</date>
, E.M Cancello (
<collectionCode id="9A9C39F5BF14FF828417FD3CFD26FD3D" box="[606,689,684,710]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MZSP</collectionCode>
). Monte Pascoal: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8285BBFD3CFB15FD3D" box="[1010,1154,684,710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1974-08-08">08.viii.1974</date>
, R.L. Araujo (MZSP­5460). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828789FD44FDF9FD16" box="[448,622,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Espírito Santo</emphasis>
. Linhares: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8285C4FD44FC6AFD15" box="[909,1021,724,750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1993-01-28">28.i.1993</date>
, E.M. Cancello (MZSP­ 9811). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828715FD6CFE62FCEE" box="[348,501,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mato Grosso</emphasis>
. Ique­Juruena: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8284B7FD6CFCE9FCED" box="[766,894,764,790]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1980-09-27">27.ix.1980</date>
, A.E. Mill (MZSP­10463). Juruena, Rohden Lignea: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82845EFCB4FD08FCC5" box="[535,671,804,830]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-07-03">03.vii.2002</date>
, R. Constantino (UnB­3331). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF82824BFCB4FB35FCC6" box="[1026,1186,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Minas Gerais</emphasis>
. Viçosa: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82877DFCDCFE3AFC9D" box="[308,429,844,870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-02-19">19.ii.2002</date>
, C. Galbiati (UnB­5552). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF8284A2FCDCFCB1FC9E" box="[747,806,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pará</emphasis>
. Cachoeira do Arari: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828236FCDCFA96FC9D" box="[1151,1281,844,870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1989-03-09">09.iii.1989</date>
, R. Constantino (MPEG­3025). Paragominas: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828525FCE4FC7CFC75" box="[876,1003,884,910]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1990-06-27">27.vi.1990</date>
, R. Constantino (MPEG­ 3515). Parque Nacional da Amazonia: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82857AFC0CFC54FC4D" box="[819,963,924,950]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-08-19">19.viii.1978</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­394). Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8284AAFC54FCFCFC25" box="[739,875,964,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2000-07-30">30.vii.2000</date>
, A.N.S. Acioli (UnB­5518). Novo Progresso, Serra do Cachimbo: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82854FFC7CFC11FBFD" box="[774,902,1004,1030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2003-09-18">18.ix.2003</date>
, R. Constantino (UnB­3892). Serra dos Carajás: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82845CFB84FD31FBD5" box="[533,678,1044,1070]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1985-08-01">01.viii.1985</date>
, C.R.F. Brandão (MZSP­8709). Taperinha: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828741FBACFE16FBAD" box="[264,385,1084,1110]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1968-02-03">03.ii.1968</date>
, unknown collector (MZSP­1888). Tucurui: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828229FBACFB49FBAD" box="[1120,1246,1084,1110]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1979-04-21">21.iv.1979</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­0628). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828477FBF4FD09FB86" box="[574,670,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paraíba</emphasis>
. Areia: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828528FBF4FC7EFB85" box="[865,1001,1124,1150]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1998-12-28">28.xii.1998</date>
, A. Vasconcellos (DSEC­ 1216). João Pessoa: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82841CFB1CFD5AFB5D" box="[597,717,1164,1190]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1993-10-08">08.x.1993</date>
, J.C.D. Pereira (DSEC­142). Quebrangulo: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF82870AFB24FE23FB35" box="[323,436,1204,1230]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2001-01-26">26.i.2001</date>
, A. Vasconcellos (
<collectionCode id="9A9C39F5BF14FF8284D7FB24FD78FB35" box="[670,751,1204,1230]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n5i3-nfd8" name="Universidade Federal da Paraiba" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DSEC</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828541FB24FC09FB36" box="[776,926,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pernambuco</emphasis>
. Caruaru: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828235FB24FB6BFB35" box="[1148,1276,1204,1230]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1997-09-20">20.ix.1997</date>
, A. Vasconcellos (DSEC­1048). Recife: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828575FB4CFC3AFB0D" box="[828,941,1244,1270]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1980-01-29">29.i.1980</date>
, E.M. Cancello (MZSP­8019). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828741FA94FEEDFAE6" box="[264,378,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rondonia</emphasis>
. Guajará­Mirim: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8284EAFA94FC83FAE5" box="[675,788,1284,1310]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2001-01-18">18.i.2001</date>
, D.L. Bernardo (UnB­2728, 2729). Pimenta Bueno: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828785FABCFDC3FABD" box="[460,596,1324,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2000-07-17">17.vii.2000</date>
, 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF828423FABCFD15FABD" box="[618,642,1324,1350]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">O</collectingCountry>
. Kitade (UnB­2600). Vilhena: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828238FABCFB6EFABD" box="[1137,1273,1324,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2000-07-27">27.vii.2000</date>
, R. Constantino (UnB­2567). 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828475FAC4FD35FA96" box="[572,674,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Roraima</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF8284FAFAC4FD76FA95" box="[691,737,1364,1390]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ilha</collectingCountry>
de Maracá: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8285BEFAC4FBE0FA95" box="[1015,1143,1364,1390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-11-19">19.xi.1978</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­448); s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8287B6FAECFDE9FA6D" box="[511,638,1404,1430]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-11-21">21.xi.1978</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (MPEG­469); s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828221FAECFB70FA6D" box="[1128,1255,1404,1430]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-11-19">19.xi.1978</date>
, A.G. Bandeira (UnB­3536). 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF82845FFA34FC98FA45" box="[534,783,1444,1470]" name="French Guiana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF82845FFA34FC98FA45" bold="true" box="[534,783,1444,1470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FRENCH GUIANA</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
. Saül: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8285E0FA34FB89FA45" box="[937,1054,1444,1470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1997-05-27">27.v.1997</date>
, J.S. Ashe (UnB­2848, 2849, 2852). 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF8287EFFA5CFE61FA1D" box="[422,502,1484,1510]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF8287EFFA5CFE61FA1D" bold="true" box="[422,502,1484,1510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">PERU</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF82844FFA5CFDE6FA1E" box="[518,625,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Huánuco</emphasis>
. Tingo María: s., w., no date, W. Weyrauch (MZSP­1889). 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF828741FA64FE29F9F5" box="[264,446,1524,1550]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828741FA64FE29F9F5" bold="true" box="[264,446,1524,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">VENEZUELA</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="CEF97D22BF14FF828787FA64FDD1F9F6" box="[462,582,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amazonas</emphasis>
. Alto Orinoco, Motorema: s., w., im., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF828245FA64FB15F9F5" box="[1036,1154,1524,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1998-05-10">10.v.1998</date>
, M.G. Paoletti (UnB­508, 509). 
<collectingCountry id="849AE1A0BF14FF828798F98CFDD9F9CD" box="[465,590,1564,1590]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
: s., w., 
<date id="883387F0BF14FF8284EAF98CFCA5F9CD" box="[675,818,1564,1590]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1981-08-23">23.viii.1981</date>
, J.L. Garcia (MZSP­10425).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>