337 lines
52 KiB
XML
337 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9639" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e2aca7-d96d-4fb3-8d67-bb0a1adcb9e3" ID-PMC="PMC7661483" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-986-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" ID-PubMed="33223879" ID-ZooBank="CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954" ModsDocID="1313-2970-986-1" checkinTime="1604647765603" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrivniak, Ľubos, Sroka, Pavel, Bojkova, Jindriska & Godunko, Roman J." docDate="2020" docId="DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 986: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 986" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" docTitle="Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi , sensu lato" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" masterDocTitle="Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732730615386" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7ECF9280B37FA72EDEABB1905D6CA547">Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5266272159CC903C2EB599B8107F67ED">Hrivniak, Ľubos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0447B8D2F848F690844930624569DF74">Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAFB3E846949E384570ADB72017448A7" type="email">lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9D7BCF2548047DBDD8411552F76FC405">Sroka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9EEE08FA6A42CDC977BF83EDF214603">Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C61FA909BA623487BA9942511CB9D8E" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3CFCA745D04DACE03A915D4A280975E0">Bojkova, Jindriska</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A72DF3C049645539BFD3678DE5838E6">Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37F67A7EA2BC0A374056ADBECB43B14D">Godunko, Roman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="990CAB1E3155F6D70EDD116C114235DC">Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F2196FFB387490ADAB16602216C60E0" type="email">godunko@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="25A00AC8E07FC6ED70D4D566BD2ED59C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DCCBD50D45FE57DF570C354CD65CA581">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ECA690B8CFD3B0805A8F8C986A7E3235">986</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="005D86E9C7E26A1E9C3915F67ABD8BB1">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="6975C2CF33E064C79EB2B8F7CDD13413" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168815721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Heptageniidae" scope_order="Ephemeroptera">
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<subSubSection id="3DA9796824C5AE3503DCA93C4DA79DA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="69A8EA154E5B91BEEA95D57244BEF3F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="091F665836F6665D2F81E33FB4C51AE6" ID-CoL="6FNHK" LSID="DF62BAFE-06B4-5B61-B5DF-B04A171B6386" authority="(Tshernova, 1938), sensu lato" authorityName=", sensu lato" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938), sensu lato</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="339C89B3C39422641C1DFE4E2594FF8C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471927" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C6DB335662EB778D3F9FAF76708FA92E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1FE0851CF6D4D720E0774682D6F0D8A9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) O sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76CE98D0BA1D1FDA4B35870EF4312C9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0A968ABA6EE60FF304C07BE9CC8B3084" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="91F33930F2575F76027F4747927899DB" authorityName="Tshernova" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi">Iron znojkoi</taxonomicName>
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Tshernova, 1938
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B0EAB3145BF3A073E1343451097A22EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="531B17F8D5753D850E6D1E1861DE9D64" authorityName=", sensu lato" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Iron) znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="Iron">Epeorus (Iron) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation id="1E6F39C76AB12A56B66F18DCD441AF4A" author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 62" refId="B46" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1974. The generic composition of the mayflies of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental Region. Entomological Review 53: 53 - 62" title="The generic composition of the mayflies of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental Region." volume="53" year="1974">Tshernova (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="955149CF6119F8768B7F72E58A44C808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="885028BCDAE47C77E21AF8B14A45B265" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">Iron caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation id="0F3C1784930015737198878995A1E600" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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partim
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BDE3F3C2ABB8CC55784A8D69AB177258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="77E46FECBE154913B04682A12AD7D963" authorityName="Tshernova" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi">Iron znojkoi</taxonomicName>
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Tshernova, 1938; in
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<bibRefCitation id="FAD77691472D344CC6975440F6983773" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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partim
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CBE876B96D3FC2C453AEDCA9C4DE49B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6DEAE02E49FBC813E66ADDCEA8228C79" authorityName=", sensu lato" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation id="79AE4238578C9302280924DEFB5C8AAD" author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematica Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 235" refId="B31" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1997b. New subgenera of Holarctic mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 5: 233 - 235" title="New subgenera of Holarctic mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae)." volume="5" year="1997 b">Kluge (1997b)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFA4C79A9E0A636AE29D13488F7C2E8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="FEE0C96E1555FC3739FEEE93C21A044F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="887927A40D9237E34F690C8CEEE89523" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Azerbaijan, Nakchivan Autonomous Republic, Giljan-tshaj (Gilljak) (2000-2100 m a.s.l.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74870EF9C9788AA1A2E1882D01E70FF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="81854FBA6CD22EE211C65DC2C06CF2B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4A91940B221CF6CE6AE2D6A3DFDE335" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Georgia, south-western Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, northern Iran (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7EC1EB4B32461D1E05201DC8D3F18F1E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471927" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
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). The most widespread species in the Caucasus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8967C9ADC3508BFD202707EE1123CC83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="A8A721EB35D8A82516F76CCDBD3F7D2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D5D5DB9828510B3070EB3AC3959E840" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Larvae inhabit streams and rivers of various sizes, from larger braided low altitude rivers to small streams at high altitude. Altitudinal range of sampling sites -6-2453 m a.s.l. (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4CDED0824BA12BCA5F82D87D3DE15727" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471927" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
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). Most frequently found in low and middle altitudes. Often syntopic with
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<taxonomicName id="92CF896A70D914424571000D3432C3CF" lsidName="E. (C.) magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) magnus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23DE01C8726E7277DCECD177BC799FC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="main morphological diagnostics of larvae">
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<paragraph id="9E8F338505114EF543B243D921473A20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Main morphological diagnostics of larvae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD837E1C4A0928530B1776C1FEE7B0B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(i) abdominal terga II-IV with triangular medial macula and terga V-VII with T shaped medial macula (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="25AFC6B5A70ADF220E3689F2B7F24270" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A, G-I</figureCitation>
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); (ii) abdominal sterna intensively red or reddish (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="8265288D225F5E321E86F8673B23B94B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B, L, M</figureCitation>
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), with a pair of reddish oblique stripes (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="DC749EE12994A6974541ED72DE1A5566" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7K, a</figureCitation>
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) and/or reddish medio-lateral stripes (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="195C6C3C9B64F2C93F2C82DD82117B29" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7K, b</figureCitation>
|
|
), or with reddish to brownish longitudinal stripe on all sterna or at least on sterna VIII and IX (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="0A34843F43C9F329416515D2FD6FD062" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7N-P</figureCitation>
|
|
) (iii); tergum X with short postero-lateral projections (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="11FAF857335673567A290FAC63A1556D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) O sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8M</figureCitation>
|
|
, arrow) or without postero-lateral projections (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D37C4B0A9D3A6D216CC756DDEA91D0C3" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) O sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8N</figureCitation>
|
|
); (iv) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="871398C3318FAB003C301B84DBA19488" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7F</figureCitation>
|
|
); (v) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) wide (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="90D6B8483BD3A14E33DBDA7F34133EFD" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7J, L-P</figureCitation>
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,
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|
<figureCitation id="B007D04227B812CE62E640F9572F97DD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) O sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8H-L</figureCitation>
|
|
); (vi) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII strongly sclerotized and dense (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A8D86285709E6A22E9AE11C47AA2160F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) O sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
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); (vii) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="99D278FF6A646F39AE4C4D0443D8EA3F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) O sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8G</figureCitation>
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); (viii) shape of head sharply trapezoidal in males (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="4674737BC46F24EC88ADA2056356A43F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="80DDF09A220928449B2BA229D954AA3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph id="848C6FB8A575E01F78F14356F51AC233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8495949FD5662935EF80FF5A0EE5DF39" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="E7CC6932D6ADEFB1C517451A72483D60" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphology.</emphasis>
|
|
The reduction of reddish coloration of abdominal sterna observed particularly in specimens collected from Turkey (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="3FC441D0E237948E668EADD3FF5AF2C3" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7N</figureCitation>
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|
) and northern Iran (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="80BD5DDCF9AEDB6C0550E6FCAEE1F2B9" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7O, P</figureCitation>
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|
). Similar coloration pattern of sterna as present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="484BE2E60F92A41A92742B27A7CE56F4" lsidName="E. (C.) insularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="insularis" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) insularis</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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|
<figureCitation id="09DCB0954933D4EBE127975573E649FC" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471953" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31J</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="E5541E80C363C6C4BBEE292BA7A0C0B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="BC10D1C049DFB02B477BDC0E9734FF5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<emphasis id="710A72C0B27E0057D7A6861576CD9C2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This species was described based on male and female subimagines and imagines from the Nakchivan Autonomous Republic (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="A5C2962F6CDA09AA6C98429301E90E07" author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 64" refId="B45" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien. Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku 7: 55 - 64" title="Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien." volume="7" year="1938">Tshernova 1938</bibRefCitation>
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|
). The type series is deposited in IZ (
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<bibRefCitation id="380EDE04A630E04BA09E30E9DB0B2337" author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1995. A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" title="A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera." year="1995">Kluge 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). The larva was described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B41AE812E822BEC478D3416F9050FA44" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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|
based on material collected in Georgia, Russia (the central Greater Caucasus), Armenia and the type locality. Larvae were identified as species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4660B5FEFE298818201CC2A313CEE045" lsidName="znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi">
|
|
<emphasis id="40FCE7067DF5B099721A91F268AD020E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">znojkoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, based on the proximity of its type locality and the similarity of markings on abdominal terga. However, the description of larva is confusing, because the larva of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CD35E910AB4F8D986E759112C6BEA590" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
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was erroneously described under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E018BC8203189777D819F497842CCD28" lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F18BED76A6BC72FFB2217CE9D468883F" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(Braasch, 1980). Therefore, the larva described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EDC65F005429E4F5A3A80E678FD31797" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07EDB793192EAF970F79E970BFFF2606" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
should belong to a different species. Its diagnostic characters correspond to those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9FF5AB111D28EB15899C51F2B4F7685" lsidName="E. (C.) magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) magnus</taxonomicName>
|
|
that was later described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="93A62546B0FEA37384B67715A787B270" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 70" refId="B6" refString="Braasch, D, 1978. Epeorus znojkoi and Iron magnus new species (Heptageniidae Ephemeroptera) from the Caucasus USSR. Entomologische Nachrichten 22: 65 - 70" title="Epeorus znojkoi and Iron magnus new species (Heptageniidae Ephemeroptera) from the Caucasus USSR." volume="22" year="1978">Braasch (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. These characters include: (i) body length:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C52CC870AC1BCF618BB930B4D7065C21" author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 64" refId="B45" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien. Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku 7: 55 - 64" title="Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien." volume="7" year="1938">Tshernova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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|
noted 9.5-12 mm for imagines of species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8E5AA00B8B19C31B513438AECEE7F1F" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
; contrary to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="950EAEC0144095AD26CE69EF9EA6BFA1" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
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who noted 14-19 mm for the larvae. Larvae of species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD8BD08794FAA32C3FD5B1E85C4DC0B1" lsidName="magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5811F166FEED1D6223CCE7D91F759372" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">magnus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
exhibit 20-24 mm as described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D9F7DD36E83602123FB09CF871B984BE" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 70" refId="B6" refString="Braasch, D, 1978. Epeorus znojkoi and Iron magnus new species (Heptageniidae Ephemeroptera) from the Caucasus USSR. Entomologische Nachrichten 22: 65 - 70" title="Epeorus znojkoi and Iron magnus new species (Heptageniidae Ephemeroptera) from the Caucasus USSR." volume="22" year="1978">Braasch (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; (ii) shape of head: trapezoidal head with rounded edges as figured by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DBE354B483823882E135F4AF0E02D265" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
is typical for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="043EB39820A099A9FD277517E879A499" lsidName="E. (C.) magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) magnus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D417E4BDBFBD04CC34F96E423C4BCA44" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H, I abdominal terga J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
), not to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="12EB4DA7391147508C639270B97B7C3A" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
with more angular edges of head (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2204458966405C938E7C662143BCC60B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G-I abdominal terga J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (L Georgia M, O, P Iran N Turkey)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7D</figureCitation>
|
|
); (iii) setation of labrum: the shape of labrum and dense setae on its dorsal surface as figured by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2863A66A6F183C17B4F6F7B1883BAE75" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
is characteristic for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A7837CF8276B143004A5DBE34A2EF4B" lsidName="E. (C.) magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) magnus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="FABEC919484773249F4A494098B98133" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) with detail of bristle-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I, J gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape K-M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
|
|
); (iv) coloration of abdominal sterna: an absence of coloration on abdominal sterna as described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="77BA73B2DC2ED704B9A2890423DCD010" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
is typical for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F37749935E6F35BBD4A0448519C2E993" lsidName="E. (C.) magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) magnus</taxonomicName>
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|
(Fig.
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|
<figureCitation id="27E44F5E437899A8A35C4F66166D5579" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, G middle leg in dorsal view H, I abdominal terga J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10J</figureCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A32A261DBD514A65365326F6CEBC160E" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
possess reddish sterna and gills.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AB58A4F76B96B2F5464F81B15156BFC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="9A0D424A5695979040242CDD64AA1B42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="A88C141F3464225B2374D09234D57B45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A983647E70D8F3DD7317B1758B987BA7" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is considered as a species complex containing several lineages (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DD70582B32B0E2B0DFC67EA2042C41EA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" author="Hrivniak, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Hrivniak, Ľ, Sroka, P, Bojkova, J, Godunko, RJ, Soldan, T, Staniczek, AH, 2020b. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" title="The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" year="2020 b">Hrivniak et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). They are distributed in the Pontic Mts. in Turkey (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5C176C063ABFAD558EA468BEA2235D73" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1997" genus="Caucasiron" lsidName="Caucasiron" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="51CB0DBD373D51CB631DF5A0C74AC33C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasiron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 5 in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="964B44578F47C0C5946C7594DB3B5D2B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" author="Hrivniak, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Hrivniak, Ľ, Sroka, P, Bojkova, J, Godunko, RJ, Soldan, T, Staniczek, AH, 2020b. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" title="The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" year="2020 b">Hrivniak et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the Alborz Mts. in Iran (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97A3AFFD414965D60E19F4D331D9970B" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1997" genus="Caucasiron" lsidName="Caucasiron" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="ABBE64196D4EF439BBA9CC71B39B7CA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasiron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. 4 in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA9B977351668995969EC3C0613918C7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" author="Hrivniak, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Hrivniak, Ľ, Sroka, P, Bojkova, J, Godunko, RJ, Soldan, T, Staniczek, AH, 2020b. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" title="The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" year="2020 b">Hrivniak et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and the Lesser Caucasus in Georgian Adjara (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5E66CB1D233C9E94111BAB70D346800A" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1997" genus="Caucasiron" lsidName="Caucasiron" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E3BD62991DB157D266D49266F00D28B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasiron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 6 in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DD7F4D10B923A8CA8BFCFDB48118927D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" author="Hrivniak, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Hrivniak, Ľ, Sroka, P, Bojkova, J, Godunko, RJ, Soldan, T, Staniczek, AH, 2020b. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" title="The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" year="2020 b">Hrivniak et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The lineages are not formally described now and fall into the group
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69C5DEA482BD8B3894B63ADF4AA0CA53" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
s. l. in this identification guide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="142328FE2CE2E8CCFC209845481CA605" doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471927" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph id="A2A9E4561EB5BB6DD31C7739761CC77A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="52D6917E5C4597A3BD32931B0F634436" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BFDA968525997F59E722856EE8AB822F" authorityName=", sensu lato" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="A56A273B8103810B0CC30B3D98565071" doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471928" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph id="502552FD3E72F0834C27356F39394FBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="799EDEBE488653F08FB7F1253A8F66EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87C97601445D8F8FFD0097F01AF73EF9" authorityName=", sensu lato" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, larva:
|
|
<emphasis id="6AE5F9C9BB0576E75437D6A7CE6E127B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
habitus in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="75FA4E2B2C59F5C221195552CB1C9675" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
habitus in ventral view
|
|
<emphasis id="D27A2047F68FAA6BB9FE9EC55234F166" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
habitus in lateral view
|
|
<emphasis id="168D4A54A74189ABFD8E1FD1BEB59A0B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
head of male in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="8A07464E008AA7C12848ACEA7017B3C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
head of female in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="1DCB4B12DCAB4867AECE99DA1AE594FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
middle leg in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="83B3F513D95709619C646E9708021CB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal terga
|
|
<emphasis id="2756098EE044E9A5A9088CBBD0667F60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
|
gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)
|
|
<emphasis id="C0451668F4F6743B76D840825954CB7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes)
|
|
<emphasis id="F67D0C1E09CC4369EAC2873D9346E800" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L-P</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern (
|
|
<emphasis id="1A37727800C965D560A14C95C40F3843" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
|
Georgia
|
|
<emphasis id="405183DA66ADEC998F42FF20F30461C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, O, P</emphasis>
|
|
Iran
|
|
<emphasis id="2CFF4E74E9420E884D03241B641CE998" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
|
Turkey).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="F1AB5133E07164C5C0D68B2D57C3E0A7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471930" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph id="5673F5A00401DA1C09FA0144ED5080F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="6BAB7390F1E6C39153F4858BEC6A0587" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E9B312C66676DE72C8512A48C23A7898" authorityName=", sensu lato" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, larva:
|
|
<emphasis id="10CE5B0B2DC91BD178A185939D904590" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view)
|
|
<emphasis id="88E1AA59DFE22748528790355177AF96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
incisors of left mandible
|
|
<emphasis id="EA48D1A5303126070272C1FBE2B4A03F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
incisors of right mandible
|
|
<emphasis id="E4ED30A9C66313C61F2E53086CD9C496" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
setae on dorsal surface of femora
|
|
<emphasis id="957D82BAF1C52E02A323B58001581D44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability
|
|
<emphasis id="69873642E160B7F63DB5456251045646" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
gill I
|
|
<emphasis id="0A02A3A2FFE6063585335DC03AF7E383" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
gill III
|
|
<emphasis id="E1A36352E6132CD561CDE7F7FB87B2FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
gill VII (flattened on slide)
|
|
<emphasis id="6C825677486A5065E643C0A08C68FE46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I-L</emphasis>
|
|
gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape
|
|
<emphasis id="DEEC70583F5AA733EF3E3D4C252266AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, N</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)
|
|
<emphasis id="D970F2534B4FAD8C4E83B552B1710FEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
|
sternum IX of female with observed variability.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |