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<mods:title id="590F4345FB9618BA398BD9F156E39FFB">Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Intertidal Sediments of Saros Bay, Aegean Sea (Turkey)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039287F7FF934F66FF26B1AD98DA5AA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192207" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287F7FF934F66FF26B1AD98DA5AA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287F7FF934F66FF26B1AD98DA5AA3" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<subSubSection id="C321656AFF934F66FF26B1AD981E5CCA" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436E1FF934F66FF26B1AD9BF05F1E" blockId="8.[140,682,231,257]" box="[140,682,231,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<heading id="D0CC818DFF934F66FF26B1AD9BF05F1E" box="[140,682,231,257]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FF26B1AD9BF05F1E" bold="true" box="[140,682,231,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D62FF934F66FF26B1AD98AA5F1E" authority="Kahl 1928" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1928" box="[140,496,231,257]" class="Peranemea" family="Anisonemidae" genus="Heteronema" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Anisonemida" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="ovale">
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FF26B1AD98335F1E" bold="true" box="[140,361,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Heteronema ovale</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FEDAB1AD98AA5F1E" author="Kahl A." box="[368,496,231,257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="189 - 246" refId="ref12791" refString="Kahl A. (1928) Die Infusorien (Ciliata) der Oldesloer Salzwasserstellen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 19: 189 - 246" type="journal article" year="1928">Kahl 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13002A64FF934F66FE55B1AD9B0D5F1E" box="[511,599,231,257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,1788,1809]" captionTargetBox="[166,1476,259,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[138,1476,230,1787]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. a Actinomonas mirabilis/Pteridomonas danica; b Amastigomonas mutabilis; c Ancyromonas micra; d Bicosoeca conica; e Bordnamonas tropicana; f Caecitellus parvulus; g Cafeteria minuta; h Cafeteria roenbergensis; i Cyranomonas australis; j Developayella elegans; k Discocelis saleuta; l Goniomonas amphinema; m Goniomonas pasifica; n Kiitoksia ystava; o Dinema platysomum; p Anisonema acinus; q Heteronema exaratum; r Heteronema ovale; s Kathablepharis remigera; t Notosolenus canellatus; u Massisteria marina; v Metromonas grandis; w Neobodo designis; x Neobodo saliens; y Percolomonas similis. Scale bar: 10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192962/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Figs 1r</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13002A64FF934F66FDCEB1AD9BF85F1E" box="[612,674,231,257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[132,167,1676,1697]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,231,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-9@3.[132,1470,230,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. a Actinomonas mirabilis/Pteridomonas danica; b Amastigomonas mutabilis; c Ancyromonas micra; d Bicosoeca conica; e Caecitellus parvulus, note the mouth on the left-hand side; f Bordnamonas tropicana; g Cafeteria roenbergensis; h Cyranomonas australis; i Developayella elegans; j Discocelis saleuta; k Goniomonas amphinema; l Cafeteria minuta, feeding cell; m Anisonema acinus, dorsal view, note the ingestion organelle; n Dinema platysomum, ventral view showing surface striations; o Goniomonas pacifica; p Heteronema exaratum, ventral view, general appearance of cell; q Kathablepharis remigera; r Massisteria marina; s Neobodo saliens; t Neobodo designis; uv Heteronema ovale, same cell; u general appearance; v extended cell. All micrographs are DIC images. Scale bar: 5 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192964/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">2uv</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436E1FF934F66FF18B053981E5CCA" blockId="8.[140,787,281,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FF18B053980C5F2C" bold="true" box="[178,342,281,307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Observation:</emphasis>
Cell is ovate, dorso-ventrally flattened, and normally about 20 μm long, but is metabolic and can be about 33 μm long when elongated. The pellicular striations follow an S-helix on the ventral and dorsal faces of the cell and may have associated refractile bodies. Two flagella are of almost equal length and are slightly longer than the cell. The posterior flagellum has a knob at its base and is thicker than the anterior one. The ingestion organelle has two rods. The reservoir and nucleus are located in the left side of the cell. The cell moves by skidding or by vigorous squirming in contact with substrate. Description based on observation of one cell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321656AFF934F66FF18B39798DA5AA3" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436E1FF934F66FF18B39798DA5AA3" blockId="8.[140,787,281,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FF18B39798775CE8" bold="true" box="[178,301,733,759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Remarks:</emphasis>
Our observation is generally in agreement with the observations of
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FE42B24A9A555D05" author="Patterson D. J. &amp; Lee W. J." box="[488,783,768,794]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref13892" refString="Patterson D. J., Lee W. J. (2000) Geographic distribution and diversity of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. In: The flagellates: unity, diversity and evolution, (Eds. B. S. C. Leadbeater, J. C. Green). Taylor &amp; Francis, London and New York, 267 - 287" type="book chapter" year="2000">Lee and Patterson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D62FF934F66FE64B2699B835D22" authorityName="Larsen et Patterson" authorityYear="1990" box="[462,729,803,829]" class="Peranemea" family="Anisonemidae" genus="Heteronema" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Anisonemida" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="exaratum">
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FE64B2699B835D22" box="[462,729,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Heteronema exaratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by its more vigorous squirming movements. Furthermore
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D62FF934F66FE6BB2239B0C5D9C" authorityName="Larsen et Patterson" authorityYear="1990" box="[449,598,873,899]" class="Peranemea" family="Anisonemidae" genus="Heteronema" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Anisonemida" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="exaratum">
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FE6BB2239B0C5D9C" box="[449,598,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">H. exaratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has differences in its dorsal and ventral pellicular striations. These two species are not distinguished by size because there is considerable overlap (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FE30B29B9B9C5DF4" author="Patterson D. J. &amp; Lee W. J." box="[410,710,977,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref13892" refString="Patterson D. J., Lee W. J. (2000) Geographic distribution and diversity of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. In: The flagellates: unity, diversity and evolution, (Eds. B. S. C. Leadbeater, J. C. Green). Taylor &amp; Francis, London and New York, 267 - 287" type="book chapter" year="2000">Lee and Patterson 2000</bibRefCitation>
). This species was reported from tropical and subtropical
<collectingCountry id="F32C7671FF934F66FD73B2BE99915A2E" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7671FF934F66FF7DB55D98595A2E" box="[215,259,1047,1073]" name="Fiji" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Fiji</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7671FF934F66FEA5B55D98005A2E" box="[271,346,1047,1073]" name="South Korea" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7671FF934F66FECCB55D98E65A2E" box="[358,444,1047,1073]" name="Kuwait" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
and White Sea with a length range of 1540 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FE22B5709B515A4B" author="Kahl A." box="[392,523,1082,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="189 - 246" refId="ref12791" refString="Kahl A. (1928) Die Infusorien (Ciliata) der Oldesloer Salzwasserstellen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 19: 189 - 246" type="journal article" year="1928">Kahl 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FDB0B5709A575A4B" author="Ekebom J. &amp; Patterson D. J. &amp; Vors N." box="[538,781,1082,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="251 - 272" refId="ref12280" refString="Ekebom J., Patterson D. J., Vors N. (1996) Heterotrophic flagellates from coral reef sediments, (Great Barrier Reef, Australia). Arch. Protistenkd. 146: 251 - 272" type="journal article" year="1996">
Ekebom
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FD2DB5709B9F5A4B" box="[647,709,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FF26B51698E95A69" author="Patterson D. J. &amp; Lee W. J." box="[140,435,1116,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="267 - 287" refId="ref13892" refString="Patterson D. J., Lee W. J. (2000) Geographic distribution and diversity of free-living heterotrophic flagellates. In: The flagellates: unity, diversity and evolution, (Eds. B. S. C. Leadbeater, J. C. Green). Taylor &amp; Francis, London and New York, 267 - 287" type="book chapter" year="2000">Lee and Patterson 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FE68B5169B8F5A69" author="Al-Qassab S. &amp; Lee W. J. &amp; Murray S. &amp; Simpson A. G. B. &amp; Patterson D. J." box="[450,725,1116,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="91 - 144" refId="ref11782" refString="Al-Qassab S., Lee W. J., Murray S., Simpson A. G. B., Patterson D. J. (2002) Flagellates from stromatolites and surrounding sediments in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Acta Protozool. 41: 91 - 144" type="journal article" year="2002">
Al-Qassab
<emphasis id="B94FEAF3FF934F66FDE1B5169BD15A69" box="[587,651,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="127">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FD4CB51699825A86" author="Lee W. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="125 - 143" refId="ref13150" refString="Lee W. J. (2002 b) Some free-living heterotrophic flagellates from marine sediments of Inchon and Ganghwa Island, Korea. Korean J. Biol. Sci. 6: 125 - 143" type="journal article" year="2002">Lee 2002b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FF41B535986F5A86" author="Lee W. J." box="[235,309,1151,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="59 - 73" refId="ref13186" refString="Lee W. J. (2006 a) Heterotrophic euglenids from marine sediments of Cape Tribulation, tropical Australia. Ocean Sci. J. 41: 59 - 73" type="journal article" year="2006">2006a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FEE2B53598DC5A86" author="Lee W. J." box="[328,390,1151,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref13338" refString="Lee W. J. (2012) Free-living benthic heterotrophic euglenids from Botany Bay, Australia. Mar. Biol. Res. 8: 3 - 27" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FE32B5359BDA5A86" author="Tikhonenkov D. V. &amp; Mazei Y. A. &amp; Mylnikov A. P." box="[408,640,1151,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" pagination="191 - 200" refId="ref14243" refString="Tikhonenkov D. V., Mazei Y. A., Mylnikov A. P. (2006) Species diversity of heterotrophic flagellates in White Sea littoral sites. Eur. J. Protistol. 42: 191 - 200" type="journal article" year="2006">Tikhonenkov 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF934F66FD3BB535982E5AA3" author="Al-Yamani F. &amp; Saburova M." pageId="8" pageNumber="127" refId="ref11833" refString="Al-Yamani F., Saburova M. (2010) Illustrated guide on the flagellates of Kuwait's intertidal soft sediments. Kuwait: Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 197 pp." type="book" year="2010">Al-Yamani and Saburova 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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