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<document id="38E76D1BC2E3C6DB7C2209221CDF530F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF1339C192DA97C337A8D999" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Kermes quercus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1734100020587" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="B20D92349B17ECF89C0A13FDA675A81F">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="892E888B707A206DCDDB96C19462EE17">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7B95CEB379BB43775AC99E66F4DBA1C2">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D122F1C1E305BD4822780F19EDC05344">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8423EBB386E5D6F6878D8884086C99F2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7E8FCF4FD1A84DDD3BBA15D0356A566B">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="80C7766CC570E74589847C737307D51A" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BD0656C4AA9EF228F2D80FE56CCA646A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="99DBEC9F54A0A37A145AD32B54AB6F7C">
<mods:date id="2841E7665BC0D80B47BEC1057409DB3F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A21B5FDDF9D8078E861B3E92C27CD64C">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8A1972CD53D139BC6C2ABF1646D58825">5542</mods:number>
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<treatment id="981B8798FF1339C192DA97C337A8D999" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF1339C192DA97C337A8D999" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF1339C192DA97C337A8D999" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C192DA97C334D8DDF2" box="[151,489,151,177]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C192DA97C334D8DDF2" blockId="142.[151,662,151,214]" box="[151,489,151,177]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF1339C192DA97C334D8DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,489,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C192DA97C334D8DDF2" ID-CoL="3R66V" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,489,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C192DA97C334D8DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,489,151,177]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C192DA97C3346BDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,346,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Kermes quercus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C192DA97EF37A7DD96" box="[151,662,187,214]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C192DA97EF37A7DD96" blockId="142.[151,662,151,214]" box="[151,662,187,214]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1339C192D297EF35C3DD96" box="[159,242,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1339C192B397EF346EDD96" box="[254,351,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,234,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="PLATE 4. Eriococcidae: A, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); B, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; C, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus borchsenii (Danzig); Kermesidae: E, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); F, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; G, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer. Monophlebidae: H, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385398/files/figure.png" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Plate 4E</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1339C1906497EF37BFDD96" box="[553,654,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385720/files/figure.png" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Fig. 91A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C192DA9654375FDC16" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C192DA9654375FDC16" blockId="142.[151,1437,255,341]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF1339C192DA9654375FDC16" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1339C192DA9654371BDC54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3920667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3920667" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:96641C68-4837-41C3-9F58-A454C15E09F8" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,554,255,280]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0A007148BCA0472C4E45D211B82B769" page="455" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C192DA9654371BDC54" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 455" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="455" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,554,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C192DA9654340FDC54" box="[151,318,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Coccus quercus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C193069654371BDC54" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[331,554,255,280]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" refId="ref104704" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, (4) + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 455</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1339C19076965436C4DC5B" author="Fourcroy, A. F." box="[571,1013,255,280]" page="230" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" year="1785">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C19076965436C4DC5B" authority="Fourcroy, 1785: 230" authorityName="Fourcroy" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1785" box="[571,1013,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C190769654363ADC5B" box="[571,779,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Chermes reniformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C1915A965436C4DC5B" author="Fourcroy, A. F." box="[791,1013,255,280]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" refId="ref101377" refString="Fourcroy, A. F. (1785) Entomologia Parisiensis. s. n., Paris, 544 pp." type="book" year="1785">Fourcroy, 1785: 230</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1339C19648965430A8DC5B" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[1029,1433,256,280]" page="194" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" year="1844">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1964896543193DC5B" box="[1029,1186,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Coccus cambii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C196E3965430A8DC5B" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[1198,1433,256,280]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" refId="ref107890" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) [The forest insects or illustration and description of those in the forests of Prussia and neighboring states as harmful or ...] Abtheilung des Konigl. Nicolaische buchhandlung, Berlin, 301 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg, 1844: 194</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C1928A964A3701DC75" authority="(Fourcroy)" baseAuthorityName="Fourcroy" box="[199,560,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Physokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A964A348ADC75" box="[199,443,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Physokermes reniformis</emphasis>
(Fourcroy)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1339C19075964A3673DC75" author="Targioni Tozzetti, A." box="[568,834,286,310]" page="41" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C19075964A3673DC75" author="Targioni Tozzetti, A." box="[568,834,286,310]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" pagination="257 - 267" refId="ref109697" refString="Targioni Tozzetti, A. (1869) [On two genera of scale insects (Coccidae)]. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica italiana, Firenze, 1, 257 - 267. [in Italian]" type="journal article" year="1869">Targioni Tozzetti 1869: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C19106964B314DDC75" ID-CoL="4HJ3S" authority="(Fourcroy)" baseAuthorityName="Fourcroy" box="[843,1148,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C19106964B3137DC75" box="[843,1030,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Kermes reniformis</emphasis>
(Fourcroy)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1339C196C9964A3076DC75" author="Signoret, V." box="[1156,1351,286,310]" page="553" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" year="1875">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C196C9964A3076DC75" author="Signoret, V." box="[1156,1351,286,310]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" pagination="15 - 40" refId="ref108733" refString="Signoret, V. (1875) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 14 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 5, 15 - 40." type="journal article" year="1875">Signoret 1875: 553</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C19702964B34BFDC16" ID-CoL="3R66V" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C19702964B3427DC16" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Kermes quercus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1339C193D59669375BDC16" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[408,618,317,341]" page="178" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C193D59669375BDC16" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[408,618,317,341]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" refId="ref99505" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1894) A check-list of African Coccidae. Psyche, 7, 178. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1894 / 52465" type="journal volume" year="1894">Cockerell 1894: 178</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C192DA96D7367CDF4A" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C192DA96D7367CDF4A" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C192DA96D73454DCDE" bold="true" box="[151,357,387,413]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Field characters:</emphasis>
Young adult female yellowish brown; pre-reproductive adult female spherical, dark brown to black, without visible body segmentation but dorsum divided by 1 longitudinal and 6–8 deep, wide transverse black furrows. Post-reproductive female kidney-shaped, with shallow longitudinal medial depression posteriorly; cuticle becoming heavily sclerotized with maturity (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C190C196BB3670DF4A" author="Podsiadlo, E." box="[652,833,495,521]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" pagination="259 - 268" refId="ref107747" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2014) Identification characters of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 83, 259 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / pjen- 2014 - 0020" type="journal article" year="2014">Podsiadło 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C1928A95473748D942" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A954734D2DE45" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A954734E7DF6E" bold="true" box="[199,470,531,557]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted young pre-reproductive adult female pear-shaped, with fused segments. Dorsal and ventral setae stout and spine-like, present throughout. Antennae each with 2 or 3 segments, with 3 or 4 spine-like setae apically. Labium subtriangular, with three segments, apical segment with 4 pairs of setae. Legs reduced, pointed distally, each composed of three segments: coxa, trochanter + femur, tibia + tarsus and claw. Spiracles well developed and sclerotized, each with associated multilocular disc pores, posterior spiracle diameter larger than that of anterior spiracle. Anal ring situated near posterior end, with a complete margin with 2 short setae posteriorly but without pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A944434F2DE0E" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A94443410DE6A" box="[199,289,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Dorsum</emphasis>
with tubular ducts of various sizes, scattered, most numerous anteriorly, sparse posteriorly; bilocular pores numerous, scattered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A940C3748D942" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A940C343EDE32" box="[199,271,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Venter</emphasis>
with tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FF1339C1904394033764DE31" box="[526,597,855,882]" count="1" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
densely grouped in a horseshoe-shaped submarginal to marginal band on prosoma, less frequent on submarginal areas of abdomen. Disc-pores (each with 3‒8 loculi) present in groups, each group surrounding a spinelike seta; present around margins and forming segmental rows across median areas of abdomen. Multilocular pores, each with 12 loculi, in clusters across medial areas of abdominal segments and forming 6 or 8 longitudinal lines abdomen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C1928A935F318CD90A" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A935F318CD90A" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A935F3452D966" bold="true" box="[199,355,1035,1061]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C1932093583714D966" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[365,549,1036,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1932093583714D966" box="[365,549,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Kermes quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 24 countries in the Palaearctic region (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C196E9935F35E5D90A" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="142" pageNumber="143" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1972C935830A4D966" box="[1377,1429,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1339C1934993643405D909" box="[260,308,1072,1098]" name="Iran" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF1339C19029937B37A6D90A" box="[612,663,1071,1097]" country="Iran" name="Ilam" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Ilam</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF1339C19083937B366DD90A" box="[718,860,1071,1097]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C19193937B3180D90A" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[990,1201,1071,1097]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C1928A9307342ED9D2" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A9307342ED9D2" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A9307346AD92E" bold="true" box="[199,347,1107,1133]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species is oligophagous, having been only found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C1919D9300311FD92D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[976,1070,1108,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1919D9300311FD92D" box="[976,1070,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C19623930731EBD92E" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1134,1242,1107,1133]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1339C196A393073422D9D2" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="142" pageNumber="143" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C192DA932C35F9D9D2" box="[151,200,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1339C1928A93CF37A8D999" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A93CF310FD9F5" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" box="[199,1086,1179,1206]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A93CF34E6D9F6" bold="true" box="[199,471,1179,1205]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1339C1939393C837A3D9F6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[478,658,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1939393C837A3D9F6" box="[478,658,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Kermes quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1339C1964493C8310BD9F5" box="[1033,1082,1180,1206]" name="Iran" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1339C1928A93EB37A8D999" blockId="142.[151,1437,387,1242]" box="[199,665,1215,1242]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1339C1928A93EB34A5D99A" bold="true" box="[199,404,1215,1241]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1339C19029939437A4D999" box="[612,661,1216,1242]" name="Iran" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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