291 lines
37 KiB
XML
291 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="D737A8D0D129D0CF2CB6090871E90BBA" ID-CLB-Dataset="28026" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4512.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26e12e1b-2175-4007-871b-d0b73122e5e9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2607575" ID-ZooBank="E752FB7B-F34C-4D12-B8A2-EA6C791DD6C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553586644813" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kaiser, Christine M., Kaiser, Hinrich & O’Shea, Mark" docDate="2018" docId="C80EBE29FFD2FFEEFF75F8240EC0FE51" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4512.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4512 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Coluber holochrous Gunther 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="3437C651FFC7FFF6FFE2FE470F12FFFE" masterDocTitle="The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698713152511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F3952473A4917C2310200B036182E12A">The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E36459BF54ACD610F59CA5740D2A157B">Kaiser, Christine M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D50D7ED77785AF5BD44CD16E7CFA1C5">Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE4116EB447F6B543F9C5445637A7D40">O’Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A530EEEE822076F7363845D146AC0269">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3B86D4D439396400C3931821E99A1B98">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="47C5A9823CC615798E7FF3B067B71AE7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A3E3CBAA780A2F4E94C10A0B2CD9C6B">4512</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C80EBE29FFD2FFEEFF75F8240EC0FE51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997367" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154496307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5997367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C80EBE29FFD2FFEEFF75F8240EC0FE51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C80EBE29FFD2FFEEFF75F8240EC0FE51" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFD2FFE3FF75F8240E86F8F7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD2FFE3FF75F8240D6AF983" blockId="21.[151,632,1635,1661]" box="[151,632,1635,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="1B50B853FFD2FFE3FF75F8240D6AF983" bold="true" box="[151,632,1635,1661]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60B72811FFD2FFE3FF75F8240D6AF983" box="[151,632,1635,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD2FFE3FF75F8240D6AF983" authority="Gunther, 1863 a: 59" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,632,1635,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FF75F8240D6AF983" bold="true" box="[151,632,1635,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FF75F8240E9BF983" bold="true" box="[151,393,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coluber holochrous</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C106292EFFD2FFE3FE72F8240D6AF983" author="Gunther, A." box="[400,632,1635,1661]" page="59" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1863">
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD2FFE3FE72F8240D46F983" author="Gunther, A." box="[400,596,1635,1661]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="58 - 60" refId="ref43932" refString="Gunther, A. (1863 a) Contribution to the herpetology of Ceram. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3 (12), 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="1863">Günther, 1863a</bibRefCitation>
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:59
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</treatmentCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD2FFE3FF75F8EE0E86F8F7" blockId="21.[151,1436,1705,1802]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FF75F8EE0E61F93C" bold="true" box="[151,371,1705,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
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Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD2FFE3FD8AF8ED0DE3F93C" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[616,753,1705,1730]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FD8AF8ED0DE3F93C" box="[616,753,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. modestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD2FFE3FC7BF8EE0B04F93C" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[921,1046,1705,1730]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FC7BF8EE0B04F93C" box="[921,1046,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holochrous</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the
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<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD2FFE3FB8DF8ED0B8DF93C" box="[1135,1183,1706,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
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species of the genus
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FF75F88A0FEDF918" box="[151,255,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lielaphis</emphasis>
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(described as a subgenus of
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FDA3F88A0D8AF918" box="[577,664,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colubri</emphasis>
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).
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD2FFE3FF25F8B60E5BF8F4" bold="true" box="[199,329,1777,1802]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Synonyms.</emphasis>
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None.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="14D85FB7FFD1FFE0FF75F9DD0A8EF80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607596/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,250,1946,1968]" targetBox="[362,1232,193,1932]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD1FFE0FF75F9DD0A8EF80D" blockId="22.[151,1436,1946,2035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD1FFE0FF75F9DD0E0CF851" bold="true" box="[151,286,1946,1968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD1FFE0FE44F9DD0DE7F84E" authority="Peters, 1861" authorityName=", Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[422,757,1946,1968]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Spilotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samarensis">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD1FFE0FE44F9DD0D7CF84E" box="[422,622,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Spilotes samarensis</emphasis>
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Peters, 1861
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</taxonomicName>
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, ZMB 4294, reported to be an adult male with TTL = 2070 mm in the original description, from Samar Island, The Philippines. The specimen is a rolled up skin with only parts of the tail still retaining a small amount of bone and tissue. Shown are views of the head in (A) dorsal, (B) right lateral, and (C) ventral views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFD0FFE1FF25FED00D5EFE52" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD0FFE1FF25FED00D5EFE52" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1010]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FF25FED00E6EFF4E" bold="true" box="[199,380,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Original name.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD0FFE1FE61FED00C52FF4E" authority="Gunther, 1863 a: 59" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1863" box="[387,832,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FE61FED00D71FF4E" box="[387,611,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coluber holochrous</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD0FFE1FD89FED00C0FFF4E" author="Gunther, A." box="[619,797,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="58 - 60" refId="ref43932" refString="Gunther, A. (1863 a) Contribution to the herpetology of Ceram. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3 (12), 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="1863">Günther, 1863a</bibRefCitation>
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:59
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</taxonomicName>
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. Albert Günther (
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<date id="341929FFFFD0FFE1FBE7FEDF0B9AFF4E" box="[1029,1160,152,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1830" valueMax="1914">1830–1914</date>
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;
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<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFD0FFE1FB76FED00BF8FF4E" box="[1172,1258,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Selected 19 th Century authors and collectors of Stegonotus species. (A) Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884), author of the species name modestus. (B) André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), co-author with (C) and (D) of the genus name Stegonotus and the species names cucullatus, lividus, and muelleri. (C) Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848). (D) Auguste Henri André Duméril (1812–1870). (E) René-Primevère Lesson (1794–1849), co-collector (with Prosper Garnot; no image available) of the L. cucullatum holotype. (F) Pieter van Oort (1804–1834), co-collector (with Salomon Müller and Heinrich Macklot; no images available) of the L. lividum syntypes. (G) Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), author of the species names greineri (and perhaps collector of its holotype) and rosenbergii. (H) Hermann von Rosenberg (1817–1888), collector of the Coronella rosenbergii holotype and the person for whom the species was named. (I) Wilhelm Karl Hartwig Peters (1815–1883), author of the species name samarensis. (J) Fedor Jagor (1816–1900), collector of the Spilotes samarensis holotype. (K) Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther (1830–1914), author of the genus name Zamenophis as well as the species names holochrous, batjanensis, and australis. The species Stegonotus guentheri was named in Günther’s honor. (L) Adolf Bernhard Meyer (1840–1911), author of the species names magnus and parvus and collector of the type material." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607577/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
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) was a German zoologist, whose influential position as Keeper of Zoology (head of the zoology department) at the British Museum of Natural History (now The Natural History Museum) led him to become one of the most productive reptile taxonomists of all time (
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD0FFE1FE48FF430D37FEE2" author="Uetz, P." box="[426,549,260,284]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref47249" refString="Uetz, P. (2010) The original descriptions of reptiles. Zootaxa, 2334, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Uetz 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). In his species definition, of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD0FFE1FC91FF420BC1FEE3" authority="Gunther (1863 a)" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[883,1235,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FC91FF420B03FEE3" box="[883,1041,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. holochrous</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD0FFE1FBFBFF430BC1FEE3" author="Gunther, A." box="[1049,1235,260,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="58 - 60" refId="ref43932" refString="Gunther, A. (1863 a) Contribution to the herpetology of Ceram. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3 (12), 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="1863">Günther (1863a)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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specified that the body coloration was “uniform brownish grey.” We therefore assume that the species epithet (the Greek prefix holoplus the suffix chro[m]us = all one color) was chosen to reflect this uniform coloration. The species description was presented in English. The photographic portrait of Günther (
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<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFD0FFE1FCA3FF280C8EFE76" box="[833,924,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Selected 19 th Century authors and collectors of Stegonotus species. (A) Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884), author of the species name modestus. (B) André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), co-author with (C) and (D) of the genus name Stegonotus and the species names cucullatus, lividus, and muelleri. (C) Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848). (D) Auguste Henri André Duméril (1812–1870). (E) René-Primevère Lesson (1794–1849), co-collector (with Prosper Garnot; no image available) of the L. cucullatum holotype. (F) Pieter van Oort (1804–1834), co-collector (with Salomon Müller and Heinrich Macklot; no images available) of the L. lividum syntypes. (G) Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), author of the species names greineri (and perhaps collector of its holotype) and rosenbergii. (H) Hermann von Rosenberg (1817–1888), collector of the Coronella rosenbergii holotype and the person for whom the species was named. (I) Wilhelm Karl Hartwig Peters (1815–1883), author of the species name samarensis. (J) Fedor Jagor (1816–1900), collector of the Spilotes samarensis holotype. (K) Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther (1830–1914), author of the genus name Zamenophis as well as the species names holochrous, batjanensis, and australis. The species Stegonotus guentheri was named in Günther’s honor. (L) Adolf Bernhard Meyer (1840–1911), author of the species names magnus and parvus and collector of the type material." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607577/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
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; public domain) was taken in ca. 1900 and is housed in the collection of the BMNH.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFD0FFE1FF25FFF00BCBFCEB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD0FFE1FF25FFF00EA7FE0A" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1010]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFD0FFE1FF25FFF00EA7FE0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140027" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1, BMNH 63.3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FF25FFF00E29FE2E" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD0FFE1FF25FFF00E24FE2E" box="[199,310,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="1001A744FFD0FFE1FEA1FFFF0EFFFE2E" box="[323,493,439,464]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
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.11.40 (
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<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFD0FFE1FDA0FFF00D85FE2E" box="[578,663,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1062,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,1062,1918]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Holotype of Coluber holochrous Günther, 1863a, BMNH 1946.1.11.40, an adult male from Seram Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Shown are the entire specimen (TTL = 1192 mm) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views, and its head in (C) dorsal, (D) right lateral, and (E) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607598/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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;
|
||
<tableCitation id="0D253A84FFD0FFE1FD46FFF00DE5FE2E" box="[676,759,439,464]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="60.[147,229,603,624]" captionText="TABLE 1. Name-bearing types of species in the genus Stegonotus. In this list we present basic data, including common measurements and selected scale counts, for all namebearing types (i.e., holotypes—HT, lectotypes—LT, neotypes—NT, syntypes—ST) to provide an easy overview of species. Additional details and the information for paratypes and paralectotypes can be found in the text. Character abbreviations are explained in the main text. For specimens where sex is indicated in red, we used the SCR value and not direct observation to estimate sex. Missing values are indicated by O. Specimen Type SCR SubC Species Synonym Sex SVL TL TTL V SC Dorsals SCE SL IL ILG Number Status (%) Condition LSUMZ admiraltiensis HT M 658 185 843 208 98 32 paired 17-19-15 4+5 8 10 10 93958 MSNG aruensis HT M 582 233 815 190 103 35 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 4 30186 BMNH australis HT M 503 135 638 205 77 27 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 1946.1.14.93 AMS australis darnleyensis HT F 720 O O 198 53+ O paired 17-17-15 4+5 9 10 5 R31894 AMS australis plumbeus HT M 1025 250 1275 220 74 25 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 9 10 5 R31895 BMNH batjanensis HT M 1239 321 1560 235 86 27 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 8 10 5 1946.1.11.36 FMNH borneensis HT F 783 221 1004 195 79 29 paired 17-17-15 4+5 10 11 5 164746 MNHN cucullatus HT M 769 254 1023 209 91 30 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 3412 MTKD a cucullatus magnus ST F O O O 207 74 26 paired O-19-O 4+5 8 O O 573 ZMB b cucullatus magnus ST M 975 265 1240 211 87 29 paired 19-19-17 3+4 8 10 5 8794 MZB derooijae HT M 455 193 648 181 94 34 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 8 Ophi.3288 MWNH diehli HT juv 196 56 252 179 82 31 paired 15-15-15 3+4 7 8 4 1244 NMW dorsalis HT M 805 245 1050 208 88 30 paired 15-15-15 4+5 8 10 5 14861 ZMA 9R florensis HT M 447 109 556 217 65 23 single 21-21-19 3+4+5 10 5 11080 8L BMNH guentheri LT F 683 165 848 192 64 25 paired 15-15-13 4+5 8 9 4 1946.1.11.38 ……continued on the next page" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), formerly
|
||
<specimenCode id="1001A744FFD0FFE1FC99FFFF0B1EFE2E" box="[891,1036,439,464]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">BMNH 63.3</specimenCode>
|
||
.28.31, an adult male, illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD0FFE1FF75FF9B0EA3FE0A" author="Gunther, A." box="[151,433,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="58 - 60" refId="ref43932" refString="Gunther, A. (1863 a) Contribution to the herpetology of Ceram. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3 (12), 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="1863">
|
||
Günther (1863a:
|
||
<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFD0FFE1FEB4FF9B0EB5FE0A" box="[342,423,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[362,1232,193,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[362,1232,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Holotype of Spilotes samarensis Peters, 1861, ZMB 4294, reported to be an adult male with TTL = 2070 mm in the original description, from Samar Island, The Philippines. The specimen is a rolled up skin with only parts of the tail still retaining a small amount of bone and tissue. Shown are views of the head in (A) dorsal, (B) right lateral, and (C) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607596/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD0FFE1FF25FFB80B64FDE6" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1010]" box="[199,1142,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FF25FFB80E77FDE6" bold="true" box="[199,357,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
“North Ceram” [northern Seram Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFD0FFE1FCCAFFB80CFFFDE6" box="[808,1005,511,536]" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Maluku Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD0FFE1FC15FFB80B79FDE6" box="[1015,1131,511,536]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD0FFE1FF25FC630BCBFCEB" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1010]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FF25FC630E55FDC3" bold="true" box="[199,327,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Collection.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD0FFE1FE8DFC630D58FDC2" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[367,586,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42396" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Folume I. Containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part. Taylor & Francis, London, United Kingdom, 448 pp." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger’s (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FDB0FC630DD5FDC3" box="[594,711,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Catalogue</emphasis>
|
||
, the specimen is listed as the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD0FFE1FBC4FC630B72FDC2" box="[1062,1120,548,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FB6AFC620B85FDC2" box="[1160,1175,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">L</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FB43FC630BE8FDC3" box="[1185,1274,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ielaphis</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD0FFE1FAEEFC630A9BFDC3" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[1292,1417,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FAEEFC630A9BFDC3" box="[1292,1417,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">holochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,” and it is implied that it was collected by Pieter Bleeker (although the specific designation of “C.” for “collector” used elsewhere in Boulenger’s listing is not printed in this case). However, this could merely indicate that Bleeker had shipped the specimen to London.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD0FFE1FDDEFCC80DF6FD56" author="Bleeker, P." box="[572,740,655,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42155" refString="Bleeker, P. (1856) Reis door de Minahassa en de Molukschen Archipel, gedaan in de Maanden September en Oktober 1855 in het Gevolg van den Gouverneur Generaal Mr. A. J. Duymaer van Twist. Lange & Co., Batavia [Jakarta, Indonesia], 350 pp." type="book" year="1856">Bleeker (1856)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that his party left
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD0FFE1FBF3FCC80B77FD56" box="[1041,1125,655,680]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
for the Banda Islands on
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFD0FFE1FA63FCD70E21FD33" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1855-10-11">11 October 1855</date>
|
||
and made a stop of only a few hours at Amahai on the south coast of Seram. Therefore, Bleeker would have been unable to collect this specimen himself in northern Seram, and it was most likely sent to him by someone in his network of suppliers, including Rosenberg, who is known to have collected there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFD0FFEEFF25FD580B1BFF4E" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD0FFE1FF25FD580E58FC0F" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1010]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FF25FD580D67FCC6" bold="true" box="[199,629,799,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Key characteristics of the
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFD0FFE1FDE5FD580D67FCC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140011" box="[519,629,799,824]" collectionCode="SVL, TTL, SCR, IL" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD0FFE1FDE5FD580D62FCC6" box="[519,624,799,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
O (915) mm SVL + O (277) mm TL =
|
||
<quantity id="875FA2DAFFD0FFE1FBB3FD670B9EFCC6" box="[1105,1164,799,824]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="43.0">43 in</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<quantity id="875FA2DAFFD0FFE1FB79FD670A1FFCC9" box="[1179,1293,800,824]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.092" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1092.0">1092 mm</quantity>
|
||
] (1192) mm TTL. V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD0FFE1FF0FFD150FEBFC9E" attach="left" box="[237,249,850,864]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD0FFE1FF0FFD150FEBFC9E" box="[237,249,850,864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 206 (206), SC
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD0FFE1FE54FD150ED0FC9E" attach="left" box="[438,450,850,864]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD0FFE1FE54FD150ED0FC9E" box="[438,450,850,864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 87 (87), SCR
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD0FFE1FD95FD150D91FC9E" attach="left" box="[631,643,850,864]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD0FFE1FD95FD150D91FC9E" box="[631,643,850,864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 0.30 (0.30), D = O (17-17-15), SL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD0FFE1FBC5FD150B22FC9E" attach="left" box="[1063,1072,850,864]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E</subScript>
|
||
= 3+4 (3+4), SL = 7 (7), IL = 8 (8), IL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD0FFE1FF01FD3E0FFCFC79" attach="left" box="[227,238,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</subScript>
|
||
= 5 (4). We believe that Günther must have counted the fifth infralabial scale as touching the anterior genial, even though that scale’s anteromedial corner does not touch the genial, but is positioned diagonally opposite. Since we do not believe that this character state has changed during preservation, we believe it to be Günther’s error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="14D85FB7FFD0FFE1FF75F9D20DBDF816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607598/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,250,1941,1963]" targetBox="[151,1436,1062,1918]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD0FFE1FF75F9D20DBDF816" blockId="23.[151,1436,1940,2024]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FF75F9D20E36F854" bold="true" box="[151,292,1941,1963]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD0FFE1FE5BF9D30C25F854" authority="Gunther, 1863 a" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[441,823,1940,1962]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD0FFE1FE5BF9D30D9AF854" box="[441,648,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coluber holochrous</emphasis>
|
||
Günther, 1863a
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BMNH 1946.1.11.40, an adult male from Seram Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Shown are the entire specimen (TTL = 1192 mm) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views, and its head in (C) dorsal, (D) right lateral, and (E) ventral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDFFFEEFF25FED00B1BFF4E" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,431]" box="[199,1033,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFF25FED00D45FF4E" bold="true" box="[199,599,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Key characteristics of the species.</emphasis>
|
||
See the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFCD1FEDF0CA5FF4E" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[819,951,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFCD1FEDF0CA5FF4E" box="[819,951,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFDFFFEEFF25FEF90EC0FE51" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDFFFEEFF25FEF90EC0FE51" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFF25FEF90E5DFF29" bold="true" box="[199,335,190,215]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Following the description of this species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDFFFEEFCCAFEF90CF0FF29" author="Gunther, A." box="[808,994,190,215]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="58 - 60" refId="ref43932" refString="Gunther, A. (1863 a) Contribution to the herpetology of Ceram. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3 (12), 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="1863">Günther (1863a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the division of
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFAE1FEF90A48FF29" box="[1283,1370,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colubri</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="B7D2A277FFDFFFEEFAB8FEFC0A7BFF37" attach="left" box="[1370,1385,187,201]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">10</superScript>
|
||
into subgenera, listing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFE90FEA50EDFFF05" box="[370,461,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFE90FEA50EDFFF05" box="[370,461,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Coluber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFE03FEA50D24FF05" box="[481,566,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elaphis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFE03FEA50D24FF05" box="[481,566,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Elaphis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFDAEFEA50DA4FF05" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[588,694,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cynophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFDAEFEA50DA4FF05" box="[588,694,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cynophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFD29FEA50C36FF05" authorityName="Samarensis Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[715,804,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Spilotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFD29FEA50C36FF05" box="[715,804,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Spilotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFC8DFEA50CE9FF05" box="[879,1019,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coryphodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFC8DFEA50CE9FF05" box="[879,1019,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Coryphodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and referencing his
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFAE1FEA50E4DFEE1" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDFFFEEFE92FF410D00FEE1" author="Gunther, A." box="[368,530,262,287]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref43899" refString="Gunther, A. (1858) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom, 281 pp." type="book" year="1858">Günther 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He noted that the species he described under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFB41FF410A32FEE1" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[1187,1312,262,287]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFB41FF410A32FEE1" box="[1187,1312,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">holochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not fit into any of these subgenera and proposed the name
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFD39FF6D0C51FEBD" box="[731,835,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lielaphis</emphasis>
|
||
as a sixth group, defined in the text, to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFF75FF080E27FE99" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,309,334,359]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFF75FF080E27FE99" box="[151,309,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. holochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDFFFEEFE61FF170EA1FE96" box="[387,435,336,360]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and referring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFD4EFF090C9AFE99" authorityName=", Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[684,904,334,359]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Spilotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFD4EFF090C9AFE99" box="[684,904,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Spilotes samarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to this new subgenus. His paper on new reptile records from Seram therefore not only featured the description of the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDFFFEEFBE4FF340BB7FE75" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1863" box="[1030,1189,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFBE4FF340BB7FE75" box="[1030,1189,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. holochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it also originated the genus-level name
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDFFFEEFE81FFD10ED9FE51" box="[355,459,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lielaphis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |