577 lines
71 KiB
XML
577 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="4DE16747289FE80630FAF17362D1B7BE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190108" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71b4484c-8936-43e3-a623-e05317bb64dd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190108" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461107726813" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jansen, Martin, Álvarez, Lucindo Gonzales & Köhler, Gunther" docDate="2009" docId="6221879CFFC13902E383F966F101FE05" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02222p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2222" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Xenopholis werdingorum Jansen, Álvarez & Köhler, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="9E18FFE4FFC33908E314FF8EF235FF9F" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Xenopholis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Cerrado of Bolivia, with comments on Xenopholis scalaris in Bolivia" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="31" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1545131134897" originalUpdateUser="gglab" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698593723615" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A4D4DA14CC986D0C4CC98C9EE36616D2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7A0320F35ED63F72231CCD273E379557">
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<mods:title id="12B7C8186AD5B0B620D5B78DC304C9A4">Description of a new species of Xenopholis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Cerrado of Bolivia, with comments on Xenopholis scalaris in Bolivia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="82A5897F7BCEC90D2990A0E8A11C76CB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6099154587BC130235E123665AC90DBE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="678FC486E6D4ED8549712A2A14443C95">Jansen, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="85CB959EE02738563CB6964047C4A115">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="55DD5554D798748CA5742C903B7F758A">Álvarez, Lucindo Gonzales</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="65A4C4FD9E64FF783237362D90F3F7FF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5C85D6D7E54A3A7FB9596A27A2337ACB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="396EDCD1D8E1749398D5B331C6A8381C">Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C5B5309DDAF26D19C6E79F94CCB8C865">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="66D145DA8F4C2C174F9CB3506C9317A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0F8E72C778F4A1431347867A657E24DB">
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<mods:date id="374C84DF7BEB6293A131E3D280A9B880">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="42690EE4C034D433F8008D325557B80A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B37DB9BD258E56F95EA814FCE3CCCE05">2222</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5AFEEF1BEEAB5D37917FCE142E716389">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D0BB8478E940D8D8B0E8F5014AA7371B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190108</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D9FCA4698B709E65F4594CD7951657F7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6221879CFFC13902E383F966F101FE05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670022" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6221879CFFC13902E383F966F101FE05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6221879CFFC13902E383F966F101FE05" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="A2926501FFC1390AE383F966F32DF8BB" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC1390AE383F966F01AF89D" blockId="2.[151,559,1768,1828]" box="[151,559,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="B17F81E6FFC1390AE383F966F01AF89D" bold="true" box="[151,559,1768,1794]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC1390AE383F966F01AF89D" bold="true" box="[151,559,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC1390AE383F966F3FFF89D" box="[151,458,1768,1794]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC1390AE383F966F3FFF89D" bold="true" box="[151,458,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Xenopholis werdingorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C3CF57E3FFC1390AE2C5F966F01AF89D" box="[465,559,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC1390AE383F884F32DF8BB" blockId="2.[151,559,1768,1828]" box="[151,280,1802,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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(
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<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC1390AE38BF884F33AF8BB" box="[159,271,1802,1828]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,1917,1941]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,255,1184,1208]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,255,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,929,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,194,1159]" captionTargetBox-2="[257,1329,1298,1967]" captionTargetBox-3="[254,1225,195,1146]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,929,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1160]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[227,1360,1261,1987]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,176,1178]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Xenopholis werdingorum (MNKR 4700). Photo: A. Schulze." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Portrait of head of holotype of Xenopholis werdingorum (MNKR 4700). Photo: M. Jansen." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Head (lateral view) of holotype of Xenopholis werdingorum (MNKR 4700). Scale 10 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Paratype (ZSM 5113 / 2005) of Xenopholis werdingorum. a) dorsal view; b) lateral view of midbody. Photo: M. Jansen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190110/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190111/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190112/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/190113/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A2926501FFC1390BE383F8D6F685FEB9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC1390AE383F8D6F000F820" blockId="2.[151,1437,1880,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<materialsCitation id="5AE03CD7FFC1390AE383F8D6F000F820" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1947413694" collectingDate="2006-10-25" collectionCode="MNKR" collectorName="M. Jansen & A. Schulze" country="Bolivia" elevation="550" latitude="-16.21676" location="Hacienda San Sebastián, Province of Nuflo de Chavez" longitude="-62.00017" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="MNKR 4700" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC1390AE383F8D6F327F8ED" bold="true" box="[151,274,1880,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="35338828FFC1390AE383F8D6F33BF8ED" box="[151,270,1880,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="8C99AE4FFFC1390AE20EF8D6F347F8ED" box="[282,370,1880,1906]" collectionName="MNKR" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">MNKR</collectionCode>
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4700,
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<specimenCount id="FC8EFD03FFC1390AE2D6F8D6F062F8ED" box="[450,599,1880,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
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; Hacienda San Sebastián (
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<geoCoordinate id="8FBC504DFFC1390AE09AF8D6F619F8ED" box="[910,1068,1880,1906]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="-16.361267">S 16°21.676’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8FBC504DFFC1390AE723F8D6F6D4F8ED" box="[1079,1249,1880,1906]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="-62.000282">W 62°00.017’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="61A5D1B9FFC1390AE7F8F8D6F70FF8ED" box="[1260,1338,1880,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">550 m</elevation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC1390AE652F8D6F7B8F8ED" box="[1350,1421,1880,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,503,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,503,1626]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Map showing localities of Xenopholis in Bolivia and adjacent areas. Xenopholis scalaris (squares), X. undulatus (circles), and X. werdingorum (triangles). Open symbols represent type localities. Question marks: doubtful records of X. scalaris given by Boulenger (1896) and Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970 b) in Bolivia, and probable occurrence of X. werdingorum in the Pantanal of Brazil (see text for details). Additional distribution data taken from Amaral (1923, 1926), Bernarde and Abe (2006), Cadle et al. (2003), Cunha et al. (1985), Harvey et al. (1998), Jensen (1901), Lehr (2002), Loebmann (2009), Pérez-Santos and Moreno (1988, 1991), Schenkel (1902), Strüssman and Sazima (1993), and Wucherer (1862)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190114/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), Province of
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<collectingRegion id="284CF868FFC1390AE23CF8F1F3C6F806" box="[296,499,1919,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ñuflo de Chávez</collectingRegion>
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, Department of
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<collectingMunicipality id="0A53ACF0FFC1390AE1A7F8F1F10DF806" box="[691,824,1919,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Santa Cruz</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="929F761AFFC1390AE051F8F1F1AAF806" box="[837,927,1919,1945]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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; collected about 2300 hours on
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<date id="9E36104AFFC1390AE60CF8F1F2E4F820" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="2006-10-25">
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<collectingDate id="8E72E9A2FFC1390AE60CF8F1F2E4F820" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="2006-10-25">25 October 2006</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="477D535CFFC1390AE3E9F82BF007F820" box="[253,562,1957,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">M. Jansen and A. Schulze</collectorName>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC1390BE3D1F845F685FEB9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1880,2022]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,874]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<materialsCitation id="5AE03CD7FFC1390BE3D1F845F1CEFF60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1949138299" collectingDate="1926-09-20" collectingDateMax="1926-09-28" collectingDateMin="1926-09-20" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="German Chaco Expedition" country="Bolivia" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" location="old cattle post San Ignacio near San José de Chiquitos, province of Chiquitos" municipality="Santa Cruz" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="ZSM 5113/2005" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC1390AE3D1F845F363F87A" bold="true" box="[197,342,1995,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="35338828FFC1390AE3D1F845F365F87A" box="[197,336,1995,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="8C99AE4FFFC1390AE24AF842F3A8F879" box="[350,413,1996,2022]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZSM</collectionCode>
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5113/2005,
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<specimenCount id="FC8EFD03FFC1390AE12FF842F0E8F879" box="[571,733,1996,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
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; old cattle post San Ignacio near San José de Chiquitos (“…verlassene Ranchogruppe San Ignacio…,”,
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<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC0390BE1DBFF16F16CFF2D" author="Krieg" box="[719,857,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" refString="Krieg, H. (1931) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Gran Chaco-Expedition. Geographische Ubersicht und illustrierter Routenbericht. Strecker und Schroder Verlag, Stuttgart. 95 pp." type="book" year="1931">Krieg 1931</bibRefCitation>
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:71), Province of
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<collectingRegion id="284CF868FFC0390BE731FF16F6AEFF2D" box="[1061,1179,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Chiquitos</collectingRegion>
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, Department of
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<collectingMunicipality id="0A53ACF0FFC0390BE64EFF16F2E6FF47" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Santa Cruz</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="929F761AFFC0390BE3CBFF30F30CFF47" box="[223,313,190,216]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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; collected by the German Chaco Expedition, which was between
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<date id="9E36104AFFC0390BE755FF30F74BFF47" box="[1089,1406,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1926-09-20" valueMax="1926-09-28" valueMin="1926-09-20">
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||
<collectingDate id="8E72E9A2FFC0390BE755FF30F74BFF47" box="[1089,1406,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1926-09-20" valueMax="1926-09-28" valueMin="1926-09-20">20 and 28 September 1926</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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in that area according to the narration of the expedition by
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<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC0390BE046FF6BF1C0FF60" author="Krieg" box="[850,1013,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" refString="Krieg, H. (1931) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Gran Chaco-Expedition. Geographische Ubersicht und illustrierter Routenbericht. Strecker und Schroder Verlag, Stuttgart. 95 pp." type="book" year="1931">Krieg (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="5AE03CD7FFC0390BE717FF6BF685FEB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1949138300" collectingDate="2008-12-03" collectionCode="MNKR" collectorName="A. Schulze" country="Bolivia" elevation="550" latitude="-16.21676" location="Hacienda San Sebastián, Province of Nuflo de Chavez" longitude="-62.00017" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="MNKR 4701" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectionCode id="8C99AE4FFFC0390BE717FF6BF66BFF60" box="[1027,1118,229,255]" collectionName="MNKR" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">MNKR</collectionCode>
|
||
4701,
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<specimenCount id="FC8EFD03FFC0390BE7A0FF6BF764FF60" box="[1204,1361,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
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||
, same locality data as holotype, collected about 2055 hours on
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<date id="9E36104AFFC0390BE03FFE82F1C9FEB9" box="[811,1020,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2008-12-03">
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||
<collectingDate id="8E72E9A2FFC0390BE03FFE82F1C9FEB9" box="[811,1020,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2008-12-03">3 December 2008</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
by
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||
<collectorName id="477D535CFFC0390BE733FE82F699FEB9" box="[1063,1196,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">A. Schulze</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A2926501FFC0390BE3D1FEBCF112FE78" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC0390BE3D1FEBCF112FE78" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE3D1FEBCF360FED3" bold="true" box="[197,341,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The name
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||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE2C3FEBCF041FED4" box="[471,628,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
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||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE2C3FEBCF041FED4" box="[471,628,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is a noun in the genitive case, proposed to honor the family Werding, owners of
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC0390BE200FED7F372FEEC" box="[276,327,345,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Hacienda San Sebastián. Lutz Werding provided great hospitality and encouragement for our inventories of the flora and fauna on their property. Furthermore, the family Werding generously provided broad logistic and financial support for the building of a biological research station (Centro de Investigaciónes Ecológicas Chiquitos) on their grounds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A2926501FFC0390DE3D1FE7DF731FA51" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC0390BE3D1FE7DF144FCF5" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE3D1FE7DF37DFD92" bold="true" box="[197,328,499,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species can be identified as a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE732FE7AF69EFD92" box="[1062,1195,500,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE732FE7AF69EFD92" box="[1062,1195,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its characteristic vertebral morphology (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC0390BE2F4FD94F08EFDAB" author="Boulenger" box="[480,699,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 3. Containing the Colubridae (Opistoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. London, Trustees of the British Museum. 727 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Externally, the new species differs from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE383FDCFF316FDC5" box="[151,291,577,602]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE383FDCFF316FDC5" box="[151,291,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE132FDCFF046FDC5" box="[550,627,577,602]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE132FDCFF046FDC5" box="[550,627,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Clelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a unique dorsal color pattern (dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces of head and body dark brown with an iridescent sheen, grading to yellowish orange laterally and onto venter). The new species can be distinguished from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE0CBFD01F656FD37" box="[991,1123,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE0CBFD01F656FD37" box="[991,1123,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE640FD01F7A9FD37" box="[1364,1436,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE640FD01F7A9FD37" box="[1364,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Clelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: (1) 19-19-17 dorsal scale rows; (2) 171–179 ventrals (mean 176, n = 3); (3) 38–40 subcaudals (mean 39, n = 3); (4) no apical pits on dorsal scales; (5) two to three supralabials in contact with the eye; (6) eye diameter 0.35 times the distance between the eye and the tip of the snout; (7) one anterior and two posterior temporals; (8) two prefrontals; (9) a narrow septum within the neural spine and perpendicular to its long axis, as seen in x-ray images (
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC0390BE00FFCDEF156FCF5" box="[795,867,848,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,1023,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1006,1608]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. X-ray image of vertebrae of a.) Clelia bicolor (SMF 86639), b.) Xenopholis scalaris (SMF 88380), c.) X. undulatus (ZSM 5114 / 2005), d.) X. werdingorum (ZSM 5113 / 2005, paratype), and e.) X. werdingorum (MNKR 4700, holotype). ns = neural spine; sep = septum; see text for details. Photos: J. Habersetzer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190115/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFC0390BE383F8F3F61BF80B" box="[151,1070,1917,1941]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190110/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[151,1434,929,1892]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC0390BE383F8F3F61BF80B" blockId="3.[151,1070,1917,1941]" box="[151,1070,1917,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE383F8F3F32CF80A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1917,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC0390BE2B2F8F0F081F80A" box="[422,692,1918,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC0390BE2B2F8F0F081F80A" box="[422,692,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Xenopholis werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNKR 4700). Photo: A. Schulze.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFC7390CE383FB2EF6DCFB28" box="[151,1257,1184,1208]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1434,194,1159]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC7390CE383FB2EF6DCFB28" blockId="4.[151,1257,1184,1208]" box="[151,1257,1184,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC7390CE383FB2EF32CFB27" bold="true" box="[151,281,1184,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Portrait of head of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC7390CE17EFB2EF142FB28" box="[618,887,1184,1207]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC7390CE17EFB2EF142FB28" box="[618,887,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Xenopholis werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNKR 4700). Photo: M. Jansen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFC7390CE383F855F6D6F86D" box="[151,1251,2011,2035]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190112/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[257,1329,1298,1967]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC7390CE383F855F6D6F86D" blockId="4.[151,1251,2011,2035]" box="[151,1251,2011,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC7390CE383F855F32CF86C" bold="true" box="[151,281,2011,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Head (lateral view) of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC7390CE186F855F1AAF86D" box="[658,927,2011,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC7390CE186F855F1AAF86D" box="[658,927,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Xenopholis werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNKR 4700). Scale 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFC6390DE383FB3FF33FFB74" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190113/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[254,1225,195,1146]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC6390DE383FB3FF33FFB74" blockId="5.[151,1437,1201,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE383FB3FF32FFB56" bold="true" box="[151,282,1201,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype (ZSM 5113/2005) of
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE17EFB3CF1B5FB56" box="[618,896,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE17EFB3CF14EFB56" box="[618,891,1202,1225]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">Xenopholis werdingorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a) dorsal view; b) lateral view of midbody. Photo: M. Jansen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC6390DE3D1FA94F731FA51" blockId="5.[151,1437,1306,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE3D1FA94F3C5FAAC" box="[197,496,1306,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE3D1FA94F3C5FAAC" box="[197,496,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Xenopholis werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE199FA94F139FAAC" box="[653,780,1306,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elapomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE199FA94F139FAAC" box="[653,780,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">X. scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE0B0FA94F616FAAC" box="[932,1059,1306,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elapomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE0B0FA94F616FAAC" box="[932,1059,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">X. scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses) in color pattern (dirty brick red above, narrow black spots on the sides;
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC6390DE03CFACEF15AFAC5" box="[808,879,1344,1370]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,255,2010,2034]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1077,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1077,1986]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Juvenile of Xenopholis scalaris (SMF 88380), Arútam, Ecuador. Photo: G. Köhler." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); number of prefrontals (one prefrontal); shape of loreal (loreal as long as wide or only slightly longer); number of supralabials in contact with the eye (two); number of ventrals (127–146); dorsal scale rows at midbody (17-17-17); number of subcaudals (28–36); and vertebral morphology (no narrow septum within the neural spine visible in x-ray images,
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC6390DE7BBFA3AF6C0FA51" box="[1199,1269,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,1023,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1006,1608]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. X-ray image of vertebrae of a.) Clelia bicolor (SMF 86639), b.) Xenopholis scalaris (SMF 88380), c.) X. undulatus (ZSM 5114 / 2005), d.) X. werdingorum (ZSM 5113 / 2005, paratype), and e.) X. werdingorum (MNKR 4700, holotype). ns = neural spine; sep = septum; see text for details. Photos: J. Habersetzer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A2926501FFC63900E3D1FA55F3F2FCA3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC6390DE3D1FA55F111F9F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1306,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE21AFA55F39CFA6B" box="[270,425,1499,1524]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE21AFA55F39CFA6B" box="[270,425,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">X. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species is distinguished (features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE0C9FA55F642FA6B" box="[989,1143,1499,1524]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE0C9FA55F642FA6B" box="[989,1143,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">X. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses) in body color pattern (dorsal ground color yellowish, with a brown or black undulating band and lateral series of black spots;
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC6390DE3F1F9A6F31AF9DD" box="[229,303,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox="[151,1364,194,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,194,1184]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Xenopholis undulatus (NMB 1865, type of Paroxyrhopus reticularis Schenkel). a) lateral view of midbody; b) dorsal view. Photo: M. Jansen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190117/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); coloration of head (dark streak behind the eye present; upper lip yellowish); and number of supralabials entering the eye (usually two, rarely three).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC6390DE3D1F9F8F1C3F8CE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1306,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
From the superficially similar species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE05EF9F8F1A3F910" box="[842,918,1654,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE05EF9F8F1A3F910" box="[842,918,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Clelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE0BDF9F8F697F910" box="[937,1186,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE0BDF9F8F61CF910" box="[937,1065,1654,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">C. bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE722F9F8F697F910" box="[1078,1186,1654,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clelia">C. clelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE7A6F9F8F745F910" box="[1202,1392,1654,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equatoriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE7A6F9F8F745F910" box="[1202,1392,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. equatoriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE694F9F8F326F929" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="errabunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE694F9F8F326F929" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. errabunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE237F913F0FCF929" box="[291,713,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE237F913F39FF929" box="[291,426,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hussami">C. hussami</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE2A2F913F007F929" box="[438,562,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langeri">C. langeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE12AF913F0FCF929" box="[574,713,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">C. montana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE1CDF913F154F929" box="[729,865,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE1CDF913F154F929" box="[729,865,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. plumbea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE065F913F6B1F929" box="[881,1156,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE065F913F1DCF929" box="[881,1001,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rustica">C. rustica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE0E2F913F6B1F929" box="[1014,1156,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scytalina">C. scytalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE7D2F913F719F929" box="[1222,1324,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE7D2F913F719F929" box="[1222,1324,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. quimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) the new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE200F94DF3ADF943" box="[276,408,1731,1756]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE200F94DF3ADF943" box="[276,408,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE189F94DF0D0F943" box="[669,741,1731,1756]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE189F94DF0D0F943" box="[669,741,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Clelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses) by number of subcaudals (more than 43 in all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE221F964F348F89C" box="[309,381,1770,1795]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE221F964F348F89C" box="[309,381,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Clelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); number of ventrals in females (more than 192, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE71EF964F6B0F89B" box="[1034,1157,1770,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">C. bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
); supralabials in contact with the eye (two); anterior temporals (usually two, rarely one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE0B4F89EF624F8B5" box="[928,1041,1808,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rustica">C. rustica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC6390DE758F89EF6F3F8B5" box="[1100,1222,1808,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">C. bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC6390DE7C7F89EF71FF8B5" box="[1235,1322,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,1316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,1270,1963]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10. Head (lateral view) of Clelia bicolor (MNKR 4703), Hacienda El Espinal, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190118/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); and eye diameter (0.5 times the distance between the eye and the tip of the snout).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC6390DE3D1F8D3F084F873" blockId="5.[151,1437,1306,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC6390DE3D1F8D3F3C8F8E8" bold="true" box="[197,509,1885,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC6390DE290F8D3F3CDF8E8" box="[388,504,1885,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFC6390DE1A2F8D0F118F8E7" box="[694,813,1886,1912]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,1917,1941]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,255,1184,1208]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,929,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,194,1159]" captionTargetBox-2="[257,1329,1298,1967]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,929,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1160]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[227,1360,1261,1987]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Xenopholis werdingorum (MNKR 4700). Photo: A. Schulze." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Portrait of head of holotype of Xenopholis werdingorum (MNKR 4700). Photo: M. Jansen." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Head (lateral view) of holotype of Xenopholis werdingorum (MNKR 4700). Scale 10 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190110/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190111/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190112/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
), preserved in 70 % alcohol. Head little wider than neck; body long and diameter equal in all extensions; tail short relative to body, with conical tip; iris black and pupil round; nostril at anterior part of nasal scale; maxillary teeth aproximately 12, the last two grooved and separated from the others by a large diastema.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC5390EE3D1FF19F317FE5F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE3D1FF19F3B3FF2E" bold="true" box="[197,390,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Measurements:</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 338 mm; TL 52 mm; TTL 390 mm; head length 13.9 mm; height of head at level of parietals 4.9 mm; height of head at level of nostrils 3.0 mm; largest width at level of parietals 7.9 mm; width at level of nostrils 3.6 mm; diameter of orbit 1.6 mm, approximately 0.35 times the distance from eye to snout; diameter of body at level of neck 6.2 mm; diameter of body at level of midbody 10.0 mm; diameter of body one head length before cloaca 6.4 mm; diameter of base of tail 5.3 mm; diameter of middle of tail 4.0 mm; diameter of final part at level of last middorsocaudal scale 1.5 mm; length of conical tip of tail 1.8 mm; length of ultimate dorsal 0.9 mm; length of ultimate subcaudal 0.8 mm; proportions: TL/SVL: 0.15; head length/total length 0.36.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFC5390EE383F9FCF3E0F8C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190114/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1435,503,1626]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC5390EE383F9FCF3E0F8C6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1650,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE383F9FCF32AF915" bold="true" box="[151,287,1650,1674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC5390EE146F9FCF0FAF916" box="[594,719,1650,1673]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE146F9FCF0FAF916" box="[594,719,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Bolivia and adjacent areas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC5390EE73EF9FCF732F916" box="[1066,1287,1650,1673]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE73EF9FCF732F916" box="[1066,1287,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Xenopholis scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(squares),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC5390EE690F9FCF334F933" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE690F9FCF334F933" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">X. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(circles), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC5390EE28AF91BF078F933" box="[414,589,1685,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE28AF91BF078F933" box="[414,589,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">X. werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles). Open symbols represent type localities. Question marks: doubtful records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC5390EE204F936F3BCF950" box="[272,393,1720,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE204F936F3BCF950" box="[272,393,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">X. scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by Boulenger (1896) and Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970b) in Bolivia, and probable occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC5390EE220F954F3D3F96E" box="[308,486,1754,1777]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE220F954F3D3F96E" box="[308,486,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">X. werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pantanal of Brazil (see text for details). Additional distribution data taken from Amaral (1923, 1926), Bernarde and Abe (2006), Cadle
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE1E7F973F11FF88B" box="[755,810,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003), Cunha
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE0C0F973F639F88B" box="[980,1036,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985), Harvey
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC5390EE7D4F973F6C2F88B" box="[1216,1271,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998), Jensen (1901), Lehr (2002), Loebmann (2009), Pérez-Santos and Moreno (1988, 1991), Schenkel (1902), Strüssman and Sazima (1993), and Wucherer (1862).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC5390FE3D1F806F05DFD50" blockId="6.[151,1436,1928,2031]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,951]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Pholidosis: Rostral wider than high; portion of tip of rostral visible from above less than length of suture between internasals; internasals wider than long (right internasal: width 1.8 mm, length 1.4 mm); prefrontals about as long as wide (right prefrontal: width 2.3 mm, length 2.2 mm); supraocular small (width 0.9 mm, length 1.3 mm); frontal irregularly heptagonal (width 3.7 mm, length 3.5 mm); nasal scales long (length 2.5 mm), in contact with loreal; preoculars 1/1, (right preocular: height 1.7 mm, length 1.2 mm); one loreal; 2/2 postoculars, lower postocular pentagonal and smaller than upper; supralabials 8/8; third to fifth supralabials in contact with eye; first supralabial triangular and smaller than others, third supralabial elongated posterodorsally at tip and reaching to eye; fourth supralabial below eye, fifth below eye and lower postocular; sixth and seventh supralabial below anterior temporal; sixth largest, irregular pentagonal; 1/1 anterior and 2/2 posterior temporals; anterior temporal narrow and long (right anterior temporal: height 1.4 mm, length 2.9 mm); upper and lower posterior temporals about same size (right lower posterior temporal: height 1.1 mm, length 2.0 mm; right upper posterior temporal: height 1.2 mm, length 1.7 mm); mental triangular (width 1.8 mm, length 1.4 mm); infralabials 9/9; first four infralabials in contact with anterior chin shields; fourth and fifth infralabials in contact with posterior chin shields; ninth infralabial smallest, fifth infralabial largest; anterior chin shields longer than posterior chin shields; anterior chin shields wider anteriorly than posteriorly; seven gular scales; one preventral; 178 ventrals; cloacal scute entire; 38 subcaudals; subcaudals/ventrals 0.21; dorsal scales smooth, in 19-19-17 rows, without apical pits; 12 dorsal scale rows at base of tail, eight at middle, and three before terminal scale.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC4390FE3D1FD52F1D6FCF5" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Color in life: Dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces of head and body dark brown with an iridescent sheen, grading to yellowish orange laterally and onto venter, scales of pale lateral region with dark edges; throat and venter creamy white; supralabials creamy white to pale yellow, except upper tips of supralabials below eye and posterior to eye, which are the same color as dorsal portion of head.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC4390FE3D1FCF8F0CFFC28" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Color in alcohol: Very similar as described for specimen in life, except that lateral brownish orange and orange-yellow portions have faded to creamy white.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFC4390FE383F9EEF618F922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190115/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[164,1423,1023,1596]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC4390FE383F9EEF618F922" blockId="7.[151,1437,1632,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE383F9EEF32EF9E7" bold="true" box="[151,283,1632,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
X-ray image of vertebrae of a.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC4390FE169F9EFF120F9E7" box="[637,789,1633,1656]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE169F9EFF120F9E7" box="[637,789,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Clelia bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMF 86639), b.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC4390FE0F7F9EFF68CF9E7" box="[995,1209,1633,1656]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE0F7F9EFF68CF9E7" box="[995,1209,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Xenopholis scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMF 88380), c.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC4390FE691F9EFF337F905" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE691F9EFF337F905" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">X. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 5114/2005), d.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC4390FE114F90DF085F905" box="[512,688,1667,1690]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE114F90DF085F905" box="[512,688,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">X. werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 5113/2005, paratype), and e.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC4390FE753F90DF6C3F905" box="[1095,1270,1667,1690]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE753F90DF6C3F905" box="[1095,1270,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">X. werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNKR 4700, holotype). ns = neural spine; sep = septum; see text for details. Photos: J. Habersetzer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC4390FE3D1F965F12BF858" blockId="7.[151,1437,1771,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC4390FE3D1F965F377F89A" bold="true" box="[197,322,1771,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC4390FE296F965F3C7F89A" box="[386,498,1771,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are very similar in scalation and pholidosis to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC4390FE75DF965F685F89A" box="[1097,1200,1771,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="A70A0331FFC4390FE7FBF965F770F89A" box="[1263,1349,1771,1797]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,241,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,612]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative morphometric and meristic data of Xenopholis species. See text for data sources. TTL: Total" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BEF76602FFCB3900E383FF19F7A9FF30" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="BEF76602FFCB3900E383FF19F7A9FF30">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). ZSM 5113/2005 (adult female; SVL 353mm; TL 58mm): 179 ventrals and 40 subcaudals; fourth to fifth supralabials contact eye; posterior upper edge of third supralabial elongated, reaching eye on both sides; only right parietal in contact with sixth supralabial, maxillary teeth aproximately 11. MNKR 4701 (adult female; SVL 312mm; TL 55mm): 171 ventrals and 40 subcaudals; 8 supralabials (3rd to 5th in contact with the eye); left and right parietals in contact with sixth supralabial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFCB3900E383FF19F7A9FF30" ID-Table-UUID="BEF76602FFCB3900E383FF19F7A9FF30" box="[151,1436,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BEF76602FFCB3900E383FF19F7A9FF30" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[151,1436,237,612]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCB3900E383FF19F7A9FF30" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,209]" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E383FF19F339FF30" bold="true" box="[151,268,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparative morphometric and meristic data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCB3900E03EFF16F191FF30" box="[810,932,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E03EFF16F191FF30" box="[810,932,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. See text for data sources. TTL: Total
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCB3900E383FF34F3A5FF4E" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,209]" box="[151,400,186,209]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">length; TL: Tail length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCB3900E38BFF63F756FDB5" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<table id="9888C42AFFCBC6F7E383FF63F7A9FDFB" box="[151,1436,237,612]" gridcols="10" gridrows="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<tr id="54B834C8FFCBC6F7E383FF63F7A9FE80" box="[151,1436,237,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E383FF63F30CFE80" box="[151,313,237,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E258FF63F3F5FE80" box="[332,448,237,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Distribution</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E2C7FF63F066FE80" box="[467,595,237,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Body size (mm)</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E173FF63F08EFE80" box="[615,699,237,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Ventrals</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E1D8FF63F113FE80" box="[716,806,237,287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Sub- caudals</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E040FF63F18DFE80" box="[852,952,237,287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Dorsal scale rows</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E0DDFF63F670FE80" box="[969,1093,237,287]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Supralabials (eye contact)</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E742FF63F6A0FE80" box="[1110,1173,237,287]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Infra- labials</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E7BAFF63F726FE80" box="[1198,1299,237,287]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Temporals</th>
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E632FF63F7A9FE80" box="[1318,1436,237,287]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Pre- frontals</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54B834C8FFCBC6F7E383FEBCF7A9FE00" box="[151,1436,306,415]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E383FEBCF30CFE00" box="[151,313,306,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCB3900E38BFEBCF2DEFEFA" box="[159,267,306,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E38BFEBCF2DEFEFA" box="[159,267,306,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenopholis scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E258FEBCF3F5FE00" box="[332,448,306,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Ecuador, Columbia, Peru, Brasil, Bolivia</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E2C7FEBCF066FE00" box="[467,595,306,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TTL 250 390; TL 40 55</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E173FEBCF08EFE00" box="[615,699,306,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">127 144</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E1D8FEBCF113FE00" box="[716,806,306,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">28 35</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E040FEBCF18DFE00" box="[852,952,306,415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">17-17-17</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E0DDFEBCF670FE00" box="[969,1093,306,415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">8 (4 5), rarely 7 (3 4)</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E742FEBCF6A0FE00" box="[1110,1173,306,415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">9</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E7BAFEBCF726FE00" box="[1198,1299,306,415]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">1+2</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E632FEBCF7A9FE00" box="[1318,1436,306,415]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54B834C8FFCBC6F7E383FE3CF7A9FD9D" box="[151,1436,434,514]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E383FE3CF30CFD9D" box="[151,313,434,514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCB3900E38BFE3CF32DFE58" box="[159,280,434,455]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E38BFE3CF32DFE58" box="[159,280,434,455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">X. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E258FE3CF3F5FD9D" box="[332,448,434,514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Brazil, Paraguay</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E2C7FE3CF066FD9D" box="[467,595,434,514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TTL up to 465; TL up to 70</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E173FE3CF08EFD9D" box="[615,699,434,514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">166 181</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E1D8FE3CF113FD9D" box="[716,806,434,514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">39 42</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E040FE3CF18DFD9D" box="[852,952,434,514]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">19-19-17</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E0DDFE3CF670FD9D" box="[969,1093,434,514]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">8 (4 5, rarely 3 5 or 3 4)</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E742FE3CF6A0FD9D" box="[1110,1173,434,514]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">9</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E7BAFE3CF726FD9D" box="[1198,1299,434,514]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">1+2</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E632FE3CF7A9FD9D" box="[1318,1436,434,514]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54B834C8FFCBC6F7E383FD9BF7A9FDFB" box="[151,1436,533,612]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<th id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E383FD9BF30CFDFB" box="[151,313,533,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCB3900E38BFD9BF30CFDB5" box="[159,313,533,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werdingorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E38BFD9BF30CFDB5" box="[159,313,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">X. werdingorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E258FD9BF3F5FDFB" box="[332,448,533,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Bolivia</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E2C7FD9BF066FDFB" box="[467,595,533,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TTL 367– 411; TL 55– 58</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E173FD9BF08EFDFB" box="[615,699,533,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">171 179</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E1D8FD9BF113FDFB" box="[716,806,533,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">38 40</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E040FD9BF18DFDFB" box="[852,952,533,612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">19-19-17</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E0DDFD9BF670FDFB" box="[969,1093,533,612]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">8 (3 5), rarely (4 5)</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E742FD9BF6A0FDFB" box="[1110,1173,533,612]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">9</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E7BAFD9BF726FDFB" box="[1198,1299,533,612]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">1+2</td>
|
||
<td id="17695DB4FFCBC6F7E632FD9BF7A9FDFB" box="[1318,1436,533,612]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCB3900E3D1FD20F3F2FCA3" blockId="8.[151,1436,686,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Coloration of
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFCB3900E261FD20F3D9FD57" box="[373,492,686,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in alcohol very similar to that of
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFCB3900E081FD20F633FD57" box="[917,1030,686,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: uniform dorsal and dorsolateral coloration on head and body (chocolate brown in ZSM 5113/2005, dark chocolate brown in MNKR 4701); in ZSM 5113/2005 dorsal coloration bordered by a longitudinal line of scattered, similarly dark dots, extending to level of cloaca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFCB3900E264FCACF382FCA3" box="[368,439,802,828]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[254,1225,195,1146]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,176,1178]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paratype (ZSM 5113 / 2005) of Xenopholis werdingorum. a) dorsal view; b) lateral view of midbody. Photo: M. Jansen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190113/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A2926501FFCB3902E3D1FCC6F101FE05" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCB3900E3D1FCC6F664FC61" blockId="8.[151,1436,686,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E3D1FCC6F056FCFD" bold="true" box="[197,611,840,866]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFCB3900E746FCC7F6B0FCFC" box="[1106,1157,841,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and from close to San José, Department of Santa Cruz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="72B32A0FFFCB3900E19EFCFEF0E2FC15" box="[650,727,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,503,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,503,1626]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Map showing localities of Xenopholis in Bolivia and adjacent areas. Xenopholis scalaris (squares), X. undulatus (circles), and X. werdingorum (triangles). Open symbols represent type localities. Question marks: doubtful records of X. scalaris given by Boulenger (1896) and Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970 b) in Bolivia, and probable occurrence of X. werdingorum in the Pantanal of Brazil (see text for details). Additional distribution data taken from Amaral (1923, 1926), Bernarde and Abe (2006), Cadle et al. (2003), Cunha et al. (1985), Harvey et al. (1998), Jensen (1901), Lehr (2002), Loebmann (2009), Pérez-Santos and Moreno (1988, 1991), Schenkel (1902), Strüssman and Sazima (1993), and Wucherer (1862)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190114/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Photographs and descriptions of specimens reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFCB3900E383FC18F3C8FC2F" author="Strussman" box="[151,509,918,944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Strussmann, C. & C. & Sazima, I. (1993) The snake assemblage of the Pantanal at Pocone, Western Brazil: Faunal Composition and Ecological Summary. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 28, 157 - 168." type="journal article" year="1993">Strüssman and Sazima (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFCB3900E12DFC18F108FC2F" box="[569,829,918,944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refString="Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & I. Sazima, (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal. Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp." type="book">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E1BDFC19F0D3FC2F" box="[681,742,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest this taxon might also be distributed in the Pantanal (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFCB3900E229FC33F0AAFC48" author="Strussmann" box="[317,671,957,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Strussmann, C. & C. & Sazima, I. (1993) The snake assemblage of the Pantanal at Pocone, Western Brazil: Faunal Composition and Ecological Summary. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 28, 157 - 168." type="journal article" year="1993">Strüssmann and Sazima 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFCB3900E1B9FC33F194FC48" author="Marques" box="[685,929,957,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refString="Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & I. Sazima, (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal. Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E009FC33F16CFC49" box="[797,857,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its occurrence in other neighboring open areas is possible, such as the savanna and Cerrado habitats of the Beni in Bolivia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFCB3900E383F854F6A4F86E" box="[151,1169,2010,2034]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190116/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[151,1435,1077,1986]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCB3900E383F854F6A4F86E" blockId="8.[151,1169,2010,2034]" box="[151,1169,2010,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E383F854F32FF86D" bold="true" box="[151,282,2010,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCB3900E288F854F05AF86E" box="[412,623,2010,2033]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCB3900E288F854F05AF86E" box="[412,623,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Xenopholis scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMF 88380), Arútam, Ecuador. Photo: G. Köhler.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFCA3901E383FB36F3CEFB6D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190117/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1364,194,1164]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCA3901E383FB36F3CEFB6D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1208,1266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCA3901E383FB36F32FFB4F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1208,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCA3901E234FB37F03DFB4F" box="[288,520,1209,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCA3901E234FB37F03DFB4F" box="[288,520,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Xenopholis undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMB 1865, type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCA3901E1E4FB37F65DFB50" authority="Schenkel" authorityName="Schenkel" box="[752,1128,1208,1232]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Paroxyrhopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCA3901E1E4FB37F1CFFB4F" box="[752,1018,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Paroxyrhopus reticularis</emphasis>
|
||
Schenkel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). a) lateral view of midbody; b) dorsal view. Photo: M. Jansen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BEF76602FFCA3901E383F83DF2D8F872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190118/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[292,1296,1316,1951]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFCA3901E383F83DF2D8F872" blockId="9.[151,1436,1971,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCA3901E383F83DF31EF854" bold="true" box="[151,299,1971,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Head (lateral view) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFCA3901E13BF83AF0FFF854" box="[559,714,1972,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Clelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFCA3901E13BF83AF0FFF854" box="[559,714,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Clelia bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNKR 4703), Hacienda El Espinal, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC93902E3D1FF16F04AFEB9" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC93902E3EAFF16F35EFF2D" box="[254,363,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was active on the ground at 2300 hours in Cerrado savanna used for extensive cattle farming. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC93902E22AFF30F393FF47" box="[318,422,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MNKR 4701 was found at about 2100 hours at the edge of a wetland. Upon being captured, it was calm, exhibiting no aggressive behavior, but produced a strong-smelling secretion from the cloacal glands (A. Schulze, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA37368AFFC93902E3D1FEBCF101FE05" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The x-ray image of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="35338828FFC93902E2C2FEBCF00EFED3" box="[470,571,306,332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZSM 5113/2005 showed a frog in the stomach. The preference of anurans as prey for snakes of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D884D09FFC93902E101FED7F0A9FEED" box="[533,668,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC93902E101FED7F0A9FEED" box="[533,668,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Xenopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC93902E09CFED7F6C9FEEC" author="Cunha" box="[904,1276,345,371]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Cunha, O. R. da & Nascimento, F. P do (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia. X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Museu Paranense Emilio Goeldi Publicacoes Avulsas, 31, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1978">Cunha and Nascimento (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC93902E61DFED7F2DDFE05" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Cunha, O. R. da, Nascimento, F. P. do & Avila-Pires, T. C. Sauer de (1985) Os repteis da area de Carajas, Para, Brasil (Testudines e Squamata). Museu Paranense Emilio Goeldi Publicacoes Avulsas, 40, 9 - 92." type="journal article">
|
||
Cunha
|
||
<emphasis id="D8FCEA98FFC93902E64BFED7F7A9FEED" box="[1375,1436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC93902E3E0FE0EF3F5FE05" author="Duellman" box="[244,448,384,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1990) Herpetofaunas in Neotropical rainforests: comparative composition, history, and resource use. In: Gentry A. H. (ed.), Four Neotropical rain forests. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 455 - 505." type="book chapter" year="1990">Duellman (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E194B7BFFC93902E2E9FE0EF105FE05" author="Franca" box="[509,816,384,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" refString="Franca, F. G. R & Araujo, A. F. B. (2007) Are there co-occurrence patterns that structure snake communities in Central Brazil? Brazilian Journal of Biology, 67, 33 - 40." type="journal article" year="2007">França and Araújo (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |