160 lines
27 KiB
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160 lines
27 KiB
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8441" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f0a1826-ba89-4ecb-adbb-275211293c87" ID-PMC="PMC7878468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1015-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" ID-PubMed="33613041" ID-ZooBank="F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1015-1" checkinTime="1612497320802" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abe, Hirokazu & Sato-Okoshi, Waka" docDate="2021" docId="5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1015: 1-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1015" docPubDate="2021-02-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" docTitle="Dipolydora commensalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" masterDocTitle="Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732648737807" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A896504B43FC014F01E38B1CB4DB3C1A">Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A77C99A00C517F1C0DA5FF1DB28E4333">Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5415BEA3FE94C1A0DA9D8DAB07C69D9">Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="53652E497C6875ED541E997473FC451B" type="email">habe@iwate-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D4CABC7A89D5A42462A308D1E7E35D26">Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EBB87F793A613E485EF1B8864E269EAA">Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 468 - 1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 - 8572, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="D0A16775FA7439E588B9F870354B0D92">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D1E7440A81CC33CDA60F0407AB8A97D4">2021-02-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EF0519D2649666C75A421865698402D3">1015</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BCC38BFFC7316C50E08429249F54F9FF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="99A158CFC9A9A07B4B5C04147AA26683" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<subSubSection id="5C11F6CBC2C0B379E188270B55D9FF03" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5A1DF8A62347B09A5B2A5295F312D787" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E79E941FEBD035A8B3CE0F6540757F8E" ID-CoL="36PYR" LSID="5BEAEF98-C1CB-58FE-AFC0-035B88DB4FC8" authority="(Andrews, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">Dipolydora cf. commensalis (Andrews, 1891)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="75480BA9E609204AD98437870FA45B29" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DC8B7CFCC6571706F26FD907E03C7B36" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="E5984478C4B1FC9508968CAFD70F0767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B15B8977A23165E76D32FA8C813AFAE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small but wider than body and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes of kidney-shaped appearance. Ramified melanophores present around eyes. Black pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Median row of ramified melanophores from chaetiger I onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. A central black pigment spot and a pair of dark brown pigments on pygidium. Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV, XVII, XIX, XXI, and XXIII. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AD3908A6843AA186E9F9ACBFF8A51D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="ABB42C89C6FA3AAF1E75114B0B18CEF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="215BCA0F49A63CC1DEF5DB5C3FE296C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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No adults of this species were collected in the present study. The 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from the larvae of this species neither match nor constitute a monophyletic clade with any of the other available spionid sequences (Figs
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<figureCitation id="42F1A756586859B77B3ABFB0F7CCF2AC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="58BB48C23EF406EBD0DE92F815D119A5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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). However, this species was tentatively identified as
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<taxonomicName id="CBE4408F99CD93467CEF0DBC9E59B19C" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
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based on its larval morphology, as it includes the characteristic dorsal pigment pattern of larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="3167632BC16A26358D9A6A7305D09E6C" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
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<emphasis id="98F83E45F6D7E91ED4D20EA224D0AD0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="F7442E71DE122E4B8DC76496B21373C4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews (1891)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9EFC6025BCF38942A6DF54761CAC688C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E23D335AFB2D12AF8156C5F27F59A4AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="5BE4CB38252849F70C331A5B4D849C11" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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(described as
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<taxonomicName id="C494BCBF0728ACC14CD4809B175CFCEE" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
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<emphasis id="1023E02E500974306B57DD5C4AB55D9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora commensalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by all of these authors). The combination of a slender body and a single dorsal median row of distinct melanophores from chaetiger I to the end of the body is distinctive among spionid larvae and has not been reported for any other spionid species. Currently, there are no records of
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<taxonomicName id="B6B1B1C1F1CFB7E63EAAAE8430106E21" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
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<emphasis id="1B7FB4AC5B741212251749C9F181256B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Japan; however, the presence of this species in Japan is expected as it has been reported from the Asian continental coast of the Sea of Japan and the Kurile Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="B65B73F5FFCA7CAD5BCF9CA3D9B367CB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). This species is an obligate symbiont of hermit crabs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5597C46884620FE53B9D966766BFFD43" author="Blake, JA" editor="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="6). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 224" refId="B21" refString="Blake, JA, 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. In: Blake, JA, Hilbig, B, Scott, PH, Eds., Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Vol. 6). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara: 81 - 224" title="Family Spionidae Grube, 1850." volumeTitle="Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Vol." year="1996">Blake 1996</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B0B99D3B47DBE012BAAB6B8D1218E19F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" author="Williams, JD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 123" refId="B222" refString="Williams, JD, McDermott, JJ, 1997. Feeding behavior of Dipolydora commensalis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): particle capture, transport, and selection. Invertebrate Biology 116: 115 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" title="Feeding behavior of Dipolydora commensalis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): particle capture, transport, and selection." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" volume="116" year="1997">Williams and McDermott 1997</bibRefCitation>
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), but little effort was devoted to collecting hermit crab shells in the present study.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="946ECC08DEB8EB7EAA51909945468F4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Notably, the results of the phylogenetic analysis in the present study showed that
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<taxonomicName id="465BAAAB64E54EC06BA522873E3162B9" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
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deviates from the monophyletic clade constituted by many other
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<taxonomicName id="835E76CDA5C5F735615A75946AADDB33" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EA5410CBE79402A69B4852C45DC87652" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. This result supports the suggestion by
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<bibRefCitation id="440504894163D5B6AFFB19636859C494" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B20" refString="Blake, JA, 1971. Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 75: 1 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" title="Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" volume="75" year="1971">Blake (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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that
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<taxonomicName id="0FB32044F0AE2B561275F858560BDD80" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
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<emphasis id="77CE79747B38DCE12819B9451C64E682" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may represent a distinct genus as its morphology deviates widely from other species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="3A4DEFD746679C932B1D0D4AFD98519B" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0593CBA0E06087B4AF55796DC9495DB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="833A83EE3060DFAB743FE9FC8A51B087" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="25056B4EB0DC47DC3137848FDD3DC6AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F771AA2304F9FBB906AF60A2F54E17AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Only three individuals of planktonic larvae of this species were collected in Sasuhama in January 2013. A small patch of lateral black pigments on the anterior margin of each chaetiger in late larvae was described in
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<bibRefCitation id="5E0936BDC32844FC9AA3D65EF3907AB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="DDAC3F5F3DEC7138034AC9F0EC21627E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, these pigments were not observed in the present study, as in
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<bibRefCitation id="1D81BAF85B06367228E1865B7CEF68AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews (1891)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="675C6F2F7F728475EC352077FA4B5FD5" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="7A2BD7B3D88FCFA165CD3005D48230CF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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and Blake (1966) noted the high similarity between the larval morphologies of
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<taxonomicName id="FF390A1373AA8ABBAD1135D78227675A" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
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<emphasis id="30B2CF1C4AB2273BB2448E6617676BB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="300B6368DD4BA2140ACD9782285E842B" authorityName="Hannerz" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hermaphroditica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
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<emphasis id="8580553491F5AA9C7D7F497F2B0FBF8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hermaphroditica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hannerz, 1956, the adult morphologies of these two species were reported to be completely different (
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<bibRefCitation id="9E3AEA622825F2D7C1FBAA3F3B851465" author="Bhaud, M" journalOrPublisher="Vie et Milieu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="435 - 437" refId="B18" refString="Bhaud, M, 1966. Les larves planctoniques d'Annelides Polychetes; leur interet pour une meilleure connaissance faunistique. Vie et Milieu 17: 435 - 437" title="Les larves planctoniques d'Annelides Polychetes; leur interet pour une meilleure connaissance faunistique." volume="17" year="1966">Bhaud 1966</bibRefCitation>
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). The dorsal pigment pattern of
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<taxonomicName id="8BE37D0FB11F64CC69AC3A82F3668F5D" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hermaphroditica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
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<emphasis id="379C387F90FD54A7952D88B345030CBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hermaphroditica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="BE384465F7084DCEDE7319A7C110B1B2" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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rather resembles those of
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<taxonomicName id="C279F43ED22B39EF5CD3348997F31635" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
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<emphasis id="721039F4DC58E40E702B9CDBCFF586EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora glycymerica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="6B342E6503A0E1199CC7211D4BA000F9" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glymymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glymymerica">Polydora cf. glymymerica</taxonomicName>
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larvae reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="965680B45E982F68C69CCE6EED197052" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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and in the present study, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |