plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/2F/6D/87/2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62.xml

489 lines
57 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="25BC4ECA68460E242D5A7FB9A75F5873" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749637" ID-ZooBank="547F19D4-4558-4D8A-8D01-2ECCCB133A5D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1721126227322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H. &amp; Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2024" docId="2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5481.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5481 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Telchin atymnius subsp. drucei" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="D354FFAC3251FFDBFFDC3A42C769FFB7" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1721162569329" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A61E861A48E3D55F304814B523242AC5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="64B0D3FD28C7C9626C88420D7EA9751C">
<mods:title id="06DA3B65002381C5A3E892CA9E721901">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5DA18B335987CB130460573591C887EB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A6BF67B7DB90DB03FC6694C34AD4CADB">
<mods:roleTerm id="E4A66080DF512753D5196ABD9483EFF4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1FC1E4B3E4920FD9869A8569D6522F65">García-Díaz, José De Jesús</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9705122053937BFA534F6A24A8C3822">Posgrado en Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterología A. C.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="477DA4D2A15C3D10B846F023A79EDC3A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8514A1C75DEF78FEC5F568F6E16AC3E1">
<mods:roleTerm id="4479412A37FD96976124ACC693E9E55E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="12FE6B25DED718BC11433111DC683F83">Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF06D415BFBD5B9D7DDAD16EE331BB61">BioAlfa, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund Costa Rica, 749 - 1000, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A602B9E22DDE391761F3C15E1B872952" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EEC6FDA2D9B53A98EDCC17724C1804A3">
<mods:roleTerm id="EA97BED65B202E86E768D2AEC67A0857">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="45D62EE1E9B60A418CE1A06AD03CA6E1">Worthy, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C730CC997F443D2FF5AA7631249F25D8">10 The Hill, Church Hill, Caterham, Surrey CR 3 6 SD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3A9D98FC8866FC8772184849A21575E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BBE1F72F7A79AB132D1C2F3AAFDDE87">
<mods:roleTerm id="513D5D2C07ADB0765410F1887D573C6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C154AC863944B96342D82BF9C94CE069">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45A6DA782262C80B5470786B1AD91455">Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, Texas, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2AF075747366220C52DECBE83EF6EA6B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="375936563039E709B3303A57A8FB42DD">
<mods:roleTerm id="C8631D2D7B14610224BD3348012AE2B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="77BB7D0F76FB3FB12AC55E3971980E36">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6C66BB31B84ECBCF7C0A8658FAE55892">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EC1FF70671F81280F63E4B051673413A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B6CC2A180E0724380D7FF774300CC754">
<mods:roleTerm id="34698FCD28CEC5D4C22EF9490D30525D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="83D84E6EF5DE5DC651C3EB100C7B2E8D">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="075A6C06EE5E7A8809920CD343CC62CC">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="21BE12EE48A60AB9DC91524CE82BD542">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="757A0B2C211A428A9F8AE368169B8AC4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="1D3D16FD6CAC35761954091409484CB7">
<mods:title id="03AE9218C5885E5B66FF059400C9281F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B6684C91E2C0AB688E0F44D9AD5C07F6">
<mods:date id="CE6C1B6F1410268D7927A68DB060240E">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4E8C02566B03FE4E05C360DCE2701D03" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="26972AD4530E862C3BF3202466D3650F">2024-07-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="603D17363A7AC10643229511393E04CA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="58FB9FF996242B23295D97D6CF09E212">5481</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D2845430FA68C4C91CB5648E995B6EC0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9170C67F3BD4D190489C39E3B1EF0BD3">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B835297F8A645BD82361D096C06E7D38" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0AA05FA9425F4F0D9A37B784328F8168">151</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CC664C1DBE38E6A0344F9D363568FF6A">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="FB71C2E8CCE042EBF807F52F7AAA4505">
<mods:url id="3D0DF0949087305397383470B8BA7E2D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F314723371B690692A1015F100D2E5F0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="94BDA02483315FEF8A18F5037A9E306E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="94B4BF3F2B2707D5314650DCD11054AD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D48DE540267D82C25B42F9C2A0512C4C" type="Zenodo-Dep">12749637</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E3D05E7D0353E3A609363D8B8107565C" type="ZooBank">547F19D4-4558-4D8A-8D01-2ECCCB133A5D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF4B3CE1C5FAF90B" box="[151,659,1698,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3CE1C5FAF90B" blockId="9.[151,776,1698,1761]" box="[151,659,1698,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="FC3381AE3258FFD2FF4B3CE1C5FAF90B" bold="true" box="[151,659,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3CE1C5FAF90B" bold="true" box="[151,659,1698,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
5.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF693CE0C5FAF90B" authority="(Schaus, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[181,659,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF693CE0C6B0F90A" bold="true" box="[181,473,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Telchin atymnius drucei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE343CE0C5E5F90B" author="Schaus W." box="[488,652,1698,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF4B3C85C461F956" box="[151,776,1735,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3C85C461F956" blockId="9.[151,776,1698,1761]" box="[151,776,1735,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473258FFD2FF433C85C65BF956" box="[159,306,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[165,1431,183,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[152,1435,181,1794]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–B: Telchin atymnius futilis; A: ♂, Alajuela, Cariblanco, Cuesta Angel, 15-V-82, R. Canet, 750m, INBIOCRI001055978 (MNCR); B: ♀, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, Send. Higuerón, 1115m, 18MAY- 6JUN 2009, R. Rojas, Colecta libre, L_N_242482_483371, # 97580, INB0004223743, MNCR-A4223743 (MNCR); C–D: Telchin atymnius drucei; C: ♂, Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5–14 Aug 1978, D. H. Janzen, INBIOCRI002607807, MNCR-A2607807 (MNCR); D: ♀, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio. 1100m, 30 OCT 2001, J. Montero, Manual, L_N_217300_526200. #64940, INB0003380476, MNCR-A3380476 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749643/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Figs. 2C, 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473258FFD2FEE23C85C6CCF956" box="[318,421,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-267@26.[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 03-IV-2008 (photo: Steven Daniel); B: ♂, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 27-V-2022 (photo: Randall Jiménez); C: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 12-VII-2008 (photo: Gernot Kunz); D–E: Telchin licus microsticta; D: ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, 22-IV-2020 (photo: Gustavo Orozco); E: ♂, San Carlos, Alajuela, 29-V-2023 (photo: Colin Allen); F–G: Telchin atymnius drucei; F: ♂, Golfito, Puntarenas, 18-I-2022 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); G: ♀, Puriscal, San José, 31-VIII-2022 (photo: Kirby Wolfe); H–I: Telchin atymnius futilis; H: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 16-I-2020 (photo: Alexandre Terrigeol); I: ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-II-2022 (photo: Kyle Horner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749668/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">11F, 11G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473258FFD2FE6D3C85C688F956" box="[433,481,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,421,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-122@29.[152,1435,417,1301]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of the genus Telchin in Costa Rica. A: T. atymnius futilis; B: T. atymnius drucei; C: T. evalthe tica; D: T. licus microsticta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749674/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">13B</figureCitation>
) (BIN: BOLD:AEH7336)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF4B3D4EC26FF8F5" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D4EC49DF894" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" box="[151,1012,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D4EC6D4F894" ID-CoL="967J7" authority="Schaus, 1911" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,445,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D4EC644F894" box="[151,301,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FEEF3D49C6D4F894" author="Schaus W." box="[307,445,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE1B3D49C539F894" author="Schaus W." box="[455,592,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD863D49C4C8F894" bold="true" box="[602,929,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7 (38)</emphasis>
, p. 191.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D68C26FF8F5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" box="[151,1286,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D68C6BAF8F5" ID-CoL="967K7" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,467,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D68C63AF8F5" box="[151,339,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castnia humboldti</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEB33D68C6BAF8F5" box="[367,467,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">rufolimba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE3C3D68C50DF8F5" author="Strand, E." box="[480,612,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDB23D68C5EAF8F5" bold="true" box="[622,643,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD153D68C328F8F5" bold="true" box="[713,1089,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 8., pl. 1, fig. c1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD1FF4B3D0BC333FDD6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D0BC668F8C8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D0BC69AF8D7" box="[151,499,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei" subGenus="Phaeosema">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D0BC673F8D7" box="[151,282,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castniomera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEF73D0AC6C9F8D7" box="[299,416,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phaeosema</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FE6E3D0AC69AF8D7" box="[434,499,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FDDE3D0AC5CBF8D6" author="Houlbert, C." box="[514,674,1864,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD723D08C4FFF8D7" bold="true" box="[686,918,1864,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 63, 213, 680, 721, pl. CDXLIII, figs. 3789– 3790.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3DC4C79DF80B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3DC4C60AF829" box="[151,355,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3DC4C60AF829" box="[151,355,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castniomera drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FEAD3DC4C698F829" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[369,497,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FE233DC4C57DF829" bold="true" box="[511,532,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD5C3DC4C212F829" bold="true" box="[640,1403,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCCC3DC4C4EEF829" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[784,903,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FC483DC4C360F829" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[916,1033,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FB0E3DC4C212F829" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1234,1403,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 135.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D86C403F86C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" box="[151,874,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D86C6AAF86C" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,451,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D86C6AAF86C" box="[151,451,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castniomera atymnius drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE0C3D86C53DF86C" author="Lamas, G." box="[464,596,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDBC3D81C44AF86C" bold="true" box="[608,803,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDBC3D81C46DF86D" bold="true" box="[608,772,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Revta. Per. Ent.</emphasis>
37
</emphasis>
, p. 80.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF4B3AF8C333FDD6" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF4B3AF8C6E8FF62" bold="true" box="[151,385,186,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">General comments.</emphasis>
This Central American subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FCEA3AF9C4D1FF63" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[822,952,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCEA3AF9C4D1FF63" box="[822,952,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs greatly from the rest of the known subspecies since both males and females have an orange base-color on their dorsal hindwing. Both sexes have a dorsal forewing pattern similar to most
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD883B41C5BCFEAB" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[596,725,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD883B41C5BCFEAB" box="[596,725,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies, they are also sexually dimorphic.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB023B41C7B6FEF6" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB023B41C7B6FEF6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Telchin atymnius drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described (as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE1C3B65C503FEF6" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[448,618,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE1C3B65C503FEF6" box="[448,618,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by Schaus based on at least a male and a female from four different locations in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FEFC3B09C6F3FED2" box="[288,410,331,357]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE743B09C553FED2" author="Schaus W." box="[424,570,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus 1911</bibRefCitation>
; González 2024). It has been confused with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FBF63B09C312FED2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1066,1147,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBF63B09C312FED2" box="[1066,1147,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by some authors in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FA803B09C7A3FE3E" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FF063B2DC61AFE3E" author="LAICA" box="[218,371,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">LAICA 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FEA33B2DC533FE3E" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[383,602,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDB13B2DC463FE3E" author="Lamas, G." box="[621,778,366,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
considered it to be a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB423B2DC2F5FE3F" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1182,1436,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB423B2DC2F5FE3F" box="[1182,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Castniomera atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF7D3BD1C65CFE1B" box="[161,309,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
=
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FF6D3BD1C65CFE1B" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[177,309,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">T. atymnius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). It is vaguely similar to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD893BD1C4E4FE1A" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[597,909,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD893BD1C4E4FE1A" box="[597,909,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Telchin atymnius humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since the base color of the dorsal hindwing is reddish-orange; however, the whitish discal band of the dorsal hindwing starts after the final vein of the discal cell, whereas in
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FECB3B99C6A9FE42" box="[279,448,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE923B99C6A9FE42" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[334,448,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
it starts from the costal margin (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FCF73B99C371FE42" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[811,1048,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC413B99C4BFFE42" box="[925,982,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBFF3B99C20CFE42" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[1059,1381,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FAAD3B99C6F5FDAE" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEC33BBDC631FDAE" box="[287,344,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Some authors have reported this subspecies in South America, but they are probably very reddish
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF333861C6FEFD8A" box="[239,407,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FEF93861C6FEFD8A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[293,407,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDC23861C460FD8A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[542,777,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD533861C5AFFD8A" box="[655,710,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). To assess the limits between subspecies, a study involving a broad review of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE213805C514FDD7" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[509,637,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE213805C514FDD7" box="[509,637,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FD1E3805C471FDD6" box="[706,792,583,609]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to South America is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325BFFD1FF1B3829C6C3FA2A" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF1B3829C468FC5A" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF1B3829C6BFFD33" bold="true" box="[199,470,618,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Citizen scientists have posted photographs of this subspecies in iNaturalist (2023), showing it associated with different species of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD6838CDC44BFD1E" box="[692,802,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD6838CDC44BFD1E" box="[692,802,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FCEF38CDC4B1FD1E" box="[819,984,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
), with some females ovipositing on the lower part of the plants close to the ground, as reported for
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC9538F1C412FD7B" box="[841,891,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FC5938F1C3D3FD7A" authority="(Garcia-Diaz 2022 a)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[901,1210,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC5938F1C4ACFD7A" box="[901,965,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">futilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FC0938F1C3DBFD7A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[981,1202,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Kirby Wolfe (pers. comm.) recorded
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FEBF3895C5B7FD46" authority="Vell., 1827" authorityName="Vell." authorityYear="1827" box="[355,734,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEBF3895C530FD46" box="[355,601,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heliconia episcopalis</emphasis>
Vell., 1827
</taxonomicName>
as its host plant in Santiago, Puriscal,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FB7F3895C263FD46" box="[1187,1290,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FAC43895C2F1FD46" box="[1304,1432,727,753]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; while the second author (B. Espinoza) recorded
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD1C38B9C304FCA2" authority="Ruiz &amp; Pav., 1802" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." authorityYear="1802" box="[704,1133,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD1C38B9C4F9FCA3" box="[704,912,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heliconia rostrata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., 1802
</taxonomicName>
as its host in Concepción, San Rafael,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FEF4395DC6EDFC8E" box="[296,388,799,825]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heredia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FE4E395DC57DFC8E" box="[402,532,799,825]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Gernot Kunz (pers. comm.) has observed males and females flying together during the day (mainly around noon) in three different locations in the canton of Golfito,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FB533901C264FCEA" box="[1167,1293,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FAC53901C2F1FCEA" box="[1305,1432,835,861]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; he mentions that the males are territorial and perch on leaves or branches of heliconias or other plants close to their hosts, possibly waiting for passing females to court and follow and eventually to mate; females are slower flyers than males, they are not territorial, and are often observed hovering around their host plants near the ground before ovipositing, similar to
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE493991C6ACFC5B" box="[405,453,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE103991C594FC5A" authority="(Garcia-Diaz 2022 a)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[460,765,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE103991C565FC5A" box="[460,524,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">futilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDC63991C59FFC5A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[538,758,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF1B39B5C6E3FB72" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
Studies of population dynamics carried out in two sugarcane farms of the Quebrada Azul Sugar Mill in San Carlos,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FF323E59C639FB82" box="[238,336,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FE813E59C6B2FB82" box="[349,475,1051,1077]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDD03E59C425FB82" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. &amp; Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A." box="[524,844,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Salazar-Blanco
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD633E59C590FB82" box="[703,761,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FC593E59C3C6FB82" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[901,1199,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
Cadet-Piedra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBFC3E59C33AFB82" box="[1056,1107,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
, concluded that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FAB63E59C7B6FBEE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FF4B3E7DC7B6FBEE" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,223,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEC93E7DC6E5FBEE" box="[277,396,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE903E7DC6E5FBEE" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[332,396,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
fly together. Here, both subspecies are bivoltine with a small emergence of adults in March– May and a second larger emergence during September–November. Larger numbers of adults of both subspecies were collected when rainfall was low, temperature was above 25°C and the relative humidity was below 90% (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FF423EE9C65EFB72" author="LAICA" box="[158,311,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE9E3EE9C616FB72" author="LAICA" box="[322,383,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF1B3E8DC6C3FA2A" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FF1B3E8DC69EFB5E" author="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J." box="[199,503,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref23969" refString="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J. (2007) Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica. INBIO Press, San Jose, 366 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chacón &amp; Montero (2007)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated a final instar larva resembling that of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FBF43E8DC7B2FABA" authority="(Burmeister, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Paysandisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archon">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBF43E8DC261FB5E" box="[1064,1288,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Paysandisia archon</emphasis>
(Burmeister, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
, showing the patterns characteristic of larvae of the family (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FC5C3EB1C363FABA" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[896,1034,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBCA3EB1C3F7FABA" author="EPPO" box="[1046,1182,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref24182" refString="EPPO (2011) Paysandisia archon. Bulletin OEPP / EPPO Bulletin, 41 (3), 363 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2338.2011.02503. x" type="journal article" year="2011">EPPO 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The thoracic legs are distinctive, the body is creamy-white except for the sclerotized head capsule and sections of the pronotum, having scattered setae on the thorax and abdominal segments, and small dorsal patches of spinules are also observed in the abdominal segments. However,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE223F1DC440FACE" author="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J." box="[510,809,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref23969" refString="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J. (2007) Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica. INBIO Press, San Jose, 366 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chacón &amp; Montero (2007)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the host plants and did not describe the life cycle of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEF83FC1C6CAFA2A" box="[292,419,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE873FC1C6CAFA2A" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[347,419,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325BFFD0FF1B3FE4C646FF62" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD0FF1B3FE4C646FF62" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF1B3FE4C528FA77" bold="true" box="[199,577,1446,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
This subspecies has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FBCA3FE5C3FDFA76" box="[1046,1172,1447,1473]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FB7E3FE5C397FA76" box="[1186,1278,1447,1473]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Panama</collectingCountry>
, northwestern South America, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FE583F89C6A1FA52" box="[388,456,1483,1509]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE063F89C46EFA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Salazar, J. A." box="[474,775,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref26050" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Salazar, J. A. (2003) Adicion a la lista de Castnidos (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae) conocidos de Colombia. Boletin Cientifico del Museo de Historia Natural, Manizales, 7, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2003">González &amp; Salazar 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FCC93F89C363FA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[789,1034,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC553F89C4ADFA52" box="[905,964,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBCB3F89C20BFA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[1047,1378,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FAAD3F89C6F7F9BE" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEFC3FADC630F9BE" box="[288,345,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
); however, the South American records are possibly very reddish
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB5A3FADC3A7F9BE" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[1158,1230,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB5A3FADC3A7F9BE" box="[1158,1230,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF4B3C51C62BF99A" box="[151,322,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FF0C3C51C62BF99A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[208,322,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, or incorrectly labeled specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FD103C51C4D4F99A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[716,957,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCE33C51C411F99A" box="[831,888,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). The confusion between subspecies in the literature and the lack of taxonomic and distributional limits between subspecies make it difficult to understand the group. Based on specimens in collections and data from iNaturalist (2023),
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBCF3C19C3FAF9C2" box="[1043,1171,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB973C19C3FAF9C2" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[1099,1171,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be easily separated from other
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FEC83C3DC6FAF92F" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[276,403,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEC83C3DC6FAF92F" box="[276,403,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies. It appears that
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD1E3C3DC463F92E" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[706,778,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD1E3C3DC463F92E" box="[706,778,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the Pacific slope of
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FB533C3DC261F92E" box="[1167,1288,1663,1689]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and northern
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FF4B3CE1C79AF90A" box="[151,243,1699,1725]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Panama</collectingCountry>
. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FEB53CE1C5CEF90A" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[361,679,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FDC33CE1C53FF90A" box="[543,598,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FD073CE1C49FF90A" author="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[731,1014,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26963" refString="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2022) Ampliacion geografica de Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) y Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1977) para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 274, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7200048" type="journal article" year="2022">Maes &amp; González (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, this taxon has not been reported from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FF4B3C85C663F956" box="[151,266,1735,1761]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FEF13C85C6F7F956" box="[301,414,1735,1761]" name="Honduras" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Honduras</collectingCountry>
.According to the biogeographic provinces proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBD03C85C394F956" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[1036,1277,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBA83C85C3C2F956" box="[1140,1195,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FAFF3C85C2F5F956" box="[1315,1436,1735,1761]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
this subspecies flies mostly in localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, both in the Brazilian subregion. In northern
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FF4B3D71C67CF8FA" box="[151,277,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province. This taxon has been reported from the following provinces and cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD343D14C43EF8C7" bold="true" box="[744,855,1878,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FD343D14C43BF8C7" box="[744,850,1878,1904]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Alajuela, Atenas,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FBF43D15C31FF8C6" box="[1064,1142,1879,1905]" name="Greece" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Grecia</collectingCountry>
, Orotina, San Carlos, San Mateo, San Ramón;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEA73D38C68EF823" bold="true" box="[379,487,1914,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FEA73D38C688F823" box="[379,481,1914,1940]" country="Greece" name="Cartago" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Unión;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FDB93D38C592F823" bold="true" box="[613,763,1914,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FDB93D38C59CF823" box="[613,757,1914,1940]" country="Greece" name="Guanacaste" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Abangares, Hojancha, Nicoya, Santa Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB383D38C227F823" bold="true" box="[1252,1358,1914,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FB383D38C221F823" box="[1252,1352,1914,1940]" country="Greece" name="Heredia" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Belén, San Rafael, Santa Bárbara, Santo Domingo;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD783DDCC594F80E" bold="true" box="[676,765,1950,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FD783DDCC591F80E" box="[676,760,1950,1977]" country="Greece" name="Limon" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCBB3DDDC490F80E" bold="true" box="[871,1017,1951,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FCBB3DDDC49DF80E" box="[871,1012,1951,1977]" country="Greece" name="Puntarenas" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Aguirre, Buenos Aires, Corredores, Coto Brus, Garabito, Golfito, Osa, Puntarenas, Quepos;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCCB3D80C4E0F86A" bold="true" box="[791,905,1986,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FCCB3D80C4EDF86A" box="[791,900,1986,2013]" country="Greece" name="San Jose" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Acosta, Alajuelita, Curridabat, Desamparados, Escazú, Goicoechea, Mora, Moravia, Pérez Zeledón, Puriscal, San José, Santa Ana, Tarrazú, Turrubares, Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink