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<mods:title id="811B0AF0F84504B9D12136E616950F82">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3AD5C474FF06" blockId="5.[151,797,151,213]" box="[151,797,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<heading id="FC3381AE3254FFDEFF4B3AD5C474FF06" bold="true" box="[151,797,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3AD5C474FF06" bold="true" box="[151,797,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
2.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF693AD5C474FF06" authority="(Houlbert, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[181,797,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF693AD5C52EFF05" bold="true" box="[181,583,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta papilionaris amethystina</emphasis>
(Houlbert, 1917)
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3AF9C62EFF62" blockId="5.[151,797,151,213]" box="[151,327,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473254FFDEFF433AF9C668FF62" box="[159,257,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,185,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1435,181,1601]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: ♀, Corybantes veraguana veraguana, Heredia, Sarapiqui, Magsasay, 200m, 12 mayo 1994, C. Pineda, G. Vega, MNCR-A5055728 (MNCR); B: ♂, Amauta papilionaris amethystina, Costa Rica, Provincia de Limón, Limón, Nicholas Zakharoff gift (CAS) (photographs: Christopher C. Grinter); CD: Amauta procera; C: ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, Jul 1991, L-N-184200, 643300, INBIOCRI001110672, MNCR-A1110672 (MNCR); D: ♀, Puntarenas, Sn. Vito, Las Cruces, Jardín Botánico, 2427 Agosto 1987, L. D. Gómez, INBIOCRI001055983, MNCR-A1055983 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473254FFDEFED13AF9C656FF62" box="[269,319,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">12A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3B42C488FEA0" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,464]" box="[151,993,255,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF4B3B42C563FEAF" authority="Houlbert, 1917" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,522,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3B42C60FFEAF" box="[151,358,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Castnia amethystina</emphasis>
Houlbert, 1917
</taxonomicName>
; Houlbert, 1917.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFD663B43C4F2FEA0" bold="true" box="[698,923,255,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Étud. Lép. Comp. 13</emphasis>
, p. 54.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3B5DC36DFE81" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,464]" box="[151,1028,285,313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3B5DC606FE81" box="[151,367,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF4B3B5DC600FE81" box="[151,361,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amethystina">Amauta amethystina</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFEAA3B5CC57BFE81" author="Houlbert, C." box="[374,530,286,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFDC03B62C595FE81" bold="true" box="[540,764,285,313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 62, 138, 676, fig. 49.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3B7FC37BFEE2" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,464]" box="[151,1042,317,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF4B3B7FC526FEE2" box="[151,591,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subGenus="Amauta" subSpecies="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3B7FC78FFEE3" box="[151,230,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Castnia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF293B7FC62DFEE3" box="[245,324,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFE8E3B7FC526FEE2" box="[338,591,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">papilionaris amethystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFD803B7FC464FEE2" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[604,781,317,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFCCA3B7FC4B0FEE2" bold="true" box="[790,985,317,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Novit. Zool. 26 (1)</emphasis>
, p. 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3B1EC6EBFE25" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF4B3B1EC684FEC3" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,493,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3B1EC684FEC3" box="[151,493,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta papilionaris amethystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFE213B1EC514FEC4" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[509,637,347,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFD573B19C5C9FEC4" bold="true" box="[651,672,347,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFCD23B19C646FE25" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFC433B19C37FFEC4" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[927,1046,347,371]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFBFF3B19C3F1FEC4" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1059,1176,347,371]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFAB83B19C646FE25" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 133.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3BDBC4FFFE06" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,464]" box="[151,918,409,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF4B3BDBC680FE06" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,489,409,433]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3BDBC680FE06" box="[151,489,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta papilionaris amethystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFE2A3BDBC514FE06" author="Lamas, G." box="[502,637,409,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFD5A3BDBC426FE06" bold="true" box="[646,847,409,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 76.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3BFAC31FFE67" blockId="5.[151,1436,255,464]" box="[151,1142,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF4B3BFAC680FE67" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,489,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3BFAC680FE67" box="[151,489,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta papilionaris amethystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFE2A3BFAC5D4FE67" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[502,701,440,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFD943BFAC512FE67" box="[584,635,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFD1A3BFAC415FE78" bold="true" box="[710,892,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Zootaxa 5194 (3)</emphasis>
, p. 321, figs. 4D, 8AB.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF4B3BBFC274FCEB" blockId="5.[151,1437,509,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF4B3BBFC6E9FDAF" bold="true" box="[151,384,509,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">General comments.</emphasis>
In the latest revision of the genus
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFCD53BBCC409FDAF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[777,864,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFCD53BBCC409FDAF" box="[777,864,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, three subspecies were included in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFB2F3BBCC630FD8A" authority="(Walker, [1865])" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papilionaris">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFB2F3BBCC2F5FDAF" box="[1267,1436,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. papilionaris</emphasis>
(Walker, [1865])
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFEB63860C6D1FD8B" box="[362,440,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">lionela</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFE103860C53CFD8B" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[460,597,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papilionaris">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFE103860C53CFD8B" box="[460,597,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">papilionaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFD413860C44DFD8B" box="[669,804,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFD413860C44DFD8B" box="[669,804,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">amethystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the latter having the northernmost distribution. However, this subspecies is only known from
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3254FFDEFD443804C597FDD7" box="[664,766,582,608]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
specimens from Central America: the
<typeStatus id="787F88603254FFDEFB773804C279FDD7" box="[1195,1296,582,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collected in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFF4B3828C79AFD33" box="[151,243,618,644]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Panama</collectingCountry>
, and an additional specimen found in the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203254FFDEFC983828C4E6FD33" box="[836,911,618,644]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Limón</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFC6D3828C343FD33" box="[945,1066,618,644]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFBEB3828C264FD33" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[1079,1293,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFB4F3829C3A3FD33" box="[1171,1226,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). The female is unknown. Authors such as
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFE3338CCC5A9FD1F" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[495,704,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild (1919)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFD1138CCC4E1FD1E" author="Apolinar, M." box="[717,904,654,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="322 - 327" refId="ref23550" refString="Apolinar, M. (1945) Miscelanea entomologica y Catalogo sistematico, sinonimico y geografico de los insectos del genero Carabus. Revista de la Academia colombiana de Ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales, 6 (22 / 23), 322 - 327, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1945">Apolinar (1945)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFC4B38CCC33EFD1F" author="Gonzalez, J. M." box="[919,1111,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="229 - 235" refId="ref25007" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (1999) Castniinae (Lepidoptera; Castniidae) from Venezuela. III: Genera represented by only one known species. Diagnosis and comments. Ciencia, Maracaibo, 7 (3), 229 - 235." type="journal article" year="1999">González (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFB4538CCC78BFD7B" author="Racheli, L. &amp; Vinciguerra, R." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="169 - 170" refId="ref28165" refString="Racheli, L. &amp; Vinciguerra, R. (2006) Notes on three Castniid species from Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 116 (4), 169 - 170." type="journal article" year="2006">Racheli &amp; Vinciguerra (2006)</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens of this subspecies from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFD0538F0C426FD7B" box="[729,847,690,716]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFC8738F0C4A5FD7B" box="[859,972,690,716]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFBD538F0C303FD7B" box="[1033,1130,690,716]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
; however, those specimens were found to actually correspond to the nominal subspecies (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFC9E3894C371FD47" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[834,1048,726,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFC423895C4BCFD47" box="[926,981,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFBF53894C2F5FD47" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1065,1436,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="amethystina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFBF53894C2F5FD47" box="[1065,1436,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta papilionaris amethystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFEFE38B8C471FCA2" authority="(Walker, [1865])" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[290,792,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="papilionaris">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFEFE38B8C530FCA3" box="[290,601,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. papilionaris papilionaris</emphasis>
(Walker, [1865])
</taxonomicName>
by having a wider yellowish band in the postdiscal region of the forewing and a slightly narrower postdiscal blue band on the hindwing, similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFB6A395CC6E9FCEA" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="papilionaris" subSpecies="lionela">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFB6A395CC78CFCEB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amauta papilionaris lionela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFF303900C6E9FCEA" author="Lamas, G." box="[236,384,834,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. It also differs from both subspecies by having a slightly more purplish coloration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493254FFDEFF1B3924C6D7FC13" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF1B3924C6D7FC13" blockId="5.[151,1437,509,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF1B3924C6BDFCC8" bold="true" box="[199,468,869,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Nothing is known about its behavior and host plants. It is probably crepuscular like other species in the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493254FFDEFF1B39EFC612FBCB" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23254FFDEFF1B39EFC612FBCB" blockId="5.[151,1437,509,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF1B39EFC52FFC70" bold="true" box="[199,582,941,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
The exact locality of only
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3254FFDEFC5739ECC341FC7F" box="[907,1064,942,968]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
is known (
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203254FFDEFB7339ECC397FC7F" box="[1199,1278,942,968]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFAD239ECC2F9FC7F" box="[1294,1424,942,968]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
), based on the description, its
<typeStatus id="787F88603254FFDEFE083990C56DFC5B" box="[468,516,978,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
locality is “
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFD543990C580FC5B" box="[648,745,978,1004]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Panama</collectingCountry>
”. This subspecies may have a wider distribution in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFAFF3990C2F5FC5B" box="[1315,1436,978,1004]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523254FFDEFF1439B4C64DFBA7" box="[200,292,1014,1040]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Panama</collectingCountry>
, but due to its habits, it has proved difficult to find. According to the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333254FFDEFDDD3E58C59EFB83" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[513,759,1050,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFDB63E59C5CAFB83" box="[618,675,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, the locality in which the only known Costa Rican specimen of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03254FFDEFF653E7CC6EAFBEF" box="[185,387,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
A. p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413254FFDEFF203E7CC6EAFBEF" box="[252,387,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amethystina">amethystina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was collected belongs to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>