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<document id="4808C0F0D1BD1AE56DAA416AF1A988EB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4071.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ffe5a88-06f7-44af-95aa-5fd49e0302c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="260490" ID-ZooBank="D47C792F-E91D-40A6-ABB7-FA7810578562" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458396982271" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Judith L Winston" docDate="2016" docId="19362D2E2001FFA7BBA5FBDAFC06FF75" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4071.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4071 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cupuladria biporosa Canu &amp; Bassler 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="E50F55562015FFB0BB32FF96FFB4FF8D" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa of Floridan Oculina reefs" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698185562401" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="053BEA18C72B2B0DCC967EE7AD3B9C33" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="7B1E77B90834445F7EA7C48E75534560">Bryozoa of Floridan Oculina reefs</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E6C080061E76FA8CB5A5977E39AAEF61" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5E3D185566B65577B20123BE0DAE3F1B">
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<mods:namePart id="FF1F76756D25FAD89A3B02AF9096C993">Judith L Winston</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="71D97FF24AFA02A05024E61CD815C2D8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D43347E0F0EA76CA95A116B08EE24222">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9FAD7F2C2CC751568CF245EB7476A838">
<mods:date id="FDF2DDB268E8D9F6EB39890970082FF1">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="36654C15E967C3459419AF2A02433B03" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A331745B5C53E83E6DEAFF2C95B63709">4071</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0388DE6F5160E6B3191AD39AFC4F0A3F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D6E20B6C05898B7BAFE86FD16FD8D543" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4071.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A5D8C786143BCF5792926934BA77FFF" type="GBIF-Dataset">8ffe5a88-06f7-44af-95aa-5fd49e0302c4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="19362D2E2001FFA7BBA5FBDAFC06FF75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6084728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119208765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6084728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19362D2E2001FFA7BBA5FBDAFC06FF75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19362D2E2001FFA7BBA5FBDAFC06FF75" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32001FFA4BBA5FBDAFCBCFB40" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FBDAFD12FBEB" blockId="20.[151,678,1100,1160]" box="[151,678,1100,1126]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="CA682B542001FFA4BBA5FBDAFD12FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,678,1100,1126]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2001FFA4BBA5FBDAFD12FBEB" ID-CoL="32FZW" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,678,1100,1126]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FBDAFD12FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,678,1100,1126]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FBDAFE25FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,401,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cupuladria biporosa</emphasis>
Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FBF9FED2FB05" blockId="20.[151,678,1100,1160]" box="[151,358,1135,1160]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2001FFA4BBADFBF9FF45FB05" box="[159,241,1135,1160]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cupuladria biporosa Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923: A, frontal and basal views of colony fragments; B, growing edge of colony; C, autozooids and vibracula; D, close-up showing vibracular chambers; E, basal view of colony fragment, showing patterning of square sectors with round pores; F, close-up of several sectors with 4 pores. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, F, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260501/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="DC1DA9832001FFA4BBCEFBF9FEEAFB05" box="[252,350,1135,1160]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,239,1427,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,1484,1734]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 10. Measurements in mm of Cupuladria biporosa Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5E0CCB02001FFA4BBA5FA05FBB4FA27" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="C5E0CCB02001FFA4BBA5FA05FBB4FA27">Table 10</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FB21FCBCFB40" blockId="20.[151,1436,1207,1383]" box="[151,776,1207,1229]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2001FFA4BBA5FB21FDE5FB40" authority="Smitt 1873: 10" authorityName="Smitt" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,593,1207,1229]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FB21FE1EFB40" box="[151,426,1207,1229]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Membranipora canariensis</emphasis>
: Smitt 1873: 10
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 2, figs 69–71.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32001FFA4BBA5FB40FD15FAEA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FB40FD20FA87" blockId="20.[151,1436,1207,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2001FFA4BBA5FB40FD34FB61" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923: 29" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,640,1238,1260]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FB40FED8FB61" box="[151,364,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cupuladria biporosa</emphasis>
Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923: 29
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 47, figs 1–2; Cook 1965: 203, pl. 1, figs 2A, B, 3A, B, 4A, B, 5, 6 A, B, text-fig. 1, g-j; Winston 2005: 13, figs 30, 37.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FA85FD97FAC5" blockId="20.[151,1436,1207,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2001FFA4BBA5FA85FD18FAA4" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler 1928a: 16" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,684,1299,1321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FA85FE3CFAA4" box="[151,392,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cupuladria canariensis</emphasis>
: Canu &amp; Bassler 1928a: 16
</taxonomicName>
(part), text-fig. 2; Marcus &amp; Marcus 1962: 285, pl. 1, figs 1–2; Lagaaij 1963b: 225 (part), pl. 26, figs 4, 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FAC7FD15FAEA" blockId="20.[151,1436,1207,1383]" box="[151,673,1361,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2001FFA4BBA5FAC7FEB8FAEA" box="[151,268,1361,1383]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FAC7FEB8FAEA" box="[151,268,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cupuladria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Cheetham &amp; Sandberg 1964: 1021.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C5E0CCB02001FFA4BBA5FA05FBB4FA27" ID-Table-UUID="C5E0CCB02001FFA4BBA5FA05FBB4FA27" box="[151,1024,1427,1450]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5E0CCB02001FFA4BBA5FA05FBB4FA27" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[165,1422,1484,1734]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5FA05FBB4FA27" blockId="20.[151,1024,1427,1450]" box="[151,1024,1427,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5FA05FEA3FA27" bold="true" box="[151,279,1427,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
Measurements in mm of
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2001FFA4B91AFA05FC4FFA27" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[552,1019,1427,1450]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4B91AFA05FCBCFA27" box="[552,776,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cupuladria biporosa</emphasis>
Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4B954FA5AFA39F94B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<table id="E39F6E982001004FBB97FA5AFA3AF94B" box="[165,1422,1484,1734]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2001004FBB97FA5AFA3AFA6E" box="[165,1422,1484,1507]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FB97AFA5AFD31FA6E" box="[584,645,1484,1507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4B954FA5AFD30FA6E" bold="true" box="[614,644,1484,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lz</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FB9D1FA5AFC94FA6E" box="[739,800,1484,1507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4B9CBFA5AFC94FA6E" bold="true" box="[761,800,1484,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wz</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FB84DFA5AFC0FFA6E" box="[895,955,1484,1507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4B8BFFA5AFC0FFA6E" bold="true" box="[909,955,1484,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lop</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBF28FA5AFBE3FA6E" box="[1050,1111,1484,1507]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BF12FA5AFBE3FA6E" bold="true" box="[1056,1111,1484,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wop</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBF84FA5AFB46FA6E" box="[1206,1266,1484,1507]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BFF7FA5AFB46FA6E" bold="true" box="[1221,1266,1484,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lav</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBE63FA5AFA3AFA6E" box="[1361,1422,1484,1507]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BE6AFA5AFA39FA6E" bold="true" box="[1368,1421,1484,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wav</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2001004FBB97FA6FFA3AF99D" box="[165,1422,1529,1552]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBB97FA6FFF55F99D" box="[165,225,1529,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB97AFA6FFD31F99D" box="[584,645,1529,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB9D1FA6FFC94F99D" box="[739,800,1529,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB84DFA6FFC0FF99D" box="[895,955,1529,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF28FA6FFBE3F99D" box="[1050,1111,1529,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF84FA6FFB46F99D" box="[1206,1266,1529,1552]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBE63FA6FFA3AF99D" box="[1361,1422,1529,1552]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2001004FBB97F9B1FA3AF9B3" box="[165,1422,1575,1598]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBB97F9B1FF55F9B3" box="[165,225,1575,1598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mean</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB97AF9B1FD31F9B3" box="[584,645,1575,1598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.538</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB9D1F9B1FC94F9B3" box="[739,800,1575,1598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.313</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB84DF9B1FC0FF9B3" box="[895,955,1575,1598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.315</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF28F9B1FBE3F9B3" box="[1050,1111,1575,1598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.190</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF84F9B1FB46F9B3" box="[1206,1266,1575,1598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.220</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBE63F9B1FA3AF9B3" box="[1361,1422,1575,1598]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.133</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2001004FBB97F9C2FA3AF9E6" box="[165,1422,1620,1643]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBB97F9C2FF55F9E6" box="[165,225,1620,1643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SD</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB97AF9C2FD31F9E6" box="[584,645,1620,1643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.029</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB9D1F9C2FC94F9E6" box="[739,800,1620,1643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.023</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB84DF9C2FC0FF9E6" box="[895,955,1620,1643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.032</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF28F9C2FBE3F9E6" box="[1050,1111,1620,1643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.021</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF84F9C2FB46F9E6" box="[1206,1266,1620,1643]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.012</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBE63F9C2FA3AF9E6" box="[1361,1422,1620,1643]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.021</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2001004FBB97F914FA3AF914" box="[165,1422,1666,1689]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBB97F914FF55F914" box="[165,225,1666,1689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Min</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB97AF914FD31F914" box="[584,645,1666,1689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.450</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB9D1F914FC94F914" box="[739,800,1666,1689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.288</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB84DF914FC0FF914" box="[895,955,1666,1689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.252</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF28F914FBE3F914" box="[1050,1111,1666,1689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.162</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF84F914FB46F914" box="[1206,1266,1666,1689]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.198</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBE63F914FA3AF914" box="[1361,1422,1666,1689]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.090</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2001004FBB97F939FA3AF94B" box="[165,1422,1711,1734]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<th id="6C7EF7062001004FBB97F939FF55F94B" box="[165,225,1711,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Max</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB97AF939FD31F94B" box="[584,645,1711,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.576</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB9D1F939FC94F94B" box="[739,800,1711,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.378</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FB84DF939FC0FF94B" box="[895,955,1711,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.396</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF28F939FBE3F94B" box="[1050,1111,1711,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.234</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBF84F939FB46F94B" box="[1206,1266,1711,1734]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.234</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062001004FBE63F939FA3AF94B" box="[1361,1422,1711,1734]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.162</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32001FFA4BBA5F89EFC15F8AC" box="[151,929,1800,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA4BBA5F89EFC15F8AC" blockId="20.[151,1436,1800,2005]" box="[151,929,1800,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBA5F89EFE34F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,384,1800,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</emphasis>
VMNH no. 70611, 70612; USNM no. 1283236.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32001FFA5BBF5F8BAFC14FE90" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="91209C382001FFA5BBF5F8BAFC14FE90" blockId="20.[151,1436,1800,2005]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2001FFA4BBF5F8BAFEEDF8C8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1836,1861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</emphasis>
Saucer-shaped colonies, free-living on surface of sandy substrata, up to
<quantity id="566731DD2001FFA4BFA1F8BAFB57F8C9" box="[1171,1251,1836,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
diameter; many colonies broken through predation or physical disturbance; irregular fragments regenerating to repair missing areas and continuing to grow. Convex upper surface of the colony consisting of rows of radially arranged zooids (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2001FFA4BE5DF8E2FF04F83C" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cupuladria biporosa Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923: A, frontal and basal views of colony fragments; B, growing edge of colony; C, autozooids and vibracula; D, close-up showing vibracular chambers; E, basal view of colony fragment, showing patterning of square sectors with round pores; F, close-up of several sectors with 4 pores. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, F, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260501/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–D). Autozooids rhomboidal, with frontal membrane underlain laterally and proximally by granular cryptocyst. At distal end of each zooid an interzooecial vibraculum with an ear-shaped chamber (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2001FFA4BFECF82AFA9AF858" box="[1246,1326,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cupuladria biporosa Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923: A, frontal and basal views of colony fragments; B, growing edge of colony; C, autozooids and vibracula; D, close-up showing vibracular chambers; E, basal view of colony fragment, showing patterning of square sectors with round pores; F, close-up of several sectors with 4 pores. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, F, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260501/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
C, D) and a mandible in the form of a long curved seta. Large vicarious vibracula, with scimitar-shaped setae occur in ancestrular region at apex of colony or in areas of regeneration. Lower surface of the colony consisting of extrazooidal calcification, which forms concentric rings, divided into small square sectors, each with 1-6, mostly 2- 4, round pores (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2000FFA5BA75FE92FE22FE91" box="[327,406,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cupuladria biporosa Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923: A, frontal and basal views of colony fragments; B, growing edge of colony; C, autozooids and vibracula; D, close-up showing vibracular chambers; E, basal view of colony fragment, showing patterning of square sectors with round pores; F, close-up of several sectors with 4 pores. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, F, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260501/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
E, F). No ooecia. Embryos brooded in zooids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C5E0CCB02000FFA5BBA5F883FF5FF82B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260500/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[161,1421,372,1791]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="91209C382000FFA5BBA5F883FF5FF82B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1813,1958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5BBA5F883FEABF8A7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1813,1835]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2000FFA5BA14F880FDC0F8A6" authority="Hincks, 1880" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[294,628,1813,1835]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Antroporidae" genus="Antropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5BA14F880FE66F8A6" box="[294,466,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Antropora minor</emphasis>
(Hincks, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5B94FF883FD22F8A7" bold="true" box="[637,662,1813,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A,</emphasis>
pluriserial much abraded colony;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5B8C3F883FBBCF8A7" bold="true" box="[1009,1032,1813,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B,</emphasis>
group of autozooids and closed zooids;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5BBA5F8A2FF04F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,176,1844,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C,</emphasis>
another group of zooids, showing how frontal membrane becomes calcified by repeated episodes of grazing and regeneration;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5BA10F8C5FE8FF8E5" bold="true" box="[290,315,1875,1896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D,</emphasis>
two autozooids and a kenozooid;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5B9A1F8C5FD1EF8E5" bold="true" box="[659,682,1875,1896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E,</emphasis>
a group of zooids with open to completely calcified frontal membranes;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2000FFA5BEBAF8C5FA2DF8E5" bold="true" box="[1416,1433,1875,1896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F,</emphasis>
close-up of three zooids with various degrees of frontal-wall calcification. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, E, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; F, 0.3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C5E0CCB02003FFA6BBA5F92BFE97F8A2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260501/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[155,1436,198,1703]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="91209C382003FFA6BBA5F92BFE97F8A2" blockId="22.[151,1436,1725,1839]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BBA5F92BFEAAF95F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1725,1747]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2003FFA6BA16F92BFD56F95E" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[292,738,1725,1747]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BA16F92BFE4DF95E" box="[292,505,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cupuladria biporosa</emphasis>
Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6B9DFF92BFCB1F95F" bold="true" box="[749,773,1725,1746]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A,</emphasis>
frontal and basal views of colony fragments;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BFEAF928FB5BF95E" bold="true" box="[1240,1263,1726,1747]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B,</emphasis>
growing edge of colony;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BBD9F94AFEB0F97F" bold="true" box="[235,260,1756,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C,</emphasis>
autozooids and vibracula;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6B92FF94AFD82F97C" bold="true" box="[541,566,1756,1777]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D,</emphasis>
close-up showing vibracular chambers;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6B8E9F94AFC46F97C" bold="true" box="[987,1010,1756,1777]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E,</emphasis>
basal view of colony fragment, showing patterning of square sectors with round pores;
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6B95BF96DFDCEF89D" bold="true" box="[617,634,1787,1808]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F,</emphasis>
close-up of several sectors with 4 pores. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, F, 0.3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32003FFA7BBF5F8CAFBC2FF58" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="91209C382003FFA7BBF5F8CAFBC2FF58" blockId="22.[151,1437,1884,2017]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BBF5F8CAFE8FF8F8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1884,1909]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
Three cupuladriid species are common along the continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to Florida according to the study of Maturo (1968). The two smaller species,
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2003FFA6B8A4F816FBEAF814" box="[918,1118,1920,1945]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="doma">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6B8A4F816FBEAF814" box="[918,1118,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cupuladria doma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2003FFA6BFAAF816FA21F814" box="[1176,1429,1920,1945]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Discoporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BFAAF816FA21F814" box="[1176,1429,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discoporella depressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occur across the entire shelf, but
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2003FFA6B918F832FCAFF830" box="[554,795,1956,1981]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cupuladriidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6B918F832FCAFF830" box="[554,795,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cupuladria biporosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found only on the outer part of the shelf. Their occurrence in
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2003FFA6BA73F85EFE2FF86C" box="[321,411,1992,2017]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Oculina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2003FFA6BA73F85EFE2FF86C" box="[321,411,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rubble may represent a death assemblage as no colonies found had been alive when collected, but sediment samples from the Florida shelf generally contain a large number of dead, relative to living, colonies of cupuladriids, so the species may well be part of the
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2002FFA7B86EFF2AFC02FF58" box="[860,950,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Oculina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2002FFA7B86EFF2AFC02FF58" box="[860,950,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Oculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reef community.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32002FFA7BBF5FF49FC06FF75" box="[199,946,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="91209C382002FFA7BBF5FF49FC06FF75" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,946,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2002FFA7BBF5FF49FED4FF75" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cape Hatteras to
<collectingCountry id="E988DCA82002FFA7B91BFF49FDC4FF75" box="[553,624,223,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Caribbean, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="E988DCA82002FFA7B867FF49FC1AFF75" box="[853,942,223,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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