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<document id="75712239AC0A756CA8DE4CCF7A6ED966" ID-DOI="10.4081/nhs.2024.727" ID-ISSN="2385-0922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753751" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1721184516671" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, Paul &amp; Ríos, Sergio D." docDate="2024" docId="03CF87DCA973B72BFFA7739F15ACFB89" docLanguage="en" docName="NatHistSci.11.1.25-36.pdf" docOrigin="Natural History Sciences 11 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.727" docStyle="DocumentStyle:926963A4B76E17DFFD817EF231EB8DA9.3:NatHistSci.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="926963A4B76E17DFFD817EF231EB8DA9" docStyleName="NatHistSci.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mephitidae Bonaparte 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFF6FFA4A974B723FFD5726E1613FFA3" masterDocTitle="Status and distribution of Paraguayan Procyonidae and Mephitidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1721951795994" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C2D8879A47DFD0D7CCAF91E99AF8779B">Status and distribution of Paraguayan Procyonidae and Mephitidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDE715A9093578CB0CB196778F7E0E6C">Smith, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14C0821191FE5949FEE2CEA5E6D26087">Ríos, Sergio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E411E2A755CA1D4DCE3F31C85B6305C4">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="90ADDEACA5114E4E2742602664F15815">11</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CF87DCA973B72BFFA7739F15ACFB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF87DCA973B72BFFA7739F15ACFB89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF87DCA973B72BFFA7739F15ACFB89" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A973B724FFA7739F1721FDA8" box="[114,306,497,523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FFA7739F1721FDA8" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" box="[114,306,497,523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D09181A6A973B724FFA7739F1721FDA8" allCaps="true" box="[114,306,497,523]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FFA7739F1721FDA8" ID-CoL="CLQ" authority="Bonaparte, 1845" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[114,306,497,523]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FFA7739F1721FDA8" bold="true" box="[114,306,497,523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">MEPHITIDAE</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A973B724FFA470611703FDE4" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FFA470611703FDE4" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D09181A6A973B724FFA470611703FDE4" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FFA470611703FDE4" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
Molina’s hog-nosed skunk
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FE6E706116A0FDE4" authority="(Molina 1782)" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE6E7061149DFD89" bold="true" box="[443,654,527,554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
(Molina 1782)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135D2A4FA973B724FF1770431714FDE4" box="[194,263,557,583]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[831,864,775,797]" captionTargetBox="[831,1474,137,750]" captionTargetId="figure-758@7.[831,1474,137,750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig.5 - Distribution of Conepatus chinga in Paraguay.Specimen examined (yellow circle); Specimen not examined (blue triangle); Literature reference (green square); Photographic record (red hexagon); Reliable observation (purple star). / Distribuzione di Conepatus chinga in Paraguay. Esemplare esaminato (cerchio giallo); esemplare non esaminato (triangolo blu); riferimento bibliografico (quadrato verde); documen- tazione fotografica (esagono rosso); osservazione affidabile (stella viola)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A973B724FF4270221769FD5E" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF4270221701FD00" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4270221402FDC5" authority="Molina 1782: 342" authorityName="Molina" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1782" box="[151,529,587,614]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF427022172DFDC6" box="[151,318,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Viverra chinga</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3C97A973B724FE907025171DFD00" country="Chile" location="Valparaiso" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valparaiso">
Molina 1782: 342.
<typeStatus id="54DD8868A973B724FDC970221447FDC5" box="[540,596,588,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
locality “Chili”, restricted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FEFE700417C6FD27" author="Cabrera A." box="[299,469,617,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref11359" refString="Cabrera A., 1957 [1958] - Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot; Ciencias Zoologicas, 4: 1 - 308." type="book chapter" year="1957">Cabrera (1957)</bibRefCitation>
to “alrededores de
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A973B724FD7E700416B9FD01" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Valparaiso</collectingRegion>
” (
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA973B724FF1670E61715FD00" box="[195,262,648,675]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Chile</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF4270C8143DFD62" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" box="[151,558,678,705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4270C817A5FD63" ID-CoL="3T3X" authority="Bertoni (1914" authorityName="Bertoni" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,438,678,704]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF4270C8171CFD63" box="[151,271,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FEC370C817A5FD63" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[278,438,678,704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11068" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1914 - Fauna Paraguaya. Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Peces, batracios, reptiles, aves y mamiferos conocidos hasta 1913. Establecimiento Grafico M." type="journal volume" year="1914">Bertoni (1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: mention).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF4270AA1769FD5E" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4270AA1790FD7D" ID-CoL="9GXRY" box="[151,387,708,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suffocans">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF4270AA1790FD7D" box="[151,387,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus suffocans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forma
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE0E70AB1451FD7D" box="[475,578,709,734]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">marputio</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FD9970AA14E3FD7C" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[588,752,708,735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11112" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1925 - Noticias zoologicas. Conepatus suffocans Ill. Dyaguare. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 2 (1): 68." type="journal volume" year="1925">Bertoni (1925</bibRefCitation>
: first record, taxonomy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A973B724FF42716F178EFBEA" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF42716F1767FC9A" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF42716F179EFCB9" box="[151,397,768,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
[
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF77716F1791FCB9" box="[162,386,768,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">Conepatus chilensis</taxonomicName>
]
</emphasis>
forma
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE09716F1459FCB9" box="[476,586,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">maipurito</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FD84716E14E3FCB9" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[593,752,768,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref11145" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1939 - Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 4: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1939">Bertoni (1939</bibRefCitation>
: checklist, distribution).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF196642A973B724FCEA71691568FC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753761/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" startId="7.[831,864,775,797]" targetBox="[831,1474,137,750]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FCEA71691568FC6D" blockId="7.[831,1474,774,974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
Fig. 5 - Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FBDB716912A1FCBF" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1038,1202,775,796]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FBDB716912A1FCBF" box="[1038,1202,775,796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Paraguay. Specimen examined (yellow circle); Specimen not examined (blue triangle); Literature reference (green square); Photographic record (red hexagon); Reliable observation (purple star). / Distribuzione di
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FB05713D1366FCCB" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1232,1397,851,872]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FB05713D1366FCCB" box="[1232,1397,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Paraguay. Esemplare esaminato (cerchio giallo); esemplare non esaminato (triangolo blu); riferimento bibliografico (quadrato verde); documentazione fotografica (esagono rosso); osservazione affidabile (stella viola).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF427153141EFCD5" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF427153148DFCF4" authority="Jover Peralta &amp; Osuna" authorityName="Jover Peralta &amp; Osuna" box="[151,670,829,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF427153176CFCF4" box="[151,383,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chilensis</emphasis>
Jover Peralta &amp; Osuna
</taxonomicName>
(1952: dictionary); Gatti (1985: dictionary).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF42711714E6FC37" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" box="[151,757,889,916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4271171410FC30" authority="Seelwische" authorityName="Seelwische" box="[151,515,889,915]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suffocans">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF427117176CFC30" box="[151,383,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus suffocans</emphasis>
Seelwische
</taxonomicName>
(1980: ethnography).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF4271F916CEFC73" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4271F91477FC11" authority="Seesee et al." authorityName="Seesee" box="[151,612,919,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="suffocans">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF4271F917C0FC12" box="[151,467,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga suffocans</emphasis>
Seesee
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FDF971F6144EFC12" box="[556,605,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
(1981: parasitology).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF4271BA16E1FBAF" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4271BA140BFC4E" authority="Roguin" authorityName="Roguin" box="[151,536,979,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="budini">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF4271BA17A9FC4E" box="[151,442,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga budini</emphasis>
Roguin
</taxonomicName>
(1986: specimens, taxonomy).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF42767E178EFBEA" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF42767E17F5FB8A" authority="Roguin" authorityName="Roguin" box="[151,486,1039,1066]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldtii">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF42767E179DFB8A" box="[151,398,1039,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus humboldtii</emphasis>
Roguin
</taxonomicName>
(1986: taxonomy); Morales (2007: conservation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A973B724FF427622148CF812" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF427622172FF9EA" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FF4276221415FBC5" ID-CoL="XLCB" authority="Brooks 1991" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,518,1100,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF4276221775FBC5" box="[151,358,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FEA776221415FBC5" author="Brooks D." box="[370,518,1100,1126]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref11176" refString="Brooks D., 1991 - Some notes on terrestrial mustelids in the central Paraguayan Chaco. Mustelid and Viverrid Conservation, 4: 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1991">Brooks 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(conservation, ecology, mortality); Gamarra de Fox &amp; Martin (1996: specimens); Lowen
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FEF276E7174CFB01" box="[295,351,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (1996; distribution); Neris
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FD6076E714FEFB01" box="[693,749,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (1996: use); Gamarra de Fox
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE1776C917E7FB63" box="[450,500,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (1998: conservation); Yahnke
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF1A76AB1710FB7D" box="[207,259,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (1998: distribution); Hill &amp; Padwe (2000: mention); Villalba &amp; Yanosky (2000: ecology, tracks);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FFA4776F1738FAB8" author="Areskoug, V." box="[113,299,1281,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="25 - 38" refId="ref10963" refString="Areskoug, V., 2001 - Utilisation of remnant dry-forest corridors by the native fauna in a pastural landscape in the Paraguayan Chaco. CB- M: s Skriftserie, 3: 25 - 38." type="journal article" year="2001">Areskoug (2001</bibRefCitation>
: ecology); Esquivel (2001: guide); Neris &amp; Colman (2001: folklore, use);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FE3C7771146DFA9A" author="Cartes J. L." box="[489,638,1311,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="141 - 165" refId="ref11397" refString="Cartes J. L., 2004 - Importancia de la conservacion de los humedales para los mamiferos. In: Humedales del Paraguay. Salas-Duenas D. A., Mereles F. &amp; Yanosky A. (eds.). Comite Nacional de Humedales, Asuncion (Paraguay): 141 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2004">Cartes (2004</bibRefCitation>
: ecology); Klassen
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF037750171FFAF4" box="[214,268,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2005: guide); Neris &amp; Franco Rivarola (2005: guide); Yeo
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE8377321798FAD6" box="[342,395,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2005: mention); Smith
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FD6D773214FEFAD6" box="[696,749,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2006: distribution); Rumbo (2010: ecology);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FD737717173AFA12" author="Acosta N. &amp; Lopez E." pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="90 - 96" refId="ref10760" refString="Acosta N. &amp; Lopez E., 2013 - Reservorios mamiferos del Trypanosoma cruzi en Paraguay. Memorias del Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud, 11: 90 - 96." type="journal article" year="2013">Acosta &amp; López (2013</bibRefCitation>
: mention); Velázquez &amp; Ramírez Pinto (2014: guide); de la Sancha
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE6A77D817E7FA6C" box="[447,500,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2017, list); Saldîvar
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FFA477BA16B7FA4E" box="[113,164,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2017: conservation); Villalba
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FDC777BA1450FA4E" box="[530,579,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2018: guide); Epp (2018: guide); Weiler
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FE71779C17C6F9AF" box="[420,469,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2019: guide); Weiler
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FD34779C1694F989" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2020: distribution, ecology); Zuercher
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FDB1747F148AF989" box="[612,665,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2022: diet, distribution).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FF427422148CF812" blockId="7.[112,758,497,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
Local names:
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FEEB7422176EF9C5" bold="true" box="[318,381,1612,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">AVA:</emphasis>
Jaguane’i (Villalba &amp; Yanosky, 2000);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF1174021740F92B" bold="true" box="[196,339,1644,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">GUARANÍ:</emphasis>
Yaguá-né (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FE027404146AF927" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[471,633,1642,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref11145" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1939 - Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 4: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1939">Bertoni, 1939</bibRefCitation>
); Jagua në (Seelwische, 1980); Yaguané (Jover Peralta &amp; Osuna, 1952); Jaguané (Neris
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FEA074C917B5F963" box="[373,422,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 1996); Jaguane’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FDAB74C816BCF97C" author="Areskoug, V." pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="25 - 38" refId="ref10963" refString="Areskoug, V., 2001 - Utilisation of remnant dry-forest corridors by the native fauna in a pastural landscape in the Paraguayan Chaco. CB- M: s Skriftserie, 3: 25 - 38." type="journal article" year="2001">Areskoug, 2001</bibRefCitation>
); Jaguane (Neris
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FEAD74AB17BFF97C" box="[376,428,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 2002); Jagua ne (Fariña &amp; Hostettler, 2003);Yaguapé (Morales, 2007);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FDBF748C14D4F95F" bold="true" box="[618,711,1762,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">MBYA:</emphasis>
Yaguané (Lowen
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FEC2756C1754F8B8" box="[279,327,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 1996); Jaguane (Villalba &amp; Yanosky, 2000);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF1B75711401F89A" bold="true" box="[206,530,1823,1849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">MENNONITE DIALECT</emphasis>
: Stinkkatze (Epp, 2018);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FF127553175BF8F4" bold="true" box="[199,328,1853,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">SPANISH:</emphasis>
Zorrino común (Seelwische, 1980); Huroncito (Morales, 2007); Zorrino comon (sic) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FD61753516E5F837" author="Areskoug, V." pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="25 - 38" refId="ref10963" refString="Areskoug, V., 2001 - Utilisation of remnant dry-forest corridors by the native fauna in a pastural landscape in the Paraguayan Chaco. CB- M: s Skriftserie, 3: 25 - 38." type="journal article" year="2001">Areskoug, 2001</bibRefCitation>
); Zorrino (Neris &amp; Colman, 2001). Yaguané and variations translates roughly as “smelly dog”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A973B72BFCB076611281FC6C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FCB076611216FAD6" blockId="7.[830,1477,1039,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
Comments: This is the Yagüaré of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FB3C76611364FB8A" author="Azara F. de" box="[1257,1399,1039,1065]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11030" refString="Azara F. de, 1802 - Apuntamientos para la Historia Natural de los Quadrupedos del Paraguay y Rio de la Plata. Tomo 2. Imprenta de la Viuda de Ibarra, Madrid (Spain)." type="journal volume" year="1802">Azara (1802</bibRefCitation>
; Tome 1: 187) and l’Yagouaré of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FBB6764012E2FBE4" author="Azara F. de" box="[1123,1265,1069,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11000" refString="Azara F. de, 1801 - Essais sur l'Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupedes de la Province du Paraguay. Tome 2. Charles Pougens, Paris (France)." type="book" year="1801">Azara (1801</bibRefCitation>
; Tome 1: 211), but he did not report the species from
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA973B724FB117622133DFBC5" box="[1220,1326,1100,1126]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
. The subspecies present in
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA973B724FC3876041246FB27" box="[1005,1109,1130,1156]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
is
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FBAE760412A2FB20" box="[1147,1201,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">C. c.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FB6D760413D1FB27" authority="(Illiger 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1208,1474,1130,1156]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suffocans">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FB6D76041331FB27" box="[1208,1314,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">suffocans</emphasis>
(Illiger 1811)
</taxonomicName>
which is based on Azara᾽s
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FBA076E612E3FB01" box="[1141,1264,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">l’Yagouaré</emphasis>
and has restricted
<typeStatus id="54DD8868A973B724FC9776C81561FB63" box="[834,882,1190,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
locality “
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A973B724FC0B76C81256FB63" box="[990,1093,1190,1216]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA973B724FB9B76C812D2FB63" box="[1102,1217,1190,1216]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Argentina</collectingCountry>
” (Thomas, 1902: 240). The nomenclature of the South American skunks was confused for a long time, with different coat variations being described as different species (Ihering, 1910;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FAB3776E15D7FA9A" author="Agnolin F. L. &amp; Derguy M. R. &amp; Godoy I. N. &amp; Chimento N. R." pageId="7" pageNumber="32" pagination="107 - 181" refId="ref10795" refString="Agnolin F. L., Derguy M. R., Godoy I. N. &amp; Chimento N. R., 2019 - Mamiferos argentinos: descripcion de nuevas especies de las colecciones de Elio Massoia y Julio R. Contreras (Rodentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora). Historia Natural, 9 (2): 107 - 181." type="journal article" year="2019">
Agnolin
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FCEA77711561FA9B" box="[831,882,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 2019
</bibRefCitation>
), however all Paraguayan reports refer to the same species
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FC0B775312BFFAF5" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1991" box="[990,1196,1340,1367]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FC0B775312BFFAF5" box="[990,1196,1340,1367]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schiaffini
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FAE377531379FAF5" box="[1334,1386,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 2013; Teta
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FCA3773515B4FAD6" box="[886,935,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 2020).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B724FCB07717128AF97C" blockId="7.[830,1477,1039,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FCB0771715E2FA30" author="Azara F. de" box="[869,1009,1401,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11000" refString="Azara F. de, 1801 - Essais sur l'Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupedes de la Province du Paraguay. Tome 2. Charles Pougens, Paris (France)." type="book" year="1801">Azara (1801</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FC2977171226FA30" author="Azara F. de" box="[1020,1077,1401,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11030" refString="Azara F. de, 1802 - Apuntamientos para la Historia Natural de los Quadrupedos del Paraguay y Rio de la Plata. Tomo 2. Imprenta de la Viuda de Ibarra, Madrid (Spain)." type="journal volume" year="1802">1802</bibRefCitation>
) called it a species of
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FAF37714136FFA30" box="[1318,1404,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">campos</emphasis>
(open habitats), describing the defensive behaviour of the species, the variations in coat colour and the extensive uses that the indigenous people of the Pampas have for it. He noted two false beliefs about the species that were later repeated in numerous natural history publications. 1) that the indigenous people capture it by grabbing it by the tail and lifting it rapidly upwards and that this means the animal does not spray its “pestilence” and 2) that other skunks are attracted to a dead skunk, so that people chase them some distance from their house before they kill them, to avoid attracting more.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA973B72BFCB0748C1471FEF5" blockId="7.[830,1477,1039,1970]" lastBlockId="8.[112,758,135,1970]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FCB0748C121FF95E" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[869,1036,1762,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11068" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1914 - Fauna Paraguaya. Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Peces, batracios, reptiles, aves y mamiferos conocidos hasta 1913. Establecimiento Grafico M." type="journal volume" year="1914">Bertoni (1914)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that he had heard “news of
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FC95756F15A4F8B8" authorityName="Bertoni" authorityYear="1914" box="[832,951,1793,1819]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FC95756F15A4F8B8" box="[832,951,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” but that the reports required confirmation. The first published report of the species in
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA973B724FAE9757113B7F89A" box="[1340,1444,1823,1849]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
is
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA973B724FCEA755315FFF8FB" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[831,1004,1853,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11112" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1925 - Noticias zoologicas. Conepatus suffocans Ill. Dyaguare. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 2 (1): 68." type="journal volume" year="1925">Bertoni (1925)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FBF5755313AEF8F4" authority="(Illiger 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1056,1469,1853,1879]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suffocans">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FBF575531302F8F4" box="[1056,1297,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus suffocans</emphasis>
(Illiger 1811)
</taxonomicName>
, adding that “the forest species”
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A973B724FB48753515C9F830" authority="(Desmarest, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A973B724FB487535136EF8D6" box="[1181,1405,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="32">Conepatus chilensis</emphasis>
(Desmarest, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
may also occur in the country. Though this two taxa approach was very much the taxonomy of the time (Hensel, 1872; Ihering, 1910), the two names are now considered synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A97CB72BFE1D72C81487FF63" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1991" box="[456,660,166,192]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFE1D72C81487FF63" box="[456,660,166,192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA97CB72BFD1672C816E7FF7D" author="Bertoni A. de" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref11145" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1939 - Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 4: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1939">Bertoni (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, only
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A97CB72BFEEB72AA1431FF7D" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[318,546,196,222]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFEEB72AA1431FF7D" box="[318,546,196,222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Conepatus chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“form
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFDAC72AB14F4FF7D" box="[633,743,197,222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">maipurito</emphasis>
” was listed, this referring to skunks of the variation with an entirely white back (Smith, 2024).
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A97CB72BFDFA736F1717FE9B" authority="Gmelin 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mapurito">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFDFA736F14E7FEB9" box="[559,756,257,282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Viverra mapurito</emphasis>
Gmelin 1788
</taxonomicName>
is based on the Moufette Mapurito de Mutis (
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFFAE7353170AFEF5" box="[123,281,316,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Act. Holmiens</emphasis>
, 1768) of “Nueva Hispania”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFF4273341743FC6C" blockId="8.[112,758,135,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA97CB72BFF427334172DFED6" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[151,318,346,373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref11145" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1939 - Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 4: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1939">Bertoni (1939)</bibRefCitation>
listed the species from the Chaco and had changed this text to a requirement for confirmation referring to “the east and south” (presumably broadly corresponding the Oriental region). This is apparently the first print reference to the possibility of skunks occurring east of the
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA97CB72BFE99739C17A7FDAF" box="[332,436,498,524]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
River. Yahnke
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFDBD739C148AFDA8" box="[616,665,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. (1998) (for Parque Nacional Cerro Corá), Smith
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFDEE707E1478FD8A" box="[571,619,527,553]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) (for Área para Parque Nacional San Rafael) and Velázquez &amp; Ramírez Pinto (2014) for (Reserva Tapytá) all reference the species in the humid forests of the Oriental region, but no physical evidence or documentation of any of these claims is available. However, there are previous published reports by locals of the presence of the species at the latter site that lend credibility (Lowen
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFDB0708D1484FD5F" box="[613,663,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 1996). Nonetheless this is complicated by the fact that the local name Yaguane is sometimes used erroneously for grisons
<taxonomicName id="4C664D49A97CB72BFFA7715316D8FCF4" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1826" box="[114,203,829,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFFA7715316D8FCF4" box="[114,203,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Galictis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(properly called Yaguape) and vice versa, and these animals are also superficially similar in colouration and appearance. Camera-trapping projects in the forests of the Oriental region have so far failed to capture any evidence of skunks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFF4271BD174FFB27" blockId="8.[112,758,135,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
The most detailed modern published data on this species for
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA97CB72BFF18719C1726FBAF" box="[205,309,1010,1036]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
is by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA97CB72BFEAE719F140DFBAF" author="Brooks D." box="[379,542,1009,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref11176" refString="Brooks D., 1991 - Some notes on terrestrial mustelids in the central Paraguayan Chaco. Mustelid and Viverrid Conservation, 4: 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1991">Brooks (1991)</bibRefCitation>
who notes that the species is both diurnal and nocturnal, is sometimes shot for preying on poultry eggs and that historically it was used in ethno-medicine. He estimated a population density of 1 per
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFF2A7604175EFB27" box="[255,333,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="1.4">1.4 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C139B82A97CB72BFE9876041746FBDB" attach="left" box="[333,341,1130,1144]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">2</superScript>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFF4276E617DFF901" blockId="8.[112,758,135,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
Geographical distribution: Possibly confined to the Dry Chaco region where it is rather common in the more xeric regions, and apparently largely absent from the Humid Chaco and Pantanal ecoregions. Distribution in the humid forests of the Atlantic Forest region is certainly possible (as they are present in the forests of
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFDB2777114E3FA9A" box="[615,752,1311,1337]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Paraná state</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA97CB72BFFA4775316A6FAF4" box="[113,181,1341,1367]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and Misiones province,
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA97CB72BFE0D7753145FFAFB" box="[472,588,1341,1368]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Argentina</collectingCountry>
), but there remains tantalizingly little evidence to support it. If the species is present in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, then it is at extremely low density. Zuercher
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFDD377F61425FA12" box="[518,566,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. (2022) report it for the Mbaracayú Forest Reserve, Canindeyú department based on molecular identification of scat samples (n=6), but extensive camera trapping at this locality over multiple years has never captured the species and the indigenous Aché who inhabit the area do not have a name for the animal (M. Velázquez, pers. comm.). In addition, reports from other localities in the Oriental region are rare, mostly old and undocumented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFF4274C817FDF8D5" blockId="8.[112,758,135,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
Examined specimens: “Chaco” (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFDE374C91497F962" box="[566,644,1703,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">MJUF</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFD7D74C81707F97D" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFD7D74C8171CF97D" country="Paraguay" name="Alto Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">ALTO PARAGUAY</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFFAC748D16CCF95E" box="[121,223,1763,1789]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">MNHNP</collectionCode>
794; Gamarra de Fox &amp; Martin, 1996; Yahnke
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFFA7756C16B4F8B8" box="[114,167,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 1998);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFEC1756C17D3F8BD" bold="true" box="[276,448,1794,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFEC1756C17AFF8BD" box="[276,444,1794,1822]" country="Paraguay" name="Boqueron" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">BOQUERÓN</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFF1B75711727F89A" box="[206,308,1823,1849]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">MNHNP</collectionCode>
791; Gamarra de Fox &amp; Martin, 1996; Yahnke
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFF0575501716F8F4" box="[208,261,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 1998); Teniente Martínez (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFD87755314ABF8F4" box="[594,696,1853,1879]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">MNHNP</collectionCode>
790; Gamarra de Fox &amp; Martin, 1996).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFF4275171585FDA8" blockId="8.[112,758,135,1970]" lastBlockId="8.[831,1476,135,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
Specimens not examined:
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFE10751714AFF830" bold="true" box="[453,700,1913,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFE10751714ABF830" box="[453,696,1913,1939]" country="Paraguay" name="Alto Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">ALTO PARAGUAY</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFD1075141686F812" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="28.8">28.8 km</quantity>
W by road of Fortín Madrejón (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFDE475F61499F811" box="[561,650,1944,1970]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="University or college">UMMZ</collectionCode>
124451, 124452);
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFC6472E615EEFF02" box="[945,1021,135,162]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
W and
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFBB172E912A2FF02" box="[1124,1201,135,161]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
N of Pablo Lagerenza (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFC9272C815BEFF63" box="[839,941,166,192]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jrf7-y871" name="University of Connecticut Biodiversity Research Collections" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">UCONN</collectionCode>
20025);
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFBC072C8124EFF63" box="[1045,1117,166,192]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="49.0">49 km</quantity>
NE and
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFB1072C8131EFF63" box="[1221,1293,166,192]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
N of Pablo Lagerenza (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFC7F72AA1203FF7D" box="[938,1040,196,222]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jrf7-y871" name="University of Connecticut Biodiversity Research Collections" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">UCONN</collectionCode>
19531);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFBAA72AB1338FF42" bold="true" box="[1151,1323,197,225]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFBAA72AB1334FF42" box="[1151,1319,197,225]" country="Paraguay" name="Boqueron" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">BOQUERÓN</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFAE272AA1390FF7D" box="[1335,1411,196,222]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S of Teniente Martínez (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFBC8728C1249FF5F" box="[1053,1114,226,252]" country="USA" name="Museum of Southwestern Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">MSB</collectionCode>
54082);
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFB14728C131AFF5F" box="[1217,1289,226,253]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
SW of Copagro (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFC9D736E15BDFEB9" box="[840,942,256,282]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jrf7-y871" name="University of Connecticut Biodiversity Research Collections" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">UCONN</collectionCode>
19048);
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFBC4736E124BFEB9" box="[1041,1112,256,283]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
WSW of Fortín Madrejón (AM- NH 248467, 248468, 248469, 248470); Estancia Iparoma,
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFCA5735215ABFEF5" box="[880,952,316,342]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
N of Filadelfia (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFBA7735212CBFEF5" box="[1138,1240,316,342]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jrf7-y871" name="University of Connecticut Biodiversity Research Collections" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">UCONN</collectionCode>
19828); Estancia La Conquista near to Pratt’s Gill (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFB747335135BFED6" box="[1185,1352,347,373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">MHNG-MAM</collectionCode>
1689.068; Roguin, 1986; Gamarra de Fox &amp; Martin, 1996); Guachalla, Rio Pilcomayo
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFBE473F9129CFE12" box="[1073,1167,407,434]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="580.0">580 km</quantity>
W of
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFB3873F9134BFE12" box="[1261,1368,407,433]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Asunción</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFABA73F913D1FE12" box="[1391,1474,407,433]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
54329, 54330);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFC2373DB1309FE6C" bold="true" box="[1014,1306,437,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFC2373DB1306FE6C" box="[1014,1301,437,463]" country="Paraguay" name="Presidente Hayes" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PRESIDENTE HAYES</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9E9B2FA97CB72BFAF673DB137EFE6C" box="[1315,1389,437,464]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="85.0">85 km</quantity>
east of Loma Plata,
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFC1873BA1232FE4D" box="[973,1057,468,494]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Laguna</collectingRegion>
Pora de Colonia Fernheim (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFA8873BD13D0FE4E" box="[1373,1475,467,493]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jrf7-y871" name="University of Connecticut Biodiversity Research Collections" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">UCONN</collectionCode>
19829).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFCB07061159BFCD5" blockId="8.[831,1476,135,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
Literature references: “
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFB5E706112CBFD8A" box="[1163,1240,527,553]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Chaco</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA97CB72BFAD6706113A6FD8A" author="Bertoni A. de" box="[1283,1461,527,553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref11145" refString="Bertoni A. de W., 1939 - Catalogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay, 4: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1939">Bertoni, 1939</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFCEA704315CFFDE4" bold="true" box="[831,988,557,583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFCEA704315C4FDE4" box="[831,983,557,583]" country="Paraguay" name="Amambay" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">AMAMBAY</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Cerro Corá? (Yahnke
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFCEA70221596FDC6" box="[831,901,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 1998);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFBC1702312D2FDCA" bold="true" box="[1044,1217,589,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFBC1702312AFFDCA" box="[1044,1212,589,617]" country="Paraguay" name="Boqueron" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">BOQUERÓN</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Estancia Montanía (
<geoCoordinate id="EE52500DA97CB72BFC9D700715C1FD27" box="[840,978,617,644]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-21.963335">21º57’48’’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE52500DA97CB72BFC087004126EFD27" box="[989,1149,618,644]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-60.071945">60 º 04’19’’W</geoCoordinate>
) (Weiler
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFB327004130AFD27" box="[1255,1305,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 2020); Fortín Toledo (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA97CB72BFC7670E61255FD01" author="Brooks D." box="[931,1094,648,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref11176" refString="Brooks D., 1991 - Some notes on terrestrial mustelids in the central Paraguayan Chaco. Mustelid and Viverrid Conservation, 4: 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1991">Brooks, 1991</bibRefCitation>
); Gran Siete (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B3BA97CB72BFB2070E613A6FD01" author="Areskoug, V." box="[1269,1461,648,674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" pagination="25 - 38" refId="ref10963" refString="Areskoug, V., 2001 - Utilisation of remnant dry-forest corridors by the native fauna in a pastural landscape in the Paraguayan Chaco. CB- M: s Skriftserie, 3: 25 - 38." type="journal article" year="2001">Areskoug, 2001</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFCEA70C915C1FD60" bold="true" box="[831,978,679,707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFCEA70C915DFFD60" box="[831,972,679,707]" country="Paraguay" name="Caazapa" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">CAAZAPÁ</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Reserva Tapytá? (Lowen
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFADE70C9132FFD63" box="[1291,1340,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 1996; Velázquez &amp; Ramírez, Pinto 2014);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFB6B70AB1360FD42" bold="true" box="[1214,1395,709,737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFB6B70AB137EFD42" box="[1214,1389,709,737]" country="Paraguay" name="Canindeyu" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">CANINDEYÚ</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú? (Hill &amp; Padwe, 2000; Zuercher
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFC7B716F15F1FCB9" box="[942,994,768,794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 2022);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFB9E716C12ADFCBD" bold="true" box="[1099,1214,770,798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFB9E716C12AAFCBD" box="[1099,1209,770,798]" country="Paraguay" name="Itapua" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">ITAPÚA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Área para Parque Nacional San Rafael? (Smith
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFBA2717112BBFC9B" box="[1143,1192,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
., 2006);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFAC5717015B4FCF5" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFAC5717015B2FCF5" country="Paraguay" name="Presidente Hayes" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PRESIDENTE HAYES</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Estancia Tinfunqué (Gamarra de Fox &amp; Martin, 1996).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFCB071171281FC6C" blockId="8.[831,1476,135,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
Photographic records:
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFBB671141303FC35" bold="true" box="[1123,1296,890,918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">BOQUERÓN:</emphasis>
Estancia Iparoma (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFCA071F915A2FC12" box="[885,945,919,945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">SDR</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFC1D71F912FDFC12" bold="true" box="[968,1262,919,945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PRESIDENTE HAYES:</emphasis>
Chaco Lodge (H. del Castillo, FPMAM918
<collectingCountry id="F371765AA97CB72BFBB471DB1295FC6C" box="[1121,1158,949,975]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PH</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C6541A97CB72BFCB071BD15ACFB89" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD936CAA97CB72BFCB071BD15ACFB89" blockId="8.[831,1476,135,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3C97A97CB72BFCB071BD15CAFBAF" collectionCode="PS" location="Mariscal Estigarribia" municipality="Reliable" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="BOQUERON">
Reliable observations:
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFBBE71BB130BFC52" bold="true" box="[1131,1304,981,1009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFBBE71BB1300FC52" box="[1131,1299,981,1009]" country="Paraguay" name="Boqueron" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">BOQUERÓN</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB96011A97CB72BFAF771BD1585FBA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF87DCA973B72BFFA7739F15ACFB89:8EB96011A97CB72BFAF771BD1585FBA8" municipality="Reliable" name="Mariscal Estigarribia" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="BOQUERON">Mariscal Estigarribia</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFC7D719C15D8FBAF" box="[936,971,1010,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PS</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3C97A97CB72BFC37719F15A8FB89" collectionCode="PS, SDR" location="PRESIDENTE HAYES" municipality="Reliable" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PRESIDENTE HAYES">
<emphasis id="B912EAD8A97CB72BFC37719F1316FBA8" bold="true" box="[994,1285,1009,1035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<collectingRegion id="49A2F828A97CB72BFC37719F1313FBA8" box="[994,1280,1009,1035]" country="Paraguay" name="Presidente Hayes" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PRESIDENTE HAYES</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Laguna Capitán (
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFC9F767E157FFB89" box="[842,876,1040,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">PS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED77AE0FA97CB72BFCAD767E15A0FB89" box="[888,947,1040,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">SDR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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