treatments-xml/data/03/B0/75/03B07573A443FFC5B7A0FE04E5BFFB49.xml

<document id="04268CDC309E4E9BE96F327E4A65541E" ID-CLB-Dataset="57817" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3039d03d-f59e-4e59-87de-3d923e8f5fff" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744408" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1679049690049" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yang, Erfu, Lu, Wenhua, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Gao, Ying, Promputtha, Itthayakorn &amp; Karunarathna, Samantha C." docDate="2023" docId="03B07573A443FFC5B7A0FE04E5BFFB49" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.587.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 587 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Trichoderma virens Arx, Beih." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="263" masterDocId="FF890D0BA448FFC9B728FF9EE405FFCD" masterDocTitle="Three interesting fungi from American bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana) in Yunnan, China" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1699476755874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="D172AA70D2936A95F093595640475F1A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8F5B405D59A1AF70DEF64EDD2B2C86F4">
<mods:title id="A34BD4554AA0268A5B185519563E833B">Three interesting fungi from American bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana) in Yunnan, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CC8E091BB0AE4E947248FA36E22789BB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="87F74771AB3834A4E19311FF57970C6F">
<mods:roleTerm id="29DA28B7E8AFC27F1F819C962C1CB83B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="51D20D9032386502403C104F10B3DBF0">Yang, Erfu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8A217C23A4EBE0D5A00581F59DC80668" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2385-6402</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9AA2FAE3757606D01A1A93EDF49EF9C0">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, People’s Republic of China &amp; Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand &amp; erfu 20170431 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2385 - 6402</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="559C1DE2232FFCC1746BE9F73A430900" type="email">erfu20170431@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6AE26614CFEFFA7792C11C7F649394B8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C1D63240A40AE41F642CBC0ADE9A25A">
<mods:roleTerm id="832D41A2B7BAF7470866802F2887795C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="79E990B3F592476AB2C67AE256CAC871">Lu, Wenhua</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="18CC939CB5C0C991CF6A75FF61BB1457" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7283-7596</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3038E4B3973C5C980F709A5583981918">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, People’s Republic of China &amp; reuven 0319 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7283 - 7596</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="166E88ACF8338E3710389CB1805055AF" type="email">reuven0319@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A260D2378938049F796D0A9092223170" type="personal">
<mods:role id="31FD9F73B8D030AD28934B4404DA09B1">
<mods:roleTerm id="289B8BA826E3B5DFA0FBBFA9D649FD84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="689BA940EFE2B073313EB80017017C89">Tibpromma, Saowaluck</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E977390607C0E55D81A4AC91727C7523" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4706-6547</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B1C39D120D03F2FF8911431E3A1D7D96">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, People’s Republic of China &amp; saowaluckfai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4706 - 6547</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2AE876F3F483CCC7386730608AC27AE7" type="email">saowaluckfai@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FA8C79F6AEAE271F866EF1FDA8DB176C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BFDFB9F6F5CFC67E8BAB2BC7B35D278">
<mods:roleTerm id="BA10B5B69189FEC7B01767EF20E5918D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D83C7E7B28879E1B31775C49FB1362F9">Dai, Dongqin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFFAF4DA3077445D1E6EE99A278B90D5" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8935-8807</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="659D3FC6F8218E2DF2AC1834554A3AB4">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, People’s Republic of China &amp; cicidaidongqin @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8935 - 8807</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E3608FECE739071E61437E810776B9A" type="email">cicidaidongqin@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2E30CCF23644AF2B654B4BD51F8608EE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0EC37282E32524F0ACF04F934F5C0683">
<mods:roleTerm id="9660DED68A5C1DB4C5C7F15B18CB02FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="76AFE283234632C5CA975A3EDDB0CF0C">Gao, Ying</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="10DD6EB68ACF293012860295188D697B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8671-1978</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="472E7A2F9DBD0EEF951A5E28BD68A8C6">Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; gaoying @ mail. kib. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8671 - 1978</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="112D5F23C5DF36869F4960CC374C22D8" type="email">gaoying@mail.kib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BDDEC46FA6891C0FBB34796BE1B5E245" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FDDA55A70CD0F1BD7E6AA6B099B91FE6">
<mods:roleTerm id="8529A6DF886E6D65CCE3B5D806CB86C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="534CA24F1A5973980104915A87587FCB">Promputtha, Itthayakorn</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="75CEC71E365D6848535FC26241A6A185" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3376-4376</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="68415200ED504023CF00ED60B5ACA80A">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand &amp; itthayakorn. p @ cmu. ac. th; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3376 - 4376</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A8D216F75ABE90519791F1B50D647CD" type="email">itthayakorn.p@cmu.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="84EBC8A670A3433458013504F0E2C5D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="56F7CDB23A08B043855788CCF74F7EB3">
<mods:roleTerm id="3DB28034498D2FDF9E384C6B8B066D66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="92612FAE2C361DCD24A0B11AEA3D5190">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="429BC978E514E7E39C1E08F43AB64CEA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7080-0781</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="87FD0FB0948C7DD5CBFF90421ADBAE26">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, People’s Republic of China &amp; National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Sri Lanka &amp; samanthakarunarathna @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7080 - 0781</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1451ABC61DCCD003C60A709C525C2725" type="email">samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7D19587C22356DB1EB14DD6A654EDB7D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4FD5407212D5365A68B4DE7678ED8BAD" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5E77779848391CFEF5C57A85ED86A074">
<mods:title id="81CC2724092C2F9FE598793D4D290126">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="45DB9CE22944704803F0E0C9B3216F02">
<mods:date id="B27BEFF97030905F0E39A8F39C6096C8">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A8AB56814B3A4A150886DABB25512934" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1B5C98806277E72B1F51789515BE120B">2023-03-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C0C0462A8B857F74410818D1BFC854D5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B75D78833BE19CB81CDD10E9A3162D90">587</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0055ECB20D2D3CF1BE696DA5F9ADD2D1" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9EC43BAB1DF29EF59013B95AD0359E3C">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A217C8FD19B5E10B2851BEBB0F856F44" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5FB4C4F27B6D3C12E8340BEAE9B8D386">251</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A665473C2DB491131BC8F6DE7136DF4B">268</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="C45718EE04341283FF4C4935BC65A7F9">
<mods:url id="CEA43D7CAA3C0D85C6418710DCF80179">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="B7ACABED8A703AEB83D0F9911E0676E8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="67C4F293E4018AD19E0E4310705E760A" type="CLB-Dataset">57817</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="39F8B0E5B9F41105481E4834A8D04C5D" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F4E4EC568940939F5932A66C3853E3C7" type="GBIF-Dataset">3039d03d-f59e-4e59-87de-3d923e8f5fff</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="95E0463BBAEE407DB8E9C57D52432434" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B16022A9771397F839BCF3209247EA0" type="Zenodo-Dep">7744408</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B07573A443FFC5B7A0FE04E5BFFB49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753001" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209457579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753001" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B07573A443FFC5B7A0FE04E5BFFB49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B07573A443FFC5B7A0FE04E5BFFB49" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA443FFC2B7A0FE04E15CFE79" box="[136,1369,410,437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A443FFC2B7A0FE04E15CFE79" blockId="11.[136,1369,410,437]" box="[136,1369,410,437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">
<heading id="D0EE7309A443FFC2B7A0FE04E15CFE79" box="[136,1369,410,437]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A443FFC2B7A0FE04E73CFE79" ID-CoL="58BV7" ID-ENA="1264900" authority="(J. H. Mill., Giddens &amp; A. A. Foster) Arx, Beih." authorityName="Arx, Beih." baseAuthorityName="J. H. Mill., Giddens &amp; A. A. Foster" box="[136,825,410,437]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B7A0FE04E56EFE79" bold="true" box="[136,363,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
(J.H. Mill., Giddens &amp; A.A. Foster) Arx,
</taxonomicName>
Beih. Nova 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB8E274A443FFC2B4EEFE04E0E4FE79" author="" box="[966,1249,410,436]" journal="Nova Hedwigia" page="288" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" score="202.82472018338322" volume="87" year="1987">Hedwigia 87: 288 (1987)</treatmentCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="1322D8E0A443FFC2B3C7FE04E155FE79" box="[1263,1360,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1998,2020]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,479,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-123@11.[255,1332,479,1978]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6 Trichoderma virens (HKAS 125765). a Colony on PDA for one month. b–d Close-up of colonies. e, f Undeveloped conidia and conidiogenous cells. g, h Mature conidia with conidiogenous cells. i Chlamydospores stained by congo red agents. j Conidia. Scale bars: g, h = μm; i = 20 μm; e, f = 15 μm; j = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744424/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">Figure 6</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA443FFC2B7A0FE5CE5EDFE1A" box="[136,488,450,472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A443FFC2B7A0FE5CE5EDFE1A" blockId="11.[136,488,450,472]" box="[136,488,450,472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">Index Fungorum number: IF 128198</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6694EDA443FFC2B7A0F850E67EF7E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744424/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" startId="11.[136,229,1998,2020]" targetBox="[255,1332,479,1978]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A443FFC2B7A0F850E67EF7E6" blockId="11.[136,1452,1997,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B7A0F850E685F82E" bold="true" box="[136,640,1997,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">
FIGURE 6 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A443FFC2B7D6F853E5C5F82E" box="[254,448,1997,2019]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B7D6F853E5C5F82E" bold="true" box="[254,448,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HKAS 125765). a
</emphasis>
Colony on PDA for one month. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B492F850E7E4F82E" bold="true" box="[954,993,1998,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">b–d</emphasis>
Close-up of colonies. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B392F850E0C0F82E" bold="true" box="[1210,1221,1998,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B3F9F850E0DCF829" bold="true" box="[1233,1241,1998,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">f</emphasis>
Undeveloped conidia and conidiogenous cells. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B655F86CE58CF7CA" bold="true" box="[381,393,2034,2055]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B6BEF86CE5A6F7CA" bold="true" box="[406,419,2034,2055]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">h</emphasis>
Mature conidia with conidiogenous cells. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B468F86CE742F7C5" bold="true" box="[832,839,2034,2056]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">i</emphasis>
Chlamydospores stained by congo red agents. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B238F86CE11DF7C5" bold="true" box="[1296,1304,2034,2056]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">j</emphasis>
Conidia. Scale bars: 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B795F788E4CCF7E6" bold="true" box="[189,201,2070,2091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B7FDF788E4E7F7E6" bold="true" box="[213,226,2070,2091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">h</emphasis>
= μm; 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B600F788E52AF7E1" bold="true" box="[296,303,2070,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">i</emphasis>
= 20 μm; 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B6BAF788E598F7E6" bold="true" box="[402,413,2070,2091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B681F788E5B4F7E1" bold="true" box="[425,433,2070,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">f</emphasis>
= 15 μm; 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A443FFC2B53DF788E618F7E1" bold="true" box="[533,541,2070,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="262">j</emphasis>
= 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA444FFC5B7A0FF00E191FE79" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A444FFC5B7A0FF00E191FE79" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">
Isolated from intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B4A1FF00E03EFF75" bold="true" box="[905,1083,158,184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Sexual morph:</emphasis>
Undetermined. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B3DBFF00E4EAFF11" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Asexual morph on PDA:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B7DEFF5CE5ABFF11" box="[246,430,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Aerial mycelium</emphasis>
abundant on PDA, fast-growing, forming cream-yellow to green sporulation with maturity, with a distinctive odour, sometimes producing a farinose to granular mat. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B4E5FF78E077FECD" box="[973,1138,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Conidiophores</emphasis>
20–30 μm high, irregularly branched in a dendriform structure. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B50BFE95E6F5FEE9" box="[547,752,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Vegetative hyphae</emphasis>
4–8 μm wide (x̅ = 6 μm, n = 30), branched, hyaline, smooth and thick-walled, septate, narrow and flexuous, terminal branched, often curved. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B307FEB0E110FE85" box="[1071,1301,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Conidiogenous cells</emphasis>
5.5–8 × 3–5 μm (x̅ = 6.5 × 4 μm, n = 20), occurring in lateral and terminal clusters, pyramidal. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B317FECCE09CFEA1" box="[1087,1177,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Conidia</emphasis>
4–6 × 3–4 μm (x̅ = 5 × 3.5 μm, n = 20), catenated, obovoid to globose, hyaline to olivaceous, delicately roughened, aseptate, smooth-walled. 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B7A0FE04E546FE79" box="[136,323,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Chlamydospores</emphasis>
8–11 × 7–9 μm (x̅ = 9.5 × 8.5 μm, n = 20), hyaline, thick-walled, globose to subglobose, terminal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA444FFC5B795FE20E605FD41" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A444FFC5B795FE20E0EEFDED" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B795FE20E5D2FE15" bold="true" box="[189,471,446,472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Culture characteristics:</emphasis>
Colonies growing on PDA reach 
<quantity id="4CE16980A444FFC5B46FFE20E7BBFE14" box="[839,958,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">70–80 mm</quantity>
in diameter after one week at 27 °C, forming the hyaline to olivaceous to green sporulation in PDA. Obverse: aerial, fluffy, hyaline mycelium, peripheral fertile, creamy green to dark green. Reverse olivaceous to pale brown. Without pigments produced in PDA.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A444FFC5B795FDB4E605FD41" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B795FDB4E5ABFD89" bold="true" box="[189,430,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Known substratum:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B69DFDB4E76AFD89" authority="(Hanada et al. 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Hanada" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[437,879,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B69DFDB4E67AFD89" box="[437,639,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
(Hanada 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B5C4FDB5E721FD89" box="[748,804,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2010)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B452FDB4E021FD89" box="[890,1060,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendula">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B452FDB4E021FD89" box="[890,1060,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Betula pendula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B360FDB5E4C9FDA5" authority="(Mulenko et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Mulenko" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B360FDB5E0F2FD89" box="[1096,1271,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
(Mulenko 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B25BFDB5E1A9FD89" box="[1395,1452,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2008)
</taxonomicName>
, Soil samples (
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B65CFDD0E5E6FDA5" author="Arx, J. A." box="[372,483,590,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref8153" refString="Arx, J. A. (1987) Plant pathogenic fungi. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 87: 1 - 288" type="journal article" year="1987">Arx 1987</bibRefCitation>
, Kindermann 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B5A9FDD1E6BCFDA5" box="[641,697,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
1998, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B42EFDD0E7ECFDA5" author="Chaverri, P. &amp; Samuels, G. J. &amp; Stewart, E. L." box="[774,1001,590,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="1113 - 1124" refId="ref8286" refString="Chaverri, P., Samuels, G. J. &amp; Stewart, E. L. (2001) Hypocrea virens sp. nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma virens. Mycologia 93: 1113 - 1124. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2001.12063245" type="journal article" year="2001">
Chaverri 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B447FDD1E7A2FDA5" box="[879,935,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
, Zeng 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B31CFDD1E069FDA5" box="[1076,1132,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2016), intestinal contents of dead bullfrog larvae (This study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA444FFC5B795FD08E0BAFD19" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A444FFC5B795FD08E0BAFD19" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B795FD08E5B0FD7D" bold="true" box="[189,437,662,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Known distribution:</emphasis>
Unites States (
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B54BFD08E74BFD7D" author="Chaverri, P. &amp; Samuels, G. J. &amp; Stewart, E. L." box="[611,846,662,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="1113 - 1124" refId="ref8286" refString="Chaverri, P., Samuels, G. J. &amp; Stewart, E. L. (2001) Hypocrea virens sp. nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma virens. Mycologia 93: 1113 - 1124. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2001.12063245" type="journal article" year="2001">
Chaverri 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B5F8FD09E70EFD7D" box="[720,779,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B472FD08E7CEFD7D" author="Arx, J. A." box="[858,971,662,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref8153" refString="Arx, J. A. (1987) Plant pathogenic fungi. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 87: 1 - 288" type="journal article" year="1987">Arx 1987</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F30E84F5A444FFC5B4C8FD09E07DFD7D" box="[992,1144,662,689]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(Kindermann 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B208FD09E15FFD7D" box="[1312,1370,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
1998), 
<collectingCountry id="F30E84F5A444FFC5B7A0FD24E4D3FD19" box="[136,214,698,724]" name="Poland" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Poland</collectingCountry>
(Mulenko 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B67AFD25E586FD19" box="[338,387,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al</emphasis>
. 2008), 
<collectingCountry id="F30E84F5A444FFC5B6C9FD24E620FD19" box="[481,549,698,724]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Hanada 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B5BAFD25E6CFFD19" box="[658,714,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2010), 
<collectingCountry id="F30E84F5A444FFC5B408FD24E766FD19" box="[800,867,698,724]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">China</collectingCountry>
(Zeng 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B49CFD25E7E9FD19" box="[948,1004,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2016, This study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA444FFC5B795FD40E558FC8C" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A444FFC5B795FD40E558FC8C" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B795FD40E5AFFD35" bold="true" box="[189,426,734,760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B71CE38A444FFC5B69BFD40E109FCD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4062243301" collectionCode="ER, HKAS" country="China" elevation="1857" latitude="25.512777" location="American" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="103.74305" municipality="Qujing Normal University" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" specimenCode="ER2, HKAS 125765" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingCountry id="F30E84F5A444FFC5B69BFD40E5FCFD35" box="[435,505,734,760]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49DD0A87A444FFC5B52CFD41E6CDFD35" box="[516,712,734,761]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC25E1FA444FFC5B5FDFD40E005FD35" box="[725,1024,734,760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Qujing Normal University</collectingMunicipality>
, intestinal contents of dead 
<location id="8EC692BEA444FFC5B215FD40E1AEFD35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B07573A443FFC5B7A0FE04E5BFFB49:8EC692BEA444FFC5B215FD40E1AEFD35" box="[1341,1451,734,760]" country="China" latitude="25.512777" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="103.74305" municipality="Qujing Normal University" name="American" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Yunnan">American</location>
bullfrog larvae, GPS: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DA2A2A444FFC5B6A9FC9CE612FCD0" box="[385,535,770,797]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" precision="15" seconds="35" value="103.74305">103°44’35”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DA2A2A444FFC5B50CFC9CE6B5FCD0" box="[548,688,770,797]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" precision="15" seconds="46" value="25.512777">25°30’46”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CE16980A444FFC5B594FC9CE72FFCD0" box="[700,810,770,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8565999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="1856.6">
<elevation id="00342356A444FFC5B594FC9CE72FFCD0" box="[700,810,770,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8565999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="1856.6">1856.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Wen-hua Lu, 
<specimenCode id="DBBF6C1EA444FFC5B4F8FC9CE007FCD1" box="[976,1026,770,796]" collectionCode="ER" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15275" name="Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" type="Herbarium">ER2</specimenCode>
(Herb. 
<specimenCode id="DBBF6C1EA444FFC5B373FC9CE100FCD0" box="[1115,1285,770,797]" collectionCode="HKAS" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/di2a-40jb" name="Cryptogamic Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">HKAS 125765</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B71CE38A444FFC5B23CFC9CE55CFC8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4062243303" collectionCode="KUNCC" country="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" specimenCode="KUNCC22-12508" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
living culture 
<specimenCode id="DBBF6C1EA444FFC5B7A0FCB8E55CFC8C" box="[136,345,806,833]" collectionCode="KUNCC" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">KUNCC22-12508</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30397EEA444FFC5B795FCD4E5BFFB49" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6C465A444FFC5B795FCD4E5BFFB49" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B795FCD4E50CFCA9" bold="true" box="[189,265,842,868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Notes:</emphasis>
Morphologically, our isolate KUNCC22-12508 well fits the concept of 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B34DFCD4E140FCA9" box="[1125,1349,842,868]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B34DFCD4E140FCA9" box="[1125,1349,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by fastforming typical green sporulation 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B52DFCF1E653FC45" box="[517,598,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">in vitro</emphasis>
, with obovoid, hyaline to olivaceous, slightly roughened conidia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B210FCF0E1A2FC45" author="Arx, J. A." box="[1336,1447,878,904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref8153" refString="Arx, J. A. (1987) Plant pathogenic fungi. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 87: 1 - 288" type="journal article" year="1987">Arx 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B7A0FC0CE56EFC61" author="Chaverri, P. &amp; Samuels, G. J. &amp; Stewart, E. L." box="[136,363,914,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="1113 - 1124" refId="ref8286" refString="Chaverri, P., Samuels, G. J. &amp; Stewart, E. L. (2001) Hypocrea virens sp. nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma virens. Mycologia 93: 1113 - 1124. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2001.12063245" type="journal article" year="2001">
Chaverri 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B7D9FC0DE52CFC61" box="[241,297,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, its chlamydospores were easily formed between the hyphae or formed terminally in the hyphae tip, similar results were also observed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF88B994A444FFC5B5F3FC28E7DBFC1D" author="Abd-Aziz, S. &amp; Fernandez, C. C. &amp; Salleh, M. M. &amp; Illias, R. M. &amp; Hassan, M." box="[731,990,950,976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref8026" refString="Abd-Aziz, S., Fernandez, C. C., Salleh, M. M., Illias, R. M. &amp; Hassan, M. (2008) Effect of agitation and aeration rates on chitinase production using Trichoderma virens UKM 1 in 2 - l stirred tank reactor. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 150: 193 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12010 - 008 - 8140 - 4" type="journal article" year="2008">
Abd-Aziz 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B478FC29E78CFC1D" box="[848,905,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
. Phylogenetically, KUNCC22-12508 has placed within 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B60DFC44E5FBFC39" box="[293,510,986,1012]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B60DFC44E5FBFC39" box="[293,510,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strains, and separated well with neighbor species 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B30FFC45E09AFC39" box="[1063,1183,987,1012]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B30FFC45E09AFC39" box="[1063,1183,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">T. crassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B3FBFC45E171FC39" box="[1235,1396,987,1012]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="neocrassum">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B3FBFC45E171FC39" box="[1235,1396,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">T. neocrassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with high statistical supports (100%ML/1 BYPP) (
<figureCitation id="1322D8E0A444FFC5B5A0FC60E6EFFBD5" box="[648,746,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1321,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,279,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-59@6.[151,1436,278,1293]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogram of Trichoderma virens and closely related species constructed based on combined ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Protocrea farinosa (CPK 3144) and P. illinoensis (TFC 96-98). The BI and ML bootstrap support values above 0.95 BYPP and 60 % are shown at the first and second positions above the nodes. The newly generated strain is in red." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744416/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Moreover, the BLASTn results of ITS, LSU, 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B3D5FC60E13AFBD5" box="[1277,1343,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">tef1-α</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B25EFC60E1AEFBD5" box="[1398,1451,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">rpb2</emphasis>
expect our isolate KUNCC22-12508 100% similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B5C4FBBCE7CDFBF1" box="[748,968,1058,1084]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B5C4FBBCE7CDFBF1" box="[748,968,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strains (LZ002, LZ012, Z051). Therefore, our isolate KUNCC22-12508 is identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C19BFE6A444FFC5B5ADFBD8E765FBAD" box="[645,864,1094,1120]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B96D1877A444FFC5B5ADFBD8E765FBAD" box="[645,864,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="263">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a new host record based on morphological features and phylogenetic evidence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>