treatments-xml/data/02/5F/45/025F4552FF979510FF31FBB3FEC3A2A3.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf4ff1aa-467d-41e2-a66a-141f5c442865" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248083" ID-ZooBank="1D536BCD-4D3B-42B0-98B9-48D8BC31ECE5" checkinTime="1460681022629" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wedmann, Sonja, Makarkin, Vladimir N., Weiterschan, Thomas &amp; Hörnschemeyer, Thomas" docDate="2013" docId="025F4552FF979510FF31FBB3FEC3A2A3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03716p258.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3716 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@412b93d0" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Berothidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="245" masterDocId="FE663D2AFF909519FFA6FF8FFFBFA356" masterDocTitle="First fossil larvae of Berothidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with notes on the biology and termitophily of the family" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="236" pageNumber="243" updateTime="1636695248482" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First fossil larvae of Berothidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with notes on the biology and termitophily of the family</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Weiterschan, Thomas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hörnschemeyer, Thomas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3716</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>236</mods:start>
<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bf4ff1aa-467d-41e2-a66a-141f5c442865</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">248083</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1D536BCD-4D3B-42B0-98B9-48D8BC31ECE5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677414" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119579570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:025F4552FF979510FF31FBB3FEC3A2A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/025F4552FF979510FF31FBB3FEC3A2A3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,475,1084,1143]" box="[151,475,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,475,1084,1110]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,475,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName box="[151,289,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
indet., larva C
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,475,1084,1143]" box="[151,255,1118,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<figureCitation box="[151,229,1118,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,249,863,885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,173,842]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Berothidae indet., larva C. Photograph of the larva, dorsal view. Scale bar is 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248089/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[241,255,1119,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,921,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,921,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Berothidae indet., larva C. A, photograph of the head, dorsal view. B, drawing of the head and thorax, dorsal view. C, labial palpus. D, right foreleg, ventral view. an, antenna; cs, coronal suture; cx, coxa; ds, prothoracic dorsal (pronotal) sclerites; em, empodium; fm, femur; fs, frontal suture; tb, tibia; tr, trochanter; ts, tarsus. Scale bars are 0.5 mm (B D to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,510,1190,1212]" box="[151,510,1190,1212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName box="[151,283,1190,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
: Janzen
<number box="[367,421,1190,1212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="2002.0">2002</number>
: Fig.
<number box="[478,506,1190,1212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="58.0">58</number>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="243" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1257,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,391,1257,1282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">Material examined.</emphasis>
Specimen No.
<number box="[584,646,1258,1282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="1270.0">1270</number>
-
<quantity box="[654,699,1257,1282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
the private collection of Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins (Hamburg,
<collectingCountry box="[279,388,1294,1318]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">Germany</collectingCountry>
); a third instar larva in a piece of Baltic amber (precise collecting locality is unknown), which itself is embedded in a block of artificial resin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1257,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1365,1390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">Description.</emphasis>
Larva about
<quantity box="[501,589,1365,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
long (including mouthparts), preserved slightly curved at its anterior and posterior end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1257,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
Head capsule
<quantity box="[364,468,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity box="[547,637,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
wide (length/width ratio
<number box="[937,975,1437,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="1.6">1.6</number>
). Stemmata not visible, but ocular area apparently present; two long setae (S
<number box="[581,597,1474,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="4.0">4</number>
, S
<number box="[627,642,1474,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="9.0">9</number>
) in this area clearly visible. Dorsally, ecdysial cleavage lines poorly preserved; consisting of frontal and coronal sutures. Two arms of frontal suture extending for approximately two thirds of head capsule length, convergent from inner margin of antennal tubercles until they touch; lateral sutures absent; coronal suture short. Ventral view of head mostly obscured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1257,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
Mandibles and maxillary blades forming mandibulomaxillary stilets, about
<quantity box="[1097,1190,1618,1642]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long; broad basally, gradually narrowing and pointed apically (but not very acute).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1257,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
Antennal sockets located on distinct projections (antennal tubercles). Right antenna seven-segmented,
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
long; left antenna six-segmented,
<quantity box="[591,694,1726,1750]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
long. Basal segments elongate and strongly conical, basally less than
<quantity box="[208,311,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
wide, and distally about
<quantity box="[603,705,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
wide. The other antennal segments rectangular, about
<quantity box="[1334,1436,1762,1786]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
wide. Length of segments from base to top:
<quantity box="[678,785,1797,1822]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[800,892,1798,1822]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[908,1015,1797,1822]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[1030,1137,1797,1822]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[1152,1259,1798,1822]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[1274,1379,1798,1822]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
(left antenna);
<quantity box="[263,366,1833,1858]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[378,481,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[493,596,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
,
<number box="[609,661,1834,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="0.03">0.03</number>
,
<quantity box="[673,776,1833,1858]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[788,891,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[903,1004,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
(right antenna). No annulation visible on surface of antennal segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1257,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
Right labial palpus visible in ventral view (
<figureCitation box="[691,760,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,921,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,921,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Berothidae indet., larva C. A, photograph of the head, dorsal view. B, drawing of the head and thorax, dorsal view. C, labial palpus. D, right foreleg, ventral view. an, antenna; cs, coronal suture; cx, coxa; ds, prothoracic dorsal (pronotal) sclerites; em, empodium; fm, femur; fs, frontal suture; tb, tibia; tr, trochanter; ts, tarsus. Scale bars are 0.5 mm (B D to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
Fig.
<number box="[745,760,1906,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
C), consisting of at least
<number box="[1043,1057,1905,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="6.0">6</number>
segments (additional, basal-most segment might be present). All segments (except for apical one) about
<quantity box="[959,1061,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
wide; apical segment about
<quantity metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
wide (basally). Length of segments of right labial palpus from base to top:
<quantity box="[1039,1141,1977,2002]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[1153,1255,1978,2002]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity box="[1266,1368,1978,2002]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
,
<number box="[1380,1432,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" value="0.08">0.08</number>
, mm,
<quantity box="[208,311,2014,2038]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
; apical segment pointed apically,
<quantity box="[689,789,2013,2038]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
long. No annulation visible on surface of palpomeres.
</paragraph>
<caption box="[151,1140,863,885]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248089/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" targetBox="[151,1436,176,841]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1140,863,885]" box="[151,1140,863,885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,863,885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[280,391,863,885]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
indet., larva C. Photograph of the larva, dorsal view. Scale bar is 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" targetBox="[151,1384,921,1752]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,1774,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1774,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName box="[280,391,1774,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
indet., larva C. A, photograph of the head, dorsal view. B, drawing of the head and thorax, dorsal view. C, labial palpus. D, right foreleg, ventral view. an, antenna; cs, coronal suture; cx, coxa; ds, prothoracic dorsal (pronotal) sclerites; em, empodium; fm, femur; fs, frontal suture; tb, tibia; tr, trochanter; ts, tarsus. Scale bars are 0.5 mm (BD to scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,1902,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">
Cervix probably strongly retracted into prothorax; in dorsal view visible only as lateral scale-like structure. Prothorax
<quantity box="[316,415,1938,1963]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
long,
<number box="[484,533,1938,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" value="0.52">0.52</number>
maximum width; with two large dorsal sclerites located anteriorly and in contact with each other along midline. Mesothorax and metathorax both approximately
<quantity box="[1070,1159,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity box="[1277,1365,1974,1999]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
wide, both with pair of small oval dorsal sclerites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">Legs short, robust; coxa very short; trochanter distinct, short; femur, tibia and tarsus relatively short, stout; pretarsus with two short claws, trumpet-shaped empodium.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">
Abdomen divided into
<number box="[469,497,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" value="10.0">10</number>
segments, terminal segments poorly visible. Segments
<number box="[1144,1216,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 4</number>
much shorter than wide, about
<quantity box="[289,425,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.30.4 mm</quantity>
long and about
<quantity box="[606,742,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.60.7 mm</quantity>
wide. Segments
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about
<quantity box="[1076,1162,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, and
<quantity box="[1281,1368,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
wide. Segment
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(and following two) gradually tapering towards end of abdomen (due to clouded preservation not measurable). Apex of abdomen obscured by cloudy, rounded vesicle, perhaps consisting of fluid leaking into resin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">Remarks.</emphasis>
Judged from its size, this larva is a third instar (the second instar larvae of
<taxonomicName box="[1174,1297,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
are inactive and exhibit morphologically reduced legs and mouthparts).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">
This larva was schematically figured earlier (Janzen
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: Fig.
<number box="[925,956,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" value="58.0">58</number>
); the author erroneously assigned it to the family
<taxonomicName box="[231,376,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>