185 lines
21 KiB
XML
185 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6342EFA655846E02E4F2E8B18B705A04">New generic synonyms amongst Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae listed from Europe and the Mediterranean area</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="14843D10CD9CAC9B8F9E2DB8E49C6001">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="76EE6504691BC077FF7AF8EEFE0F081E" box="[151,403,1800,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E4B368F691BC077FF7AF8EEFE0F081E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2037]" box="[151,403,1800,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="650381E3691BC077FF7AF8EEFE0F081E" bold="true" box="[151,403,1800,1827]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691BC077FF7AF8EEFE0F081E" ID-CoL="3CMD" authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,403,1800,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691BC077FF7AF8EEFE0F081E" bold="true" box="[151,403,1800,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691BC077FF7AF8EEFEA9081F" bold="true" box="[151,309,1800,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Brachythrips</emphasis>
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Reuter
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76EE6504691BC077FF7AF8C8FF68087A" box="[151,244,1838,1862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E4B368F691BC077FF7AF8C8FF68087A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2037]" box="[151,244,1838,1862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A6CF2A0A691BC077FF72F8C8FF77087A" box="[159,235,1838,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. European problem genera. Bebelothrips flavicinctus 8–10: (8) head; (9) tergites IX–X; (10) antenna. (11) Brachythrips flavicornis holotype. (12) Brachythrips dirghavadana head and pronotum. Euryaplothrips crassus 13–15: (13) head and pronotum; (14) prosternites; (15) antenna. (16) Haplothrips angusticornis meso & metanota – arrows indicate tegula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843078/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76EE6504691BC077FF7AF8ABFE4D0859" box="[151,465,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E4B368F691BC077FF7AF8ABFE4D0859" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2037]" box="[151,465,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1EE411A1691BC077FF7AF8ABFE4D0859" box="[151,465,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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<treatmentCitation id="BF55109E691BC077FF7AF8ABFE510859" author="Reuter, O. M." box="[151,461,1869,1893]" page="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691BC077FF7AF8ABFE510859" ID-CoL="3CMD" authority="Reuter, 1899: 28" authorityName="Reuter" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,461,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691BC077FF7AF8ABFE870859" box="[151,283,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Brachythrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691BC077FECFF8ABFE510859" author="Reuter, O. M." box="[290,461,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref3037" refString="Reuter, O. M. (1899) Thysanoptera Fennica. Acta Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 17 (2), 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1899">Reuter, 1899: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76EE6504691BC077FE3AF8ABFBAB0859" box="[471,1079,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="3E4B368F691BC077FE3AF8ABFBAB0859" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2037]" box="[471,1079,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1EE411A1691BC077FE3AF8ABFBAB0859" box="[471,1079,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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<typeStatus id="E14F882D691BC077FE3AF8ABFD950859" box="[471,521,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691BC077FDB2F8ABFC3D0858" ID-CoL="693N9" authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[607,929,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691BC077FDB2F8ABFCC90859" box="[607,853,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Brachythrips flavicornis</emphasis>
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Reuter
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76EE6504691BC076FF7AF897FDA70D63" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3E4B368F691BC076FF7AF897FB700E97" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">
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This genus was erected by
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<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691BC077FE42F897FDDF08B5" author="Reuter, O. M." box="[431,579,1905,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref3037" refString="Reuter, O. M. (1899) Thysanoptera Fennica. Acta Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 17 (2), 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1899">Reuter (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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for a single species that was known only from a single dry carded specimen found near Turku on the western coast of
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<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691BC077FDE5F873FDC10891" box="[520,605,1941,1965]" name="Finland" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Finland</collectingCountry>
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. Turku is the old capital of
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<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691BC077FC97F873FC570891" box="[890,971,1941,1965]" name="Finland" pageId="2" pageNumber="148">Finland</collectingCountry>
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and was a major shipping port in the 1800’s with trading connections across the Atlantic. No further specimens of this species have ever been found, despite several workers over many years being interested in the
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691BC077FD4FF83BFCAF08C9" box="[674,819,2013,2037]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
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of Scandinavia. There is thus no evidence that this thrips is a member of the European fauna, and the single specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FCD1FF71FC320F93" ID-CoL="693N9" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[828,942,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FCD1FF71FC320F93" box="[828,942,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">flavicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seems likely to have been imported on sailing ships, possibly from North America.
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<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691AC076FDCCFF5DFD5A0FE8" author="Priesner, H." box="[545,710,187,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" pagination="33 - 43" refId="ref2808" refString="Priesner, H. (1930) Die Thysanopteren-Typen O. M. Reuters. Deutsches entomologisches Zeitung, 1930, 33 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 193019300105" type="journal article" year="1930">Priesner (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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arranged for the carded specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FBBEFF5DFB590FEF" ID-CoL="693N9" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[1107,1221,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FBBEFF5DFB590FEF" box="[1107,1221,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">flavicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be slide mounted in
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<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FF5EFF39FE9F0FCB" box="[179,259,223,247]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Canada</collectingCountry>
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balsam so that he could redescribe it, and that slide was deposited in the Finnish Natural History Museum. In providing a new description of this specimen Priesner did not state anything about the number of antennal sense cones, but he also wrote that “man kann also sagen” that
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FD93FEC1FC1D0E03" ID-CoL="693N9" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[638,897,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FD93FEC1FC1D0E03" box="[638,897,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Brachythrips flavicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a species of
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FBCDFEC1FB1E0E03" ID-CoL="5F7D" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1056,1154,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FBCDFEC1FB1E0E03" box="[1056,1154,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Liothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The head of the specimen is short and
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FEF1FEADFE240E5F" box="[284,440,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Rhynchothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FEF1FEADFE240E5F" box="[284,440,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Rhynchothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like (
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<figureCitation id="A6CF2A0A691AC076FE14FEADFDDB0E58" box="[505,583,331,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. European problem genera. Bebelothrips flavicinctus 8–10: (8) head; (9) tergites IX–X; (10) antenna. (11) Brachythrips flavicornis holotype. (12) Brachythrips dirghavadana head and pronotum. Euryaplothrips crassus 13–15: (13) head and pronotum; (14) prosternites; (15) antenna. (16) Haplothrips angusticornis meso & metanota – arrows indicate tegula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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), as in
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FD75FEADFCA70E5F" ID-CoL="3V8F9" baseAuthorityName="Hood" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[664,827,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruni">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FD75FEADFCA70E5F" box="[664,827,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Liothrips pruni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from northeastern America and
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FB76FEADFAFD0E5F" ID-CoL="6QGT9" baseAuthorityName="Moulton" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1179,1377,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaviotae">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FB76FEADFAFD0E5F" box="[1179,1377,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Liothrips gaviotae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from California. There seems no reason to dispute Priesner’s tentative opinion, and
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FC23FE89FB3A0EBB" ID-CoL="3CMD" authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[974,1190,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FC23FE89FBC50EBB" box="[974,1113,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Brachythrips</emphasis>
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Reuter
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</taxonomicName>
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is therefore considered a
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF47FE72FED80E90" bold="true" box="[170,324,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">new synonym</emphasis>
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of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FE39FE75FDEE0E97" ID-CoL="5F7D" authority="Uzel" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[468,626,403,427]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FE39FE75FDAA0E97" box="[468,566,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Liothrips</emphasis>
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Uzel
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</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FD5FFE75FC700E90" ID-CoL="5PTYW" authority="(Reuter)" baseAuthorityName="Reuter" box="[690,1004,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FD5FFE75FC110E97" box="[690,909,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Liothrips flavicornis</emphasis>
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(Reuter)
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</taxonomicName>
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as a
|
||
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FBCEFE72FB790E97" bold="true" box="[1059,1253,403,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">new combination</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E4B368F691AC076FF2AFE51FDA70D63" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
|
||
The generic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FE1BFE51FC2C0EF3" authority="Ramakrishna" authorityName="Ramakrishna" authorityYear="1928" box="[502,944,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dirghavadana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FE1BFE51FC810EF3" box="[502,797,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Brachythrips dirghavadana</emphasis>
|
||
Ramakrishna
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FC02FE51FBB40EF3" box="[1007,1064,439,463]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the only other species listed under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FF12FE3DFE160ECF" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1899" box="[255,394,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Brachythrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF12FE3DFE160ECF" box="[255,394,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Brachythrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are not clear.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691AC076FDCBFE3DFC1B0EC8" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. & Sen, S." box="[550,903,475,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" refId="ref2311" refString="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. & Sen, S. (1980) Taxonomy of Indian Thysanoptera. Zoological Survey of India, Handbook Series, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 234 pp." type="book" year="1980">Ananthakrishnan and Sen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest in a key to genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FB2BFE3DFAF10ECF" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1222,1389,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that this species should be placed in a new but un-named genus. Certainly the elongate and curved maxillary stylets of the species are unusual (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A6CF2A0A691AC076FE99FDC5FE5F0D00" box="[372,451,547,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. European problem genera. Bebelothrips flavicinctus 8–10: (8) head; (9) tergites IX–X; (10) antenna. (11) Brachythrips flavicornis holotype. (12) Brachythrips dirghavadana head and pronotum. Euryaplothrips crassus 13–15: (13) head and pronotum; (14) prosternites; (15) antenna. (16) Haplothrips angusticornis meso & metanota – arrows indicate tegula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in the absence of further specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FC51FDC5FC6F0D07" box="[956,1011,547,571]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FC17FDC5FA000D07" authority="(Ramakrishna)" baseAuthorityName="Ramakrishna" box="[1018,1436,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dirghavadana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FC17FDC5FB6B0D07" box="[1018,1271,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Liothrips dirghavadana</emphasis>
|
||
(Ramakrishna)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FE9CFDAEFDAF0D63" bold="true" box="[369,563,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">new combination</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |