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<document id="A2D2F137DDD7ADC5F402943EA9DEB611" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0190385" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5771577" ID-PubMed="29342184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630726" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974617054" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alvarado-Sizzo, Hernán, Casas, Alejandro, Parra, Fabiola, Arreola-Nava, Hilda Julieta, Terrazas, Teresa &amp; Sánchez, Cristian" docDate="2018" docId="0398344DFFA1476CFDA29AE44256FA09" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.13.1.e0190385.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0190385) 13 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190385" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Stenocereus pruinosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFA14C35FFB3477EFFB798724144FFD3" masterDocTitle="Species delimitation in the Stenocereus griseus (Cactaceae) species complex reveals a new species, S. huastecorum" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1722020735757" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="96F13D16799C77E4198E9B7EEB55A145">Species delimitation in the Stenocereus griseus (Cactaceae) species complex reveals a new species, S. huastecorum</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E9EE25F5C7F17D0B3F64408E4C10311">Casas, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="56B33DABB45A4D508DDBCD1EA76FE738">Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="02B843072A4057B0CE959AD8AFFFA358">Parra, Fabiola</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="606569E235AA40EA1AB57FA3DC0F3D82">Centro De Investigación De Zonas Áridas (CIZA), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, La Molina, Lima, Perú,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2305846B81C31750A98D62BD588F3BB5">Arreola-Nava, Hilda Julieta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="365E03C04C7B0732A7BF71CD2396FF5B">Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="891A791FFE87A5560094984D0F46C1F8">Terrazas, Teresa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="916DF06E3A5CB1BC2C51EEA0E692D290">Instituto de Biología (IB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D489C823482ED1B8F8290AD1514DA7C">Sánchez, Cristian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="250176818CFBF2E285DA7BE33ACAA86D">Herbario de la Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0398344DFFA1476CFDA29AE44256FA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398344DFFA1476CFDA29AE44256FA09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398344DFFA1476CFDA29AE44256FA09" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph id="8B8E855BFFA1476CFDA29AE4455BFD61" blockId="18.[533,1055,662,690]" box="[533,1055,662,690]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0C63237FFA1476CFDA29AE4455BFD61" box="[533,1055,662,690]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDA29AE4455BFD61" bold="true" box="[533,1055,662,690]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFDA29AE44277FD61" ID-CoL="4ZWM6" authority="(Otto ex Pfeiff.) Buxb." box="[533,819,662,690]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDA29AE44277FD61" bold="true" box="[533,819,662,690]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stenocereus pruinosus</emphasis>
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in central
<collectingCountry id="F326C5CBFFA1476CFC099AE4455BFD61" box="[958,1055,662,690]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8E855BFFA1476CFDA29AB54466FCB9" blockId="18.[533,1536,711,1498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Genetic delimitation fully supports the statements by Parra et al. [
<bibRefCitation id="EFA0F8AAFFA1476CFB7C9AB545A0FD0C" author="Parra F &amp; Casas A &amp; Rocha V &amp; Gonzalez-Rodriguez A &amp; Arias-Montes S &amp; Rodriguez-Correa H" box="[1227,1252,711,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="893 - 912" refId="ref11006" refString="16. Parra F, Casas A, Rocha V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Arias-Montes S, Rodriguez-Correa H, et al. Spatial distribution of genetic variation of Stenocereus pruinosus (Otto) Buxb. in Mexico: analysing evidence on the origins of its domestication. Genet Resour Crop Evol. Springer; 2014; 62: 893 - 912." type="journal article" year="2014">16</bibRefCitation>
] about population clusters in northern
<collectingCountry id="F326C5CBFFA1476CFD209A9843A2FCD1" box="[663,742,746,770]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(the Huasteca group) and the
<collectingCounty id="62EFFDD7FFA1476CFB9F9A984424FCD1" box="[1064,1376,746,770]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eastern Tehuantepec Isthmus</collectingCounty>
(the
<collectingRegion id="49F54BB9FFA1476CFA219A9844AFFCD1" box="[1430,1515,746,770]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
group) as species different to
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFCFB9B7E428DFCF7" box="[844,969,780,804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCFB9B7E421CFCF0" box="[844,856,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCD39B7F428DFCF7" box="[868,969,781,804]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, our study confirmed that the latter has a north-south substructure (green shades clusters in the Geneland column in
<figureCitation id="130A99DEFFA1476CFA829B5D442EFC94" box="[1333,1386,815,839]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[101,129,1341,1360]" captionTargetBox="[105,1531,211,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[101,1535,208,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Kriging interpolation of individual Q-matrix by each clustering method. The first three maps columns (left to right) depict the interpolated assignment probability for each method (labeled in the heading) and K is the number of groups detected by each. Groups containing the same populations across methods (EGGs) are placed alongside and keep the same color hue, whereas the color gradient saturation represents higher probability:red = S. griseus-Mexico (here designated S. huastecorum); green = S. pruinosus and its subgroups (green shades in Geneland maps); blue = S. laevigatus and its subgroups (blue shades in Geneland maps), and dark gray = S. griseus. White bullets represent populations. EGGs populations are represented at the rightmost column by bullets which follow the color code before described. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190385.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630730/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 2</figureCitation>
) which corresponds to the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEA1F21FFA1476CFD1E9B23428EFCB9" box="[681,970,849,874]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley</collectingMunicipality>
and the
<collectingRegion id="49F54BB9FFA1476CFB929B204537FCB9" box="[1061,1139,850,874]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EEED380FFA1476CFBCE9B20445AFCB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398344DFFA1476CFDA29AE44256FA09:8EEED380FFA1476CFBCE9B20445AFCB9" box="[1145,1310,850,874]" country="Mexico" county="eastern Tehuantepec Isthmus" municipality="Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley" name="Central Valleys" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Chiapas">Central Valleys</location>
.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFD829B0643F6FC5F" box="[565,690,884,908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFD829B064305FC58" box="[565,577,884,907]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDFA9B0743F6FC5F" box="[589,690,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFCC29B064556FC5F" authorityName="Alvarado-Sizzo &amp; Casas &amp; Parra &amp; Arreola-Nava &amp; Terrazas &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2018" box="[885,1042,884,908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huastecorum">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCC29B0642C5FC58" box="[885,897,884,907]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC3A9B064556FC5F" box="[909,1042,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">huastecorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a genetic barrier, consistent with the
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, and is separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFCE19BE54291FC7C" box="[854,981,919,943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCE19BE54226FC7D" box="[854,866,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCD99BE54291FC7C" box="[878,981,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">laevigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a second barrier represented by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a well-known biogeographic barrier (
<figureCitation id="130A99DEFFA1476CFB829BC8452DFC01" box="[1077,1129,954,978]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[533,561,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[537,1417,212,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[533,1420,208,1808]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Genetic clustering summary. Color gradients represent BC belonging probability starting from the 75% threshold value, purple bars with green types bootstrap values are the three genetic barriers detected by Barrier, at the left the UPGMA dendrogram following the color code used in the BC. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190385.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630732/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 3</figureCitation>
). We did not observe genetic evidence of populations or individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFCDE9BAE42A2FC27" box="[873,998,988,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCDE9BAE4231FC20" box="[873,885,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC369BAF42A2FC27" box="[897,998,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in northern
<collectingCountry id="F326C5CBFFA1476CFB6B9BAE446AFC27" box="[1244,1326,988,1012]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Therefore, we do not consider a sympatric scenario between
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFC699B8D451FFBC5" box="[990,1115,1023,1047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC699B8D42AEFBC5" box="[990,1002,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC419B8D451FFBC5" box="[1014,1115,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFB279B8D4469FBC4" authorityName="Alvarado-Sizzo &amp; Casas &amp; Parra &amp; Arreola-Nava &amp; Terrazas &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2018" box="[1168,1325,1023,1047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huastecorum">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFB279B8D45D8FBC5" box="[1168,1180,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFB1F9B8D4469FBC4" box="[1192,1325,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">huastecorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern
<collectingCountry id="F326C5CBFFA1476CFDA29C504323FBE9" box="[533,615,1058,1082]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, but rather a long record of misidentified specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E855BFFA1476CFD829C36448CFAA1" blockId="18.[533,1536,711,1498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Ecological evidence also provides clear distinction of
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFBDF9C3645A1FB8F" box="[1128,1253,1092,1116]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFBDF9C364530FB88" box="[1128,1140,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFB379C3745A1FB8F" box="[1152,1253,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ENMs from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFA7D9C3643DEFBAC" authorityName="Alvarado-Sizzo &amp; Casas &amp; Parra &amp; Arreola-Nava &amp; Terrazas &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huastecorum">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFA7D9C364492FB88" box="[1482,1494,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDA29C1543DEFBAC" box="[533,666,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">huastecorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFD679C15420BFBAC" box="[720,847,1127,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFD679C154398FBAD" box="[720,732,1127,1150]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFD5F9C15420BFBAC" box="[744,847,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">laevigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given that their comparisons (
<figureCitation id="130A99DEFFA1476CFB249C15458CFBAC" box="[1171,1224,1127,1151]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="9.[284,312,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[284,1536,208,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 5. Niche suitability pairwise comparisons based on t-tests. Different letters represent levels of significant differences. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190385.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630736/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6B3B0E0FFA1476CFB649C154466FBAC" box="[1235,1314,1127,1151]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[96,146,208,227]" captionTargetId="graphics-450@10.[96,1536,235,570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Pairwise comparisons of Ecological niche principal components and two-ways background tests." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 2</tableCitation>
) suggest that these species have different ecological niches. Even though areolar morphology can easily distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFDE29CDE4395FB17" box="[597,721,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDE29CDE4325FB10" box="[597,609,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDDB9CDF4395FB17" box="[620,721,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFCA49CDE42F4FB17" authorityName="Alvarado-Sizzo &amp; Casas &amp; Parra &amp; Arreola-Nava &amp; Terrazas &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2018" box="[787,944,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huastecorum">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFCA49CDE425BFB10" box="[787,799,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC9C9CDE42F4FB17" box="[811,944,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">huastecorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(every variable measured in
<figureCitation id="130A99DEFFA1476CFB559CDE4452FB17" box="[1250,1302,1196,1220]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="11.[106,134,1717,1736]" captionTargetBox="[106,1533,208,1695]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 6. Areolar morphometrics t-tests. (A-D) areolar features lengths comparisons, (E-F) spines counts comparisons. Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190385.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630738/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 6</figureCitation>
) only spine numbers (
<figureCitation id="130A99DEFFA1476CFDA99CBD43F5FB34" box="[542,689,1231,1255]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="11.[106,134,1717,1736]" captionTargetBox="[106,1533,208,1695]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 6. Areolar morphometrics t-tests. (A-D) areolar features lengths comparisons, (E-F) spines counts comparisons. Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190385.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630738/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 6E and 6F</figureCitation>
) were able to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFC779CBD4579FB35" box="[960,1085,1231,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC779CBD4288FB35" box="[960,972,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC6F9CBD4579FB35" box="[984,1085,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFBC99CBD45B9FB34" box="[1150,1277,1231,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFBC99CBD45CEFB35" box="[1150,1162,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFB219CBD45B9FB34" box="[1174,1277,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">laevigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Areolar characters, however, may be confusing if developmental features are not taken into account because areolas may lose spines because of flowering events and branch age, or it may be simply deciduous as in central-left and right spines of
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFC279D45454BFA9C" box="[912,1039,1335,1359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC279D4542D8FA9D" box="[912,924,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC1F9D45454BFA9C" box="[936,1039,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">laevigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Poor morphological differentiation is clearly related to the fact that this species pair shows the least interspecific genetic distance (Nei’s
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E855BFFA1476CFDA29D0F4256FA09" blockId="18.[533,1536,711,1498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFDA29D0F436CFA47" box="[533,552,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
=
<materialsCitation id="3B598F06FFA1476CFDF49D0E424AFA09" location="Central Valleys" municipality="Isthmus of Tehuantepec" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
0.156). This suggests a recent divergence event, which involves the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEA1F21FFA1476CFAB29D0E437DFA64" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Isthmus of Tehuantepec</collectingMunicipality>
constraining the distributional range of
<taxonomicName id="4C31FED8FFA1476CFC519DED4520FA65" box="[998,1124,1439,1463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Stenocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
S.
<emphasis id="B9455949FFA1476CFC489DED4520FA65" box="[1023,1124,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán and
<collectingRegion id="49F54BB9FFA1476CFDA29DB04327FA09" box="[533,611,1474,1498]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EEED380FFA1476CFDDD9DB0424AFA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398344DFFA1476CFDA29AE44256FA09:8EEED380FFA1476CFDDD9DB0424AFA09" box="[618,782,1474,1498]" municipality="Isthmus of Tehuantepec" name="Central Valleys" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Central Valleys</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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