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<document id="FACEEEC2A22FB1D232C01BF3D93A83D0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3941.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="18eee934-ff31-4f31-8dcb-e771013673aa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253825" ID-ZooBank="9FC33747-4C50-4D56-81D1-69B9930698B7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461025664839" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di &amp; Rosso, Antonietta" docDate="2015" docId="D379EF57FF81FFFEFAB5FB14FF58305A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03941p283.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3941 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler 1928, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="280" masterDocId="2F40972FFF90FFEDFA22FFFCFF8A313F" masterDocTitle="Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="278" updateTime="1698572040514" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="39C95C7E00C9A87983FA77AFDED22C4F">Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="525371DF4F977A47B335B02F79E52623">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="322A7A3BD54AFA9539719036AEF68670">Rosso, Antonietta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="88387DC3C5A9A0BEF6ED7F785195144F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E2F8973CAD1A230A6F4BBAB168AABA74">3941</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D379EF57FF81FFFEFAB5FB14FF58305A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6101483" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119606370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6101483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D379EF57FF81FFFEFAB5FB14FF58305A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D379EF57FF81FFFEFAB5FB14FF58305A" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<subSubSection id="13CA0DCAFF81FFFCFAB5FB14FE03341C" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF81FFFCFAB5FB14FCD5343D" blockId="17.[151,863,1256,1315]" box="[151,863,1256,1282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<heading id="0027E92DFF81FFFCFAB5FB14FCD5343D" bold="true" box="[151,863,1256,1282]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" reason="1">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF81FFFCFAB5FB14FCD5343D" bold="true" box="[151,863,1256,1282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicName id="9CD025C2FF81FFFCFAB5FB14FD67343D" ID-CoL="4Z5FX" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,749,1256,1282]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Spiniflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF81FFFCFAB5FB14FE4F343D" bold="true" box="[151,453,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Spiniflabellum spinosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F4123B0FF81FFFCFBF6FB14FD6E343D" author="Canu" box="[468,740,1256,1282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72973F28FF81FFFCF8D6FB14FCD5343D" box="[756,863,1256,1282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF81FFFCFAB5FAF6FE03341C" blockId="17.[151,863,1256,1315]" box="[151,393,1290,1315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
(
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCFABDFAF6FEAB341C" box="[159,289,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Figs 41–44</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="16526BFAFF81FFFCFB0EFAF6FE0A341C" box="[300,384,1290,1315]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1323,202,390]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 9. Measurements (in Μm) of Spiniflabellum spinosum (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0FAF0EC9FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FA133190" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" tableUuid="0FAF0EC9FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FA133190">Table 9</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13CA0DCAFF81FFFCFAB5FAAEFCA13457" box="[151,811,1362,1384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF81FFFCFAB5FAAEFCA13457" blockId="17.[151,811,1362,1384]" box="[151,811,1362,1384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7BC0796FFF81FFFCFAB5FAAEFCA13457" box="[151,811,1362,1384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicName id="9CD025C2FF81FFFCFAB5FAAEFDFD3457" ID-CoL="3FTVJ" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler 1928: 29" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,631,1362,1384]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Gephyrotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF81FFFCFAB5FAAEFEFB3457" box="[151,369,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Gephyrotes spinosum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DA717850FF81FFFCFB55FAAEFDFD3457" author="Canu" box="[375,631,1362,1384]" page="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="3F4123B0FF81FFFCFB55FAAEFDD93457" author="Canu" box="[375,595,1362,1384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–30, pl. 4, fig. 11.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13CA0DCAFF81FFFCFAB5FA69FBE73491" box="[151,1133,1429,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF81FFFCFAB5FA69FBE73491" blockId="17.[151,1437,1429,2030]" box="[151,1133,1429,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF81FFFCFAB5FA69FE083491" bold="true" box="[151,386,1429,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Material examined:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="69A48253FF81FFFCFBABFA69FE733491" box="[393,505,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<typeStatus id="846BE0E3FF81FFFCFBABFA69FE793491" box="[393,499,1429,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3DC1C684FF81FFFCF822FA6AFDDB3491" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[512,593,1430,1454]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">USNM</collectionCode>
7508, encrusting stones, Recent, north of
<collectingCountry id="23C71ED1FF81FFFCFE08FA69FBE33491" box="[1066,1129,1429,1454]" name="Cuba" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Cuba</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13CA0DCAFF81FFFFFAE5FA45FC653082" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF81FFFCFAE5FA45FBEC36D1" blockId="17.[151,1437,1429,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF81FFFCFAE5FA45FED134ED" bold="true" box="[199,347,1465,1490]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Description:</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCF96BFA45FC1634ED" box="[841,924,1465,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed. Pore-chamber windows visible along zooidal margins at colony growing edge (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCFE0BFA21FB3A34C9" box="[1065,1200,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Figs 42, 44</figureCitation>
), at least four in the distal and four in the lateral walls, oval to subcircular (L = 25–33 µm; W = 40–55 µm), surrounded by a thin rim of calcification. Autozooids distinct with deep interzooidal furrows, elliptical (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCF9CAF9D9FBB13701" box="[1000,1083,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
), longer than broad (mean L/W = 1.54), quincuncially arranged. Frontal shield slightly convex, formed by 16–18 narrow (25–35 µm) pinnate costae, each separated by 8 elliptical, very minute (averaging 10 µm in length) intercostal pores. Costae converging and fused at zooidal midline; on each costa, three prominent, tubular pelmatidia, 30–45 µm long, 15–20 µm in diameter and slightly flared at the tip, conferring a characteristic thorny aspect to the frontal shield (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCFF28F949FA1A37F1" box="[1290,1424,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Figs 42, 44</figureCitation>
). Distalmost pair of costae broader (47–52 µm), smooth, bifurcating, the anterior bifurcations converging across orifice, forming a wide arch and bat-shaped pseudospiramen, obscuring the primary orifice from frontal view (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCFF4DF901FF3D3605" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
); the arch bears 5 hollow pelmatidial spines, adjacent pairs sometimes coalescent; two additional hollow spines from the proximal margin of the costa projecting into the pseudospiramen. Primary orifice semicircular (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCFF1DF8B9FF3C36BD" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Figs 42, 44</figureCitation>
), broader than long (
<date id="2F6E7881FF81FFFCFBBFF896FE4536BE" box="[413,463,1898,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" value="1980-10">80 x</date>
133 µm), with concave proximal margin. Two or three platy elements each terminating in 2 to 4, coalescent, hollow spines, forming a flabellate structure overarching the orifice. Adventitious avicularia small (50–55 µm), pedunculate, paired, on distolateral corners of bifurcated costae; rostrum acutely triangular, distolaterally directed, pivot bar absent (
<figureCitation id="C3EB42C4FF81FFFCF878F829FD2536D1" box="[602,687,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,495,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM 7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42 – 44, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Ooecia and kenozooids not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0FAF0EC9FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FA133190" ID-Table-UUID="0FAF0EC9FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FA133190" box="[151,1433,152,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0FAF0EC9FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FA133190" pageId="18" pageNumber="279" targetBox="[159,1323,202,390]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FA133190" blockId="18.[151,1433,152,175]" box="[151,1433,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFAB5FF64FE803190" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
Measurements (in Μm) of
<taxonomicName id="9CD025C2FF82FFFFF804FF64FBBA3190" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[550,1072,152,175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Spiniflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="279" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFF804FF64FCA73190" box="[550,813,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Spiniflabellum spinosum</emphasis>
(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72973F28FF82FFFFFE14FF64FB123190" box="[1078,1176,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFE14FF64FB123190" bold="true" box="[1078,1176,152,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, USNM7508.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF82FFFFFBFDFF37FA9830B9" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<table id="29D0ACE1FF820012FABDFF36FAA130B9" box="[159,1323,202,390]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<tr id="E5E05C03FF820012FABDFF36FAA131DF" box="[159,1323,202,224]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="279" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="A631357FFF820012FBFDFF36FD2631DF" box="[479,684,202,224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">N (colonies, zooids)</th>
<th id="A631357FFF820012F912FF36FCE031DF" box="[816,874,202,224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Mean</th>
<th id="A631357FFF820012FE23FF36FBAB31DF" box="[1025,1057,202,224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">SD</th>
<th id="A631357FFF820012FEF0FF36FAA131DF" box="[1234,1323,202,224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Range</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E5E05C03FF820012FABDFF08FAA13035" box="[159,1323,244,266]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<th id="A631357FFF820012FABDFF08FEC73035" box="[159,333,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Zooid length</th>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FBFDFF08FD263035" box="[479,684,244,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">1, 10</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012F912FF08FCE03035" box="[816,874,244,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">500</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FE23FF08FBAB3035" box="[1025,1057,244,266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">49</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FEF0FF08FAA13035" box="[1234,1323,244,266]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">451–577</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E5E05C03FF820012FABDFEE1FAA1300C" box="[159,1323,285,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<th id="A631357FFF820012FABDFEE1FEC7300C" box="[159,333,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Zooid width</th>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FBFDFEE1FD26300C" box="[479,684,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">1, 10</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012F912FEE1FCE0300C" box="[816,874,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">324</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FE23FEE1FBAB300C" box="[1025,1057,285,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">18</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FEF0FEE1FAA1300C" box="[1234,1323,285,307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">299–353</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E5E05C03FF820012FABDFEBAFAA13063" box="[159,1323,326,348]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<th id="A631357FFF820012FABDFEBAFEC73063" box="[159,333,326,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Avicularia length</th>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FBFDFEBAFD263063" box="[479,684,326,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">1, 8</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012F912FEBAFCE03063" box="[816,874,326,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">54</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FE23FEBAFBAB3063" box="[1025,1057,326,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">4</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FEF0FEBAFAA13063" box="[1234,1323,326,348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">50–63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E5E05C03FF820012FABDFE8CFAA130B9" box="[159,1323,368,390]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<th id="A631357FFF820012FABDFE8CFEC730B9" box="[159,333,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Avicularia width</th>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FBFDFE8CFD2630B9" box="[479,684,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">1,8</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012F912FE8CFCE030B9" box="[816,874,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">33</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FE23FE8CFBAB30B9" box="[1025,1057,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">4</td>
<td id="A631357FFF820012FEF0FE8CFAA130B9" box="[1234,1323,368,390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">28–37</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF82FFFFFAB5FE5AFC653082" blockId="18.[151,1007,422,445]" box="[151,1007,422,445]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">N, Number of colonies and number of zooids measured; SD, standard deviation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0FAF0EC9FF82FFFFFAB5F941FD6E3652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253836/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="279" targetBox="[151,1436,495,1703]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF82FFFFFAB5F941FD6E3652" blockId="18.[151,1436,1725,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFAB5F941FED937EC" bold="true" box="[151,339,1725,1748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">FIGURES 41–44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CD025C2FF82FFFFFB7BF941FCC137EC" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[345,843,1725,1748]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Spiniflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="279" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFB7BF941FDD937EB" box="[345,595,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Spiniflabellum spinosum</emphasis>
Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72973F28FF82FFFFF91EF942FCC137EC" box="[828,843,1726,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFF91EF942FCC137EC" bold="true" box="[828,843,1726,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">n</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFF969F942FC1237EC" bold="true" box="[843,920,1726,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">. comb.</emphasis>
, holotype, USNM7508, Recent, north of Cuba:
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFF5EF942FA1637EC" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1726,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">41,</emphasis>
general aspect of the colony;
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFBE1F920FE6837CE" bold="true" box="[451,482,1756,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">42,</emphasis>
zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures;
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFF1BF920FAD237CE" bold="true" box="[1337,1368,1756,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">43,</emphasis>
closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen;
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFEB3F8E5FB3B3611" bold="true" box="[1169,1201,1817,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">44,</emphasis>
peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42–44, 200 Μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="13CA0DCAFF82FFFEFAE5F865FE8E3022" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="18" pageNumber="279" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF82FFFEFAE5F865FE8E3022" blockId="18.[151,1436,1945,2006]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF82FFFFFAE5F865FEB1368D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1945,1970]" pageId="18" pageNumber="279">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is characterized by the simultaneous presence of a broad, robust pair of bifurcations of the distalmost costae, pedunculate adventitious avicularia associated with the orifice, a flabellate distal palisade of coalescent hollow spines, and tubular pelmatidia conferring to the frontal shield its spinose aspect. Canu &amp; Bassler's (1928) original description reported the absence of ooecia. This statement has been confirmed by new SEM images. Hence, either the ooecia have not yet been found or
<taxonomicName id="9CD025C2FF83FFFEF990FF1CFBB731C7" box="[946,1085,224,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Spiniflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="280" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF83FFFEF990FF1CFBB731C7" box="[946,1085,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="280">S. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks ooecia and has internal brooding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13CA0DCAFF83FFFEFAE5FEDBFF58305A" pageId="19" pageNumber="280" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5B6F5E41FF83FFFEFAE5FEDBFF58305A" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="69A48253FF83FFFEFAE5FEDBFEEA307F" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="280">Distribution.</emphasis>
Recent, north
<collectingCountry id="23C71ED1FF83FFFEF82AFEDBFDC9307F" box="[520,579,295,320]" name="Cuba" pageId="19" pageNumber="280">Cuba</collectingCountry>
and Straits of Florida, at a depth of
<quantity id="9C28F3A4FF83FFFEF9FDFEDBFBD53000" box="[991,1119,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMax="2.62" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="19" pageNumber="280" unit="m" value="182.0" valueMax="262.0" valueMin="102.0">102–262 m</quantity>
from a grey coral and coral sand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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