354 lines
41 KiB
XML
354 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="C9E9C1268AE3FD91A11B90BED4D6B62D" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano & Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFFEDFFA59CD60FD1D58DFC8A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eudendrium glomeratum Picard 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C42BA6A7614E612DF37D9389A4067A2F">
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<mods:title id="9A389D66B9BE76C3D80D02689EF3AF5F">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B83C6FC578E808D495F4F03B3C6B3786" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EE1DF36B8CADE97F15939B18B151E506">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA70C70C512DADA10FAEE56566E91ADA">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBDA43100275513E83B2631D070E2516">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="284908B0EFDDB625F750BCBA64A6B166">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8C50BF40AED88281966E4CB5B2109874">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA44E94EEBFEA867C3FC26439F14FC06">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1CC606B3F020BC6A7C86FD854EF04C03">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C4B5CF91D03DE532EE0FD0E034064D9C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="79DCB5E4403EA23DB3DF4C0EF114446C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EAE46298635A524E7B449F644F1B33CC">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFEDFFA59CD60FD1D58DFC8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106970" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFEDFFA59CD60FD1D58DFC8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFEDFFA59CD60FD1D58DFC8A" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFEDFFA29CD60FD1D5B2FECE" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29CD60FD1D557FF64" blockId="27.[151,622,152,211]" box="[151,622,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFEDFFA29CD60FD1D557FF64" bold="true" box="[151,622,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFEDFFA29CD60FD1D557FF64" ID-CoL="3BZJL" authority="Picard, 1951" authorityName="Picard" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,622,152,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomeratum">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29CD60FD1D557FF64" bold="true" box="[151,622,152,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29CD60FD1D6F3FF64" bold="true" box="[151,458,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eudendrium glomeratum</emphasis>
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Picard, 1951
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29CD60FF3D62EFF05" blockId="27.[151,622,152,211]" box="[151,279,186,211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFEDFFA29CD60FF3D7DAFF05" box="[151,227,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1262,1284]" captionTargetBox="[463,1123,339,1232]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[457,1130,333,1241]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 17. Eudendrium glomeratum: A, typical colony; B, hydranth with characteristic nematocyst buttons; C, male blastostyle; D, female blastostyle; E, particular of a female gonophore (C, D, E same scale bar); F, nematocysts: intact macrobasic euryteles (drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 2.0 cm; B, 0.5 mm; C, D, E, 0.2 mm; F, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242746/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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A–F
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29CD60E4BD5B2FECE" blockId="27.[151,651,258,280]" box="[151,651,258,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA29C830E4BD644FECE" author="Schuchert" box="[194,381,258,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
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for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF2E6640FFEDFFA29CD60BA7D235FA94" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242746/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[463,1123,339,1232]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29CD60BA7D235FA94" blockId="27.[151,1436,1262,1346]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29CD60BA7D61CFAD5" bold="true" box="[151,293,1262,1284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFEDFFA29D700BA7D50DFAD2" box="[305,564,1262,1284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomeratum">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29D700BA7D50DFAD2" box="[305,564,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eudendrium glomeratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29E060BA7D560FAD5" bold="true" box="[583,601,1262,1283]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
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, typical colony;
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29F550BA6D41CFAD2" bold="true" box="[788,805,1263,1284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
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, hydranth with characteristic nematocyst buttons;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA299070BA7D261FAD2" bold="true" box="[1350,1368,1262,1284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
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, male blastostyle;
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29D540A44D61EFAF4" bold="true" box="[277,295,1293,1314]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D</emphasis>
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||
, female blastostyle;
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29E460A44D521FAF4" bold="true" box="[519,536,1293,1314]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
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||
, particular of a female gonophore (C, D, E same scale bar);
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA298F40A44D3FBFAF4" bold="true" box="[1205,1218,1293,1314]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">F</emphasis>
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, nematocysts: intact macrobasic euryteles (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 2.0 cm; B, 0.5 mm; C, D, E, 0.2 mm; F, 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFEDFFA29CD60A20D649FA70" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29CD60A20D649FA70" blockId="27.[151,1437,1385,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29CD60A20D6BBFA54" bold="true" box="[151,386,1385,1410]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 20 and HCUS-S 0 21 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFEDFFA59C860AF8D4D0FE23" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29C860AF8D7D9FA38" blockId="27.[151,1437,1385,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29C860AF8D66BFA1C" bold="true" box="[199,338,1457,1482]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA29E920AF8D48CFA1F" author="Marinopoulos" box="[723,949,1457,1482]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Marinopoulos, J. (1992) Contribution a l'etude du genre Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) de la Mediterranee: taxonomie et phylogenie. In: Bellan, D. (Ed.), Speciation et biogeographie en mer Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, N ° Special 9, pp. 53 - 66." type="journal article" year="1992">Marinopoulos 1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA29F800AFBD38EFA1C" author="Marques" box="[961,1207,1457,1482]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Marques, A. C., Cantero, A. L. P. & Vervoort, W. (2000 a) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 252 (2), 197 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0952836900009936" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
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Marques
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA2986A0AFBD35CFA1C" box="[1067,1125,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
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2000a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA298FA0AF8D3F3FA1C" author="Marques" box="[1211,1226,1457,1482]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Marques, A. C., Mergner, H., Hoinghaus, R., Santos, C. M. D. & Vervoort, W. (2000 b) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 74 (5), 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA298960AF8D2AEFA1C" author="Schuchert" box="[1239,1431,1457,1482]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA29CD60A9FD7ECFA38" author="Schuchert" box="[151,213,1494,1518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) Athecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, i - viii, 364 pp." type="book" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29C860AB0D5A5F8D8" blockId="27.[151,1437,1385,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29C860AB0D60AF9C4" bold="true" box="[199,307,1529,1554]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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||
Hydrorhiza rhizocaulomic; colonies erect, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFEDFFA29F300AB0D483F9C7" box="[881,954,1529,1553]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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||
high; hydrocauli polysiphonic, branched, with thick perisarc in older parts, becoming thin in younger regions; hydranths urn-shaped, with a ring composed of several nematocyst buttons (4–10) that sometimes coalesce into an irregular band, some buttons also scattered on hydranth body; hypostome flared; 15–28 filiform tentacles in one whorl. Gonophores as fixed sporosacs; females developed on reduced hydranth (4–6 gonophores per blastostyle) with unbranched spadix; males provided with 1–2 chambers; mature blastostyle with either a normal number of tentacles or a reduced number partly atrophied tentacles, with or without terminal buttons. Colours: perisarc brown in older parts, becoming yellowish to transparent in younger regions; hydranths red.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA29C860850D6C7F848" blockId="27.[151,1437,1385,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29C860850D602F8E4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1817,1842]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cnidome.</emphasis>
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||
Holotrichous macrobasic euryteles (
|
||
<date id="FFEF1008FFEDFFA29E980850D45AF8E7" box="[729,867,1817,1841]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1924-10-10" valueMax="1924-10-28" valueMin="1924-10-10">24x10 to 28</date>
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||
x11 µm), butt long (4 times length of capsule) and spirally coiled around the big axis of the cnidocyst; these cnidocysts are concentrated in several groups characteristically conspicuous at the basal half of the polyp; also heterotrichous microbasic euryteles (
|
||
<date id="FFEF1008FFEDFFA2994F0828D213F8AC" box="[1294,1322,1889,1914]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">6x</date>
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||
2.5 to
|
||
<date id="FFEF1008FFEDFFA299330828D2B4F8AF" box="[1394,1421,1889,1913]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">9x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFEDFFA299CF0828D7FDF848" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
) on tentacles and ectoderm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEDFFA59C8608E0D5C3FECA" blockId="27.[151,1437,1385,2022]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29C8608E0D537F814" bold="true" box="[199,526,1961,1986]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFEDFFA29D6B08E0D664F814" box="[298,349,1961,1986]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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and substrate.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
It occurs on various solid substrata (rocky walls, caves, hard substrates, detritus, biogenic banks,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFEDFFA29D110884D6FBF830" box="[336,450,1997,2022]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEDFFA29D110884D6FBF830" box="[336,450,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Posidonia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
); depth range
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||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFEDFFA29E280887D5F4F833" box="[617,717,1998,2022]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="0.0">0–200 m</quantity>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEDFFA29E9C0887D396F830" author="Pena" box="[733,1199,1998,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), more commonly in depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFEAFFA59D450FD1D65EFF79" box="[260,359,152,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D340FDED535FF66" author="Picard" box="[373,524,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Picard, J. (1951 a) Les hydraires des formations coralligenes des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (2), 255 - 261." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Picard 1951a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59E560FDED5AEFF66" author="Rossi" box="[535,663,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Rossi, L. (1961) Idroidi viventi sulle scogliere del promontorio di Portofino (Golfo di Genova). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 72, 68 - 85." type="journal article" year="1961">Rossi 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59EE20FD1D40DFF66" author="Boero" box="[675,820,152,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero 1981a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59F010FD1D442FF66" author="Boero" box="[832,891,152,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. (1983) Osservazioni ecologiche sugli idroidi del sistema fitale del promotorio di Portofino (Genova, Italia). Naturalista siciliano, Series 4, 6 (Supplement 3), 541 - 545." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59FC70FDED37EFF66" author="Bavestrello" box="[902,1095,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bavestrello, G. (1985) Idroidi simbionti di paguri e gastropodi nella riviera Ligure di Levante. In: Atti del XVI. Congresso nazionale della Societa italiana di Biologia marina (Lecce, 25 - 30 Settembre 1984). Oebalia, New Series, 11 (1), pp. 349 - 362." type="journal article" year="1985">Bavestrello 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA598130FD1D20AFF66" author="Boero" box="[1106,1331,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA5997F0FDED7CEFF02" author="Arillo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Arillo, A., Bavestrello, G. & Boero, F. (1989) Circannual cycle and oxygen consumption in Eudendrium glomeratum (Cnidaria, Anthomedusae): studies on a shallow water population. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I, Marine Ecology, 10 (4), 289 - 301. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1989. tb 00074. x" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Arillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA599C90FD0D794FF03" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D430FF4D687FF02" author="Roca" box="[258,446,188,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Roca, I., Moreno, I. & Barcelo, R. (1991) Distribucion espacial y temporal de los hidroideos de Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile en una predera del Illot del Sec (Bahia de Palma, Baleares). Boletin del Instituto espanol de Oceanografia, 7 (1), 67 - 74." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Roca
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D020FF4D64CFF03" box="[323,373,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D8B0FF5D5CDFF02" author="Bavestrello" box="[458,756,188,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bavestrello, G. & Arillo, A. (1992) Irradiance, temperature and circannual cycle of Eudendrium glomeratum Picard (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Bollettino di Zoologia, 59 (1), 45 - 48. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009209386646" type="journal article" year="1992">Bavestrello & Arillo 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59F410FF5D379FF02" author="Bavestrello" box="[768,1088,188,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bavestrello, G. & Cerrano, C. (1992) Aggregate colonies in Eudendrium glomeratum Picard 1952 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae). Scientia Marina, 56 (4), 333 - 335." type="journal article" year="1992">Bavestrello & Cerrano 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA5980C0FF5D277FF03" author="Bavestrello" box="[1101,1358,188,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Cattaneo Vietti, R. & Sara, M. (1996) Relation between Eudendrium glomeratum (Cnidaria, Hydromedusae) and its associated vagile fauna. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 137 - 143." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Bavestrello
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA598950FF4D23CFF03" box="[1236,1285,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Morri & Bianchi, 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D2E0F96D56BFF2E" author="Piraino" box="[367,594,223,248]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D8D0FA8D538FF2E" box="[460,513,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59E230FA9D458FF2E" author="Marques" box="[610,865,223,248]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Marques, A. C., Cantero, A. L. P. & Vervoort, W. (2000 a) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 252 (2), 197 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0952836900009936" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59E910FA8D437FF2E" box="[720,782,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59F330F96D34EFF2E" author="Faucci" box="[882,1143,223,248]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA598C60FA9D662FECA" author="Pena" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D270E4DD510FECA" author="Morri" box="[358,553,260,285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59DEE0E4CD6D9FECB" box="[431,480,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59E330E4CD593FECB" box="[626,682,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEAFFA59C860E6ED7DDFE5E" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59C860E6ED66DFE96" bold="true" box="[199,340,295,320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Ligurian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59E060E61D415FE96" author="Boero" box="[583,812,295,320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from October to April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA598060E61D217FE96" author="Boero" box="[1095,1326,295,320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA599C90E60D78DFEB3" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1986), and January–May, July–December (Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59EAE0E04D412FEB3" box="[751,811,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009); all year in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEAFFA59C860EDDD4D0FE23" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59C860EDDD6FEFE7B" bold="true" box="[199,455,404,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Mediterranean, fertile colonies can be found all year round (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA598A10EDDD693FE06" author="Pena" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59DF90EFED542FE06" author="Schuchert" box="[440,635,439,464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the peak of reproduction seems to be during autumn and winter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59CDF0E95D61EFE22" author="Boero" box="[158,295,476,500]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. (1984) The ecology of marine hydroids and effects of environmental factors: a review. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli I, Marine Ecology, 5 (2), 93 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1984. tb 00310. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Boero 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D3F0E94D68FFE23" box="[382,438,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1986; De Vito 2006; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59EA70E94D426FE23" box="[742,799,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFEAFFA59C860EB6D57AFD7E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEAFFA59C860EB6D23FFDB6" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59C860EB6D659FDCE" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Rather common and widespread in the western and eastern Mediterranean, including the African and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FFEAFFA59C870D6DD635FDEB" box="[198,268,548,573]" name="Israel" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Israeli</collectingCountry>
|
||
coasts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D240D6DD510FDEB" author="Schuchert" box="[357,553,548,573]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115 (4), 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Northeastern Atlantic, Indo-Pacific (distribution probably wider; it resembles the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFEAFFA59D590D00D6A6FDB6" box="[280,415,585,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D590D00D6A6FDB6" box="[280,415,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and many records under this name could possibly belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFEAFFA5980F0D00D3CCFDB6" box="[1102,1269,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomeratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA5980F0D00D3CCFDB6" box="[1102,1269,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. glomeratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEAFFA59C860D25D57AFD7E" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59C860D25D688FD53" bold="true" box="[199,433,620,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Common at Porto Cesareo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59EB90D25D4CDFD52" author="Faucci" box="[760,1012,620,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59C9C0DC6D682FD7E" author="Gravili" box="[221,443,655,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D750DD8D65CFD7E" box="[308,357,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFEAFFA59C860DFDD58DFC8A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFEAFFA59C860DFDD58DFC8A" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59C860DFDD669FD1B" bold="true" box="[199,336,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">References.</emphasis>
|
||
Motz-Kossovoska (1905) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFEAFFA59EE50DFCD4D0FD1B" ID-CoL="3BZKT" authority="Picard" authorityName="Picard" authorityYear="1958" box="[676,1001,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59EE50DFCD417FD1A" box="[676,814,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59F7E0DFDD4D0FD1B" author="Picard" box="[831,1001,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59FB90DFDD3B4FD1A" author="Rossi" box="[1016,1165,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Rossi, L. (1971) Guida a Cnidari e Ctenofori d'Italia. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 2, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1971">Rossi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA598DA0DFCD2AEFD1B" author="Boero" box="[1179,1431,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59CD60D91D610FD26" author="Roca" box="[151,297,727,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Roca, I. (1986) Estudio de los Cnidarios Bentonicos de las aguas costeras de Mallorca. Tesis, Universitat de les illes Balears, Facultat de Ciencies, Palma de Mallorca, 32 pp." type="book" year="1986">Roca (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59D780D91D556FD26" author="Boero" box="[313,623,727,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Boero, F. & Cornelius, P. F. S. (1987) First records of Eudendrium glomeratum (Cnidaria: Hydroida) in British and Irish waters, and taxonomic comments. Irish Naturalists' Journal, 22 (6), 244 - 246." type="journal article" year="1987">Boero & Cornelius (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59E3E0D9ED4E4FD26" author="Bavestrello" box="[639,989,727,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bavestrello, G. & Cerrano, C. (1992) Aggregate colonies in Eudendrium glomeratum Picard 1952 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae). Scientia Marina, 56 (4), 333 - 335." type="journal article" year="1992">Bavestrello & Cerrano (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
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, Altuna (1994),
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,
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Marques
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59EC30DB4D582FCC3" box="[642,699,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59F590DB5D41EFCC3" author="Marques" box="[792,807,764,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Marques, A. C., Mergner, H., Hoinghaus, R., Santos, C. M. D. & Vervoort, W. (2000 b) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 74 (5), 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59F7B0DB4D22DFCC2" box="[826,1300,764,788]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D1B0C68D6ACFCEE" box="[346,405,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA5985F0C68D36BFCEE" box="[1054,1106,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59CD60C0DD7EAFC8A" author="Schuchert" box="[151,211,836,860]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) Athecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, i - viii, 364 pp." type="book" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFEAFFA59CA70C0DD682FC8A" box="[230,443,836,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article">
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Morri
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59D6F0C0CD65EFC8B" box="[302,359,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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Bianchi
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFEAFFA59E650C0CD565FC8B" box="[548,604,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |