The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide Author Gravili, Cinzia Author Vito, Doris De Author Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di Author Martell, Luis Author Piraino, Stefano Author Boero, Ferdinando text Zootaxa 2015 3908 1 1 187 journal article 42365 10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1 6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae 1175-5326 242729 D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE Eudendrium glomeratum Picard, 1951 Fig. 17 A–F See Schuchert (2008b) for a complete synonymy. FIGURE 17. Eudendrium glomeratum : A , typical colony; B , hydranth with characteristic nematocyst buttons; C , male blastostyle; D , female blastostyle; E , particular of a female gonophore (C, D, E same scale bar); F , nematocysts: intact macrobasic euryteles (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 2.0 cm; B, 0.5 mm; C, D, E, 0.2 mm; F, 10 µm. Material examined. HCUS-S 0 20 and HCUS-S 0 21 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula). Description (based on our own observations; Marinopoulos 1992 ; Marques et al. 2000a , b ; Schuchert 2008b , 2012 ): Hydroid. Hydrorhiza rhizocaulomic; colonies erect, up to 30 cm high; hydrocauli polysiphonic, branched, with thick perisarc in older parts, becoming thin in younger regions; hydranths urn-shaped, with a ring composed of several nematocyst buttons (4–10) that sometimes coalesce into an irregular band, some buttons also scattered on hydranth body; hypostome flared; 15–28 filiform tentacles in one whorl. Gonophores as fixed sporosacs; females developed on reduced hydranth (4–6 gonophores per blastostyle) with unbranched spadix; males provided with 1–2 chambers; mature blastostyle with either a normal number of tentacles or a reduced number partly atrophied tentacles, with or without terminal buttons. Colours: perisarc brown in older parts, becoming yellowish to transparent in younger regions; hydranths red. Cnidome. Holotrichous macrobasic euryteles ( 24x10 to 28 x11 µm), butt long (4 times length of capsule) and spirally coiled around the big axis of the cnidocyst; these cnidocysts are concentrated in several groups characteristically conspicuous at the basal half of the polyp; also heterotrichous microbasic euryteles ( 6x 2.5 to 9x 4 mm ) on tentacles and ectoderm. Habitat type and substrate. It occurs on various solid substrata (rocky walls, caves, hard substrates, detritus, biogenic banks, Posidonia ); depth range 0–200 m ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002 ), more commonly in depths of 10–40 m ( Picard 1951a ; Rossi 1961 ; Boero 1981a , 1983 ; Bavestrello 1985 ; Boero & Fresi 1986 ; Arillo et al . 1989 ; Roca et al . 1991 ; Bavestrello & Arillo 1992 ; Bavestrello & Cerrano 1992 ; Bavestrello et al . 1996 ; Morri & Bianchi, 1999; Piraino et al . 1999 ; Marques et al. 2000a ; Faucci & Boero 2000 ; Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002 ; Morri et al . 2009 ; Puce et al. 2009). Seasonality. In the Ligurian Sea ( Boero & Fresi 1986 ) from October to April ( Boero & Fresi 1986 ; Boero et al. 1986), and January–May, July–December (Puce et al. 2009); all year in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study). Reproductive period. In the Mediterranean, fertile colonies can be found all year round ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002 ; Schuchert 2008b ), but the peak of reproduction seems to be during autumn and winter ( Boero 1984 ; Boero et al. 1986; De Vito 2006; Puce et al. 2009; this study). Distribution. Rather common and widespread in the western and eastern Mediterranean, including the African and Israeli coasts ( Schuchert 2008b ); Northeastern Atlantic, Indo-Pacific (distribution probably wider; it resembles the species E. ramosum , and many records under this name could possibly belong to E. glomeratum ). Records in Salento. Common at Porto Cesareo ( Faucci & Boero 2000 ), and Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006; Gravili et al . 2008a ; this study). References. Motz-Kossovoska (1905) as E. ramosum , Picard (1958a) , Rossi (1971) , Boero & Fresi (1986) , Roca (1986) , Boero & Cornelius (1987) , Bavestrello & Cerrano (1992) , Marinopoulos (1992) , Altuna (1994), Medel & López-González (1996) , Marques et al. (2000a , b ), Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa (2002) , Bouillon et al. (2004), Puce et al. (2005a , 2009), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), Gravili et al . (2008a) , Schuchert (2008b , 2012 ), Morri et al. (2009) , Bianchi et al. (2011) .