305 lines
34 KiB
XML
305 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9428" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ef918a8-b165-4acd-9b8d-681a8be3179c" ID-PMC="PMC7732820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-169-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" ID-PubMed="33354138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-169-1" checkinTime="1607107116814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Hickman, Ellen J., Guttierrez, Jorge E., Smith, Rhian J. & Hopper, Stephen D." docDate="2020" docId="22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 169: 1-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 169" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" docTitle="Lachnanthes Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 47. 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732931377571" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="880F1386E2660AC951CACE325FE76DFF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="68D0A1EA656F5C8ED04536D78EAB0FE6">
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<mods:title id="170B2E3EC4121244E789CC4C32BF2176">Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB13ECA36ACC88B8148364CEE02A62C8">Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="522F84158C73E3BBAECDC573DB5DA20D">Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1558E501ED5CF7C8DC6D518E08627F0" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2CE11B2B00396C61B7D7D89338A14E79" type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="960D893626ED6AA695B034B9DD7F1AF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED5DD86D018B90388647CCB59568DCFD">Hickman, Ellen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C136D26599D7BAB9B29A1E638F1FBB5">University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9A41F094D6AC49925708020CD0423751">Guttierrez, Jorge E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="45B0F1E1AAA2EAA4BB4B26575120A9E5">Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E8EA8FBBC50524A2F07720740D174FB">Smith, Rhian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD591B5DC6C29606CE211A63B4343423">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="927C41D7421E062455DA5071DFAA7C89">Hopper, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B0C4A6271F86947181196EC9D8D354FF">University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="341D9F278F2D72BC18FD47A582DBCEF3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2533C8A077FA8ED6273717BB1A82DD43">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="674E24A6244871763AEBB128CFDB32E8">
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<mods:date id="F38A1E7F78D681BBA879CAE6191132A3">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0EC6BE20FF5EBCE07969E31382CD5085" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="21711EDAF64162D037E3A2997A0B16B4">169</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EA6BECD9E02DCB96F869F45AE9936E4E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="38A7A87FFCD3E3351A5401060129B34A">59</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="82F01B8398B843FB09EF650372D3D6CB">
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<mods:url id="8DDFB5C3771514FA6E2D93919AF9BD98">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6B34D810A6A0BDD760252E0531109858">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B6B46A09E0F501414E5B81DB8B0EB637" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4022885833131B2446D8750EAD510B45" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-169-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F278DB9AA6F9A19D2EA8F31206ADC8B2" type="Pensoft-UUID">4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Haemodoraceae" scope_order="Commelinales">
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<subSubSection id="96184A5CA8DA8A647C1ECB1D43438DDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA9C1760A42C407B5BE02AB246E90319" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="C8402BEE05814D6D98400263062713F6" ID-CoL="8VYP3" LSID="22D6D26A-322D-59F6-ABF1-947C86E8D9CA" authority="Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 47. 1816." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lachnanthes Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 47. 1816.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="542A1F182447E1BDE53D5D704CDC9CA4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy A swampy environment B detail of the red roots C habit of an adult flowering specimen D inflorescence showing external surface lanate and internal surface glabrous and yellow perianth E detail of a flower being visited by a bee F fruiting inflorescence, with the detail of a fruit in longitudinal section. A by U. Lorimer, B by J. Fowler, C, F by S. Zona and D, E by B. Peterson, fruit detail by J. Bradford." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E4D6F5F1D933334A0C4171D5BEB73D09" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy. Full colour whole plant illustration. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3C5F8B027521B7EEF95A4F3B6793469B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy A, B root: A portion of the root B cross-section C rhizome in longitudinal section D cincinnus E flower F hair G-I perianth: G outer tepal (frontal and dorsal view) H dorsal view of a inner tepal I side view of the inner tepal with epipetalous stamen J anther (frontal and dorsal view) K-M gynoecium: K cross-section L longitudinal section M stigma N-S fruit: N immature capsule O cross-section P longitudinal section Q placenta with ovules in side view R placenta with ovules in dorsal view S dehisced capsule T-V seed: T dorsal view U ventral view V longitudinal section. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bars: 0.8 mm (A, B); 1 cm (C, D, T-V); 2 mm (E, G-J, N-S); 0.4 mm (F); 1.25 mm (K, L); 0.62 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481934" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5B7A029BB28190320E12A22FDAC926C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CB6CF12509F33B089E2C1DE5149A4A73" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F76918C14EB8CB7099CB401A943CEE2A" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Camderia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camderia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Camderia</taxonomicName>
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Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 80. 1829, nom. illeg. Type species.
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<taxonomicName id="D2106376F1B727D526D6B17CB4072B64" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera tinctorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctorum">Heritiera tinctorum</taxonomicName>
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Walter ex J.F.Gmel. [=
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<taxonomicName id="F50429F32885BDB5CCAAEEFBC257CF40" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">Lachnanthes caroliniana</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C7A2F180AE81339B990A58CE5A9893DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F78EEC3234311AF7185F0753EC621325" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heritiera</taxonomicName>
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J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. (ed. 13) 2(1): 113. 1791, nom. illeg., non
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<taxonomicName id="934057E6EE30E219940B9C95348DD92C" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heritiera</taxonomicName>
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Aiton, nec
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<taxonomicName id="10A733B0745BF96F8000AC15F5C1D7C3" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heritiera</taxonomicName>
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Retz. Type species.
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<taxonomicName id="8765C91346416AD55AA6FAAA475A9E82" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera tinctorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctorum">Heritiera tinctorum</taxonomicName>
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Walter ex J.F.Gmel. [=
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<taxonomicName id="A1AD22F18BEE9B2A4BA0E64EC5ACB33E" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">Lachnanthes caroliniana</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D1880F1379AD6D4B0C40814BE9EBF77" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="184E614A5F5CD89B4FE21B5FC0BAA8D3" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Gyrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gyrotheca" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gyrotheca</taxonomicName>
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Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 327. 1812, nom. nud.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A705477DEB67F98462E139ED339AD557" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="EA82EFBDAA131B28AE610B2E277FE8E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5FA3D87CDF7125F92AEF5E6D3A96FBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="ED9B4E48A2C57C70BF6E72754FCE272F" authorityName="Elliott" authorityYear="1816" baseAuthorityName="Walter ex J. F. Gmel." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">
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<emphasis id="3E4BC5411BEBB35E89A5030E8AA6DAFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes tinctoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Elliott [=
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<taxonomicName id="E70E9A59006ECBB72623890162A5F404" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
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<emphasis id="423B66F9A439FBF297117D5831302094" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy].
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2B505D0ECA35A9D87A018A482BA91111" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph id="31996AD6448313674940512690C30752" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="D0B939708D8C7D97CBD7834A866BA7C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C205760D7112C77F2B6ADC670470FE03" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
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<emphasis id="ED7E32BA88EBF710A6AF9128CDAC4E79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy
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<emphasis id="5C98BDF49C9A878C9B5A1940889AB1DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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swampy environment
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<emphasis id="63410919C5BAFD0A0AEBFA080D7D3B3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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detail of the red roots
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<emphasis id="E3D3C4DB0D1E453ADFC03570D51326FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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habit of an adult flowering specimen
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<emphasis id="865A056F8349333B9A6470BCF54C2DC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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inflorescence showing external surface lanate and internal surface glabrous and yellow perianth
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<emphasis id="0BBC3ED29C453C5EF5CCEE2930B44307" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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detail of a flower being visited by a bee
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<emphasis id="F388260B82C91B8857407B6C74EF010F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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fruiting inflorescence, with the detail of a fruit in longitudinal section.
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<emphasis id="3E9A3F63FC10F7B0C7D08D65EBA1BC9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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by U. Lorimer,
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<emphasis id="2D413D212D98586E657613BC977D1768" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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by J. Fowler,
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<emphasis id="50B272A3D12FEDA707877356269206CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, F</emphasis>
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by S. Zona and
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<emphasis id="A8EF87DAC6EDF1C9070342D6FA14E9E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
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by B. Peterson, fruit detail by J. Bradford.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D16F49918016B82FB8D9D89F633E78EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="702AEAF57100CB942D587605BBFD0E4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33E04D469373DAB93530DF9C518506C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4B84D1E0012877B8F465BDA76E44FA8E" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AFB7EAB90620939381DF7EE20E0EBE20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically and phylogenetically related to
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<taxonomicName id="FDACE5673D93B0400F9186F31C5952FD" authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1767" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DA6B8238D2AF967CA841056448E261B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dilatris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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P.J.Bergius s.str., a yet undescribed African genus and
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<taxonomicName id="054AFEAA3BAFCCCE65C61BDCEA48C538" authorityName="J.E.Smith" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Haemodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haemodorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="224AAF8A0A4100B0470A75553523C0F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haemodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, due to their red to orange roots, branched cincinni, upright tepals, three fertile stamens, inferior ovary and lenticellate and winged seeds (
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<bibRefCitation id="4416CA10C812198E3444C134205CD664" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" author="Simpson, MG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="722 - 784" refId="B52" refString="Simpson, MG, 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77 (4): 722 - 784, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" volume="77" year="1990">Simpson 1990</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D6366A5A103667F2F4A2A3344F368A70" author="Simpson, MG" editor="Kubitzki, K" journalOrPublisher="4). Springer Verlag, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="212 - 128" refId="B55" refString="Simpson, MG, 1998b. Haemodoraceae. In: Kubitzki, K, Ed., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Vol. 4). Springer Verlag, Berlin: 212 - 128" title="Haemodoraceae." volumeTitle="The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Vol." year="1998 b">1998b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2563D48D7B1660E94A1B092BDCEED035" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00770.x" author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="285 - 299" refId="B17" refString="Hopper, SD, Fay, MF, Rossetto, M, Chase, MW, 1999. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (3): 285 - 299, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00770.x" title="A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00770.x" volume="131" year="1999">Hopper et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="9D1750D09A7F78651F8EB64847EBCAF6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015" author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 30" refId="B19" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Fay, MF, Manning, JC, Chase, MW, 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (1): 19 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015" title="Molecular phylogenetics of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015" volume="51" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F4A9E2DA151B7E236F792CD2A7EF3F3C" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="CA42FA090B4A1905E88F0EEFDB847E20" author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Chase, MW, Fay, MF, Gutierrez, JE, Hickman, EJ, Manning, JC, Pellegrini, MOO, Rourke, JP, Simpson, MG, in prep. . Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." title="Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." year="in prep.">Hopper et al., in prep.</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="1DFFC5A6919F3630BE65E63E62D8EB4C" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="84A816AB1D0A64BE699EADA081EBDE50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="042C25B289D86960566FAFE7D181BC80" authorityName="J.E.Smith" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Haemodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haemodorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="82323215116D6BFB43DFAE18F7BF652B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haemodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, based on their roots being sand-binding or not (roots lacking a rhizosheath and not sand-binding in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DA44BCDBF640FBB470F96F6B9B43574C" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="68244F97ACA63C004CC48CF665EB72B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
vs. with a rhizosheath and sand-binding in almost all species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="61B376A0971C26FF6DFD777BB3939474" authorityName="J.E.Smith" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Haemodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haemodorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5DBF69497F3DCF1BA674F0D9430304E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haemodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
), pubescence (present vs. absent), the consistency of the tepals (succulent vs. coriaceous) and the number of ovules per carpel (5-7 vs. 2) (
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<bibRefCitation id="6387982E691786243A9D9891F00DED72" author="Hickman, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Hickman, EJ, 2019. Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." title="Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." year="2019">Hickman 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="50F95EB502BE05D329D5325195FD1271" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). On the other hand,
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|
<taxonomicName id="F46CE039107584C7FC985DF663248F38" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D2F38E0B49BA7FABCB720FDF2A1540E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be differentiated from
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|
<taxonomicName id="DD2EB891EED1FCEFDDAD4489A61D3DEA" authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1767" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9A6AA61166C02896A7E522A15C0169A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dilatris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
s.str. by its roots lacking a rhizosheath and not sand-binding (vs. with a rhizosheath and sand-binding in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="94EFBF50EFBEB80B6FF135AC7009FCC6" authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1767" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="FDA8874332EC038C0F49861FF5ECC6E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dilatris</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
s.str.), outer tepals
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3D307F4474ECD852EAB0C9224FB0181C" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
|
times shorter than the inner tepals (vs. outer and inner tepals equal), tepals erect and lacking apical glands (vs. tepals patent, with apical glands), monomorphic stamens (vs. dimorphic), septal nectaries interlocular (vs. supralocular), 5-7 ovules per locule (vs. one), the absence of an anthocarp (vs. anthocarp present) and loculicidal capsules (vs. septifragal) (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="15FD2C709FA8197404388A8FF5CA3237" author="Hickman, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Hickman, EJ, 2019. Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." title="Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." year="2019">Hickman 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="496C98BB290DB5E586AF93C9F95F3EA5" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F7B43FD6520661D63ACFA60BBD76B43C" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="1BFB1887DEEE9349652C36E92C188951" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the undescribed genus will be posteriorly discussed (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4D739929F6A1A0407F9C55C3ED9FC9D8" author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Chase, MW, Fay, MF, Gutierrez, JE, Hickman, EJ, Manning, JC, Pellegrini, MOO, Rourke, JP, Simpson, MG, in prep. . Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." title="Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." year="in prep.">Hopper et al. in prep.</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="79119E89A0E09650339D4E0C04F67C20" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B42" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, Horn, CN, Faden, RB, Hopper, SD, Evans, TM, in prep. . Morphological phylogeny of Commelinales (Monocots), based on a giant taxon-character matrix." title="Morphological phylogeny of Commelinales (Monocots), based on a giant taxon-character matrix." year="in prep.">Pellegrini et al., in prep.</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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|
<caption id="02A6741867407C5B3C641C4CFAF7EE69" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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|
<paragraph id="3A5600C8BE976EE4F7AD5F89497DC72E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="BB9E8C8B2FBECC31C0CA88B2E53080B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD2855DA9DE8A23FEB394FA0D0DA50A" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
|
|
<emphasis id="7E1AD13D206623AD7618C677E1B13330" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Lam.) Dandy. Full colour whole plant illustration. Illustration by E.J. Hickman. Scale bar: 1 cm.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="56D1C77B25F8FE605DA837CA0DECF696" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481934" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph id="D4BF68EED67F271A613677AE00304863" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="EFBDFE5D6592E1C5B4A27F9650CC2BFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02C80C9C1745112173514EC5E6B7653E" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
|
|
<emphasis id="84B9267EE1FD9F6B676084D805FB76B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Lam.) Dandy
|
|
<emphasis id="309462A8D25A1747E7F618BD35C7A41D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
root:
|
|
<emphasis id="A37099511BD24BBDA98078D6E2731FB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
portion of the root
|
|
<emphasis id="F0EF893B9C90B40B04641654BD6A8FD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
cross-section
|
|
<emphasis id="6F833139D11C43E736B774689D09656F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
rhizome in longitudinal section
|
|
<emphasis id="1D971C14F70CDFA2BBA0605A219BDFC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
cincinnus
|
|
<emphasis id="55C37A6E492AA7FEB98EAE6F93045FD6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
flower
|
|
<emphasis id="9627A9AEF3342FBB0549D51C14ACA30E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
hair
|
|
<emphasis id="B3983D81183D27B7C20D0331D3601E8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
|
|
perianth:
|
|
<emphasis id="8A6801CAC23308C6B42C71E4C04211D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
outer tepal (frontal and dorsal view)
|
|
<emphasis id="DFF69303342A44A8D0F220080308CEAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view of a inner tepal
|
|
<emphasis id="B1471B71E45191B273CED7C68D182218" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
|
side view of the inner tepal with epipetalous stamen
|
|
<emphasis id="9C617BB955CAF71EE5E55C961E4FBFCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
|
anther (frontal and dorsal view)
|
|
<emphasis id="6B20A5A225C15A14929DE3769B731133" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K-M</emphasis>
|
|
gynoecium:
|
|
<emphasis id="07C1381CE26B6DD658D08374CDA2CDEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
|
cross-section
|
|
<emphasis id="4C5D7BDBADEA13B1E5A5211F814852C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
|
longitudinal section
|
|
<emphasis id="300AB81942266993EB4373728263C1EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
|
stigma
|
|
<emphasis id="CD677755A61A006852E22541231C9658" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N-S</emphasis>
|
|
fruit:
|
|
<emphasis id="9FBABC16C833F5A03EECC251D10778B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
|
immature capsule
|
|
<emphasis id="1CF1560F3CB2F585CF27138BBC91D4E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
|
cross-section
|
|
<emphasis id="842A803792317E341E2ACA04BD5CE2E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
|
longitudinal section
|
|
<emphasis id="518FB09509C61576DC91DCC36DAB968E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
|
|
placenta with ovules in side view
|
|
<emphasis id="49B00AEF035A85B743A9C97AEE092D62" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
|
|
placenta with ovules in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="77A437901A30A0E4D694FCACE1CCE264" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S</emphasis>
|
|
dehisced capsule
|
|
<emphasis id="CA9B77CFC0B679EE8E1A01E3FC3DA421" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T-V</emphasis>
|
|
seed:
|
|
<emphasis id="38ABB21A26188031989EC0F3E55A888F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="6E01D79B53376A0ACCFEF97E549A2030" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">U</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis id="18C675D0B7ED66554C46621CFF24B836" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V</emphasis>
|
|
longitudinal section. Illustration by E.J. Hickman. Scale bars: 0.8 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="D3597E9FD4D19E9B93834CED5E4F11B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 cm (
|
|
<emphasis id="87AE51B448D8AE2A6C19777762751205" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, T-V</emphasis>
|
|
); 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="E7F8DA514D865468BE75B80ADD617722" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, G-J, N-S</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.4 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="41F024C5979B530E47F18F19CEDCA858" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
); 1.25 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="83552730A55D1B289A453F3FC53352AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.62 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="BF819962BEEDA5F697E8F2D532A99E07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |