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<mods:title id="D98CEE7012A973CB9747EE31CA3A9AD9">The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B01399B9DAC53A926EB36C07A3AA66F">Rafi, Muhammad Ather</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F771E2CBCDD9BFF4FD1288B33BE2EDBC">Sultan, Amir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F59861D9DC8C28AEDA6FA9E48F72308">Kitching, Ian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C733B59C12DD24E39A56B9835C71E5AA">Pittaway, Anthony R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9D16596082F11B1D08BA84302029BCC">Markhasiov, Maxim</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C354656541119E7FEBAD40CCFDF7FC56" box="[151,551,942,967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF136EE41119E7FEBAD40CCFDF7FC56" blockId="21.[151,1436,942,1147]" box="[151,551,942,967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">
<heading id="D0B9818241119E7FEBAD40CCFDF7FC56" bold="true" box="[151,551,942,967]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41119E7FEBAD40CCFDF7FC56" ID-CoL="56CYB" authority="Walker, 1856" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,551,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallicosta">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41119E7FEBAD40CCFDF7FC56" bold="true" box="[151,551,942,967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41119E7FEBAD40CCFEA1FC56" bold="true" box="[151,369,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">Theretra pallicosta</emphasis>
(Walker, 1856)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354656541119E7FEBFD40B0FB4FFBEA" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF136EE41119E7FEBFD40B0FB4FFBEA" blockId="21.[151,1436,942,1147]" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41119E7FEBFD40B0FEEBFC7A" bold="true" box="[199,315,978,1003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1F41119E7FEA7E40B0FDF2FC7A" author="Fletcher" box="[324,546,978,1003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" refString="Fletcher, T. B. (1920) Annotated list of India crop pests., In: Fletcher, T. B. (Ed.), Report of the Proceedings of the Third Entomological Meeting held at Pusa, 3 rd to 15 th February 1919. Vol. 1. Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta, India, pp. 33 - 314." type="journal volume" year="1920">Fletcher (1920: 98)</bibRefCitation>
reported that “Major F. C. Fraser informs me that this species is common in every vineyard in Sind, the larva feeding on the leaves of grape-vine, of which it is a decided pest. It has, however, never been reported as a pest.” Elsewhere, however, the only verified larval host of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41119E7FEFBF477EFAC3FBA2" box="[1157,1299,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallicosta">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41119E7FEFBF477EFAC3FBA2" box="[1157,1299,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">T. pallicosta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41119E7FEE044779FE87FBC6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Aporosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41119E7FEE044779FA4CFBA3" box="[1342,1436,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">Aporosa</emphasis>
(Phyllanthaceae)
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. Consequently, we consider Fletchers record to be erroneous. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41119E7FEFA4475DFAFAFBC6" box="[1182,1322,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallicosta">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41119E7FEFA4475DFAFAFBC6" box="[1182,1322,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">T. pallicosta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the Western Ghats and Uttaranchal in
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41119E7FE9444700FD6AFBEA" box="[638,698,1122,1147]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">India</collectingCountry>
, and so its presence in
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41119E7FE8864700FBCBFBEA" box="[956,1051,1122,1147]" name="Pakistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="414">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
is possible.
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