treatments-xml/data/F5/11/87/F51187F87154FF86B17A16CFFCC14C7B.xml

<document id="8A7BE46A7E953FE3FCE96835D79A9904" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173194" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4026afb3-e236-4f5b-bdaf-7e6ac7efdbaa" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173194" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459771438283" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Günther, Rainer &amp; Knop, Ronny" docDate="2006" docId="F51187F87154FF86B17A16CFFCC14C7B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01268p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1268" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Xenobatrachus lanthanites Günther &amp; Knop, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="0928FF807151FF97B072102CFFCD4F1D" masterDocTitle="A new species of Xenobatrachus (Anura, Microhylidae) with a striking resemblance to Xenorhina bouwensi" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698217251815" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AE199D09F980A041BCFECA3DB3DC66A5">A new species of Xenobatrachus (Anura, Microhylidae) with a striking resemblance to Xenorhina bouwensi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F8EEC0645615A1B3FEE1DEE8A69DC84">Knop, Ronny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2F4587DD66B8D67F9CB7DE632C8E20A2">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F51187F87154FF86B17A16CFFCC14C7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119347164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F51187F87154FF86B17A16CFFCC14C7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F51187F87154FF86B17A16CFFCC14C7B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="35A265657154FF92B17A16CFFC8949E0" box="[264,836,1763,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7154FF92B17A16CFFC8949E0" blockId="5.[264,836,1763,1789]" box="[264,836,1763,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="264F81827154FF92B17A16CFFC8949E0" bold="true" box="[264,836,1763,1789]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7154FF92B17A16CFFC8949E0" bold="true" box="[264,836,1763,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7154FF92B17A16CFFD8349E0" ID-CoL="5C9GB" box="[264,590,1763,1789]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7154FF92B17A16CFFD8349E0" bold="true" box="[264,590,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877154FF92B22416CFFD7E49E0" box="[598,691,1763,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7154FF92B2B116CFFCF149E0" box="[707,828,1763,1789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStart-5="FIGURE 8" captionStart-6="FIGURE 9" captionStart-7="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="6.[264,368,986,1010]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,368,1426,1450]" captionStartId-2="8.[264,368,1179,1203]" captionStartId-3="9.[264,368,1846,1870]" captionStartId-4="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionStartId-5="12.[264,368,1695,1719]" captionStartId-6="13.[264,368,1612,1636]" captionStartId-7="14.[264,368,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox-0="[267,1319,390,978]" captionTargetBox-1="[267,1319,310,1418]" captionTargetBox-2="[493,1095,410,1150]" captionTargetBox-3="[493,1096,835,1833]" captionTargetBox-4="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetBox-5="[267,1319,987,1682]" captionTargetBox-6="[265,1323,1106,1591]" captionTargetBox-7="[460,1127,319,1576]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[267,1319,389,980]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[267,1319,309,1419]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[491,1096,406,1151]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[491,1096,834,1833]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[267,1319,987,1683]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[264,1323,1106,1592]" captionTargetId-7="figure@14.[460,1128,319,1576]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. The holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. in life." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Ventral surface of the preserved holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., (a) dorsal view of the head, (b) lateral view of the head." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., (a) ventral aspect of the right hand and (b) ventral aspect of the right foot." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." captionText-5="FIGURE 8. Habitat of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. at about 1000 m a. s. l. in the Amoman region of Yapen Island." captionText-6="FIGURE 9. Oscillogram (above) and audiospectrogram (below) of a series of four notes from Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. The call was recorded in July 2003 at a temperature of 19 ° C" captionText-7="FIGURE 10. Frequency distribution of a note from the call shown partly on fig. 9." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173197/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173198/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173199/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/173200/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/173202/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/173203/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/173204/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Figs 3–10</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35A265657154FF91B17A1702FB4B4BAA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7154FF91B17A1702FD234E43" blockId="5.[264,1323,1838,1904]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<typeStatus id="A203884C7154FF92B17A1702FEB74855" box="[264,378,1838,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="1BA9AE2B7154FF92B1F71702FE084855" box="[389,453,1838,1864]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">ZMB</collectionCode>
69558 (field number = FN 7788); adult male (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7154FF92B39C1702FBF44855" box="[1006,1081,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,986,1010]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,390,978]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[267,1319,389,980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. The holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173197/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Figs 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7154FF92B4011702FB494855" box="[1139,1156,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,310,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[267,1319,309,1419]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral surface of the preserved holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173198/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">4</figureCitation>
), collected by R. Günther and H. Hasser on
<date id="0906102E7154FF92B22D177AFD2A486D" box="[607,743,1878,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" value="2003-07-09">9 July 2003</date>
near the road to Ambaiduru Village, about
<quantity id="BA409B0B7154FF92B492177AFAE6486D" box="[1248,1323,1878,1904]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
direct line NE of Serui, Amoman Mountain,
<geoCoordinate id="188C50297157FF91B36F1130FCA24E2B" box="[797,879,284,310]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-1.75">1°45´S</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="188C50297157FF91B3D81130FBD04E2B" box="[938,1053,284,310]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="136.31667">136°19´E</geoCoordinate>
, altitude
<quantity id="BA409B0B7157FF91B4F91130FB294E2B" box="[1163,1252,284,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
a.s.l., Yapen Island,
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E7157FF91B1DD1168FE3A4E43" box="[431,503,324,350]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Papua</collectingCountry>
Province,
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E7157FF91B2061168FD274E43" box="[628,746,324,350]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C766667157FF91B17A13F6FBCB4CEC" box="[264,1030,986,1010]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[267,1319,390,978]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7157FF91B17A13F6FBCB4CEC" blockId="6.[264,1030,986,1010]" box="[264,1030,986,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B17A13F6FE474CEF" bold="true" box="[264,394,986,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
The holotype of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B23013F6FCAD4CEC" box="[578,864,986,1009]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B23013F6FCAD4CEC" box="[578,864,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877157FF91B31513F6FC774CEC" box="[871,954,986,1009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7157FF91B14A1409FB4B4BAA" blockId="6.[264,1324,1061,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="A203884C7157FF91B14A1409FE634B22" box="[312,430,1061,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="1BA9AE2B7157FF91B1C91409FE364B22" box="[443,507,1061,1087]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">ZMB</collectionCode>
69557 (FN 7787),
<collectionCode id="1BA9AE2B7157FF91B2941409FCEB4B22" box="[742,806,1061,1087]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">ZMB</collectionCode>
69559 (FN 7789),
<collectionCode id="1BA9AE2B7157FF91B4631409FB9C4B22" box="[1041,1105,1061,1087]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">ZMB</collectionCode>
69560 (FN 7790) and
<collectionCode id="1BA9AE2B7157FF91B14F1461FEB04B7A" box="[317,381,1101,1127]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">ZMB</collectionCode>
69561 (FN 7791). All
<typeStatus id="A203884C7157FF91B2EF1461FCC04B7A" box="[669,781,1101,1127]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
were collected near the locus typicus at the same day and from the same collectors as for the
<typeStatus id="A203884C7157FF91B3211459FC704B92" box="[851,957,1141,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. All
<typeStatus id="A203884C7157FF91B3851459FBAA4B92" box="[1015,1127,1141,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are adult males;
<collectionCode id="1BA9AE2B7157FF91B17A14B1FE8A4BAA" box="[264,327,1181,1207]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">ZMB</collectionCode>
69561 was cleared and doublestained as a bonecartilage preparation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35A265657157FF91B14A14E9FE02498A" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7157FF91B14A14E9FE02498A" blockId="6.[264,1324,1061,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B14A14E9FE754BC2" bold="true" box="[312,440,1221,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
With an average snouturostyle length of
<quantity id="BA409B0B7157FF91B3BE14E9FBF74BC2" box="[972,1082,1221,1247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="21.9">21.9 mm</quantity>
the new species is clearly smaller than almost all other
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B2CA14C1FCA44A1B" box="[696,873,1261,1286]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B2CA14C1FCA44A1B" box="[696,873,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, of which the smallest exhibit an average length of at least
<quantity id="BA409B0B7157FF91B2201539FD6A4A32" box="[594,679,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
. The only exception is
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B3C61539FEA64A4A" authority="Blum &amp; Menzies" authorityName="Blum &amp; Menzies" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anorbis">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B3C61539FB084A33" box="[948,1221,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xenobatrachus anorbis</emphasis>
Blum &amp; Menzies
</taxonomicName>
which has about the same SVL (21.3–23.4, mean
<quantity id="BA409B0B7157FF91B3CA1511FBEC4A4A" box="[952,1057,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 mm</quantity>
) as
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B4231511FACF4A4B" box="[1105,1282,1341,1366]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B4231511FACF4A4B" box="[1105,1282,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877157FF91B57B1511FEF74A62" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
However,
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B1CB1549FD8C4A63" box="[441,577,1381,1406]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anorbis">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B1CB1549FD8C4A63" box="[441,577,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xb. anorbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has conspicuously shorter tibiae than the new species (TL/SUL 0.29–0.32 vs. 0.40–0.42), a different ratio
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E7157FF91B37315A1FCF04ABA" box="[769,829,1421,1447]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">END</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E7157FF91B33415A1FCB74ABA" box="[838,890,1421,1447]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">IND</collectingCountry>
(1.26–1.32 vs. 0.94–1.20) and lacks digital discs completely (all data on
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B2BB1599FC9B4AD3" box="[713,854,1461,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anorbis">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B2BB1599FC9B4AD3" box="[713,854,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xb. anorbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to Blum &amp; Menzies 1989). Advertisement calls of the new species are long series of short piping notes, average note length is 121 milliseconds with a dominant frequency of about 1.0 kHz, note repetition rate is 1–2 notes per second. In external morphology and voice,
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B3821601FAE7495B" box="[1008,1322,1581,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B3821601FAE7495B" box="[1008,1322,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877157FF91B17A1679FEAA4972" box="[264,359,1621,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has the greatest similarity to
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7157FF91B2AF1679FC1E4973" box="[733,979,1621,1646]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7157FF91B2AF1679FC1E4973" box="[733,979,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the latter lacks palatovomerine spikes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="29C766667156FF90B17A15BEFB2E4AB4" box="[264,1251,1426,1450]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173198/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[267,1319,310,1418]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7156FF90B17A15BEFB2E4AB4" blockId="7.[264,1251,1426,1450]" box="[264,1251,1426,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7156FF90B17A15BEFE474AB7" bold="true" box="[264,394,1426,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Ventral surface of the preserved holotype of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7156FF90B31E15BEFB464AB4" box="[876,1163,1426,1449]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7156FF90B31E15BEFB464AB4" box="[876,1163,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877156FF90B4E215BEFB2E4AB4" box="[1168,1251,1426,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="35A265657156FF9AB14A15F1FE6B4B39" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7156FF9FB14A15F1FBCA4E43" blockId="7.[264,1324,1501,1887]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1324,284,350]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7156FF90B14A15F1FD5A4AEA" bold="true" box="[312,663,1501,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="A203884C7156FF90B25715F1FD5F4AEA" box="[549,658,1501,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Head extremely small, broader than long and merging seamlessly into the wider body; snout acuminate from above (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7156FF90B4611629FB934902" box="[1043,1118,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1179,1203]" captionTargetBox="[493,1095,410,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[491,1096,406,1151]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., (a) dorsal view of the head, (b) lateral view of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173199/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a), protruding in profile (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7156FF90B1171601FE67495A" box="[357,426,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1179,1203]" captionTargetBox="[493,1095,410,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[491,1096,406,1151]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., (a) dorsal view of the head, (b) lateral view of the head." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173199/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
b), loreal region oblique, no canthus rostralis, nostrils visible from above and dorsolaterally directed, internarial distance about the same as eye diameter and distance between eye and naris. Tympanum scarcely visible and very large (94% of eye diameter), weak supratympanic fold (more conspicuous in life). Legs short, no webs between fingers or toes, fingers rather wide, their tips not wider than terminal phalanges and with hardly visible grooves, toe tips a bit wider than terminal phalanges and with clearly marked terminal grooves, relative length of fingers 3&gt;4&gt;2&gt;1 (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7156FF90B3D41731FC3F482A" box="[934,1010,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[493,1096,835,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[491,1096,834,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., (a) ventral aspect of the right hand and (b) ventral aspect of the right foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173200/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
a), relative length of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1(
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B7156FF90B1E91769FE2B4842" box="[411,486,1861,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[493,1096,835,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[491,1096,834,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., (a) ventral aspect of the right hand and (b) ventral aspect of the right foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173200/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
b), no subarticular tubercles, a few inconspicuous palmar and plantar tubercles. Dorsal and ventral surfaces in life and in preservative smooth, lateral surface in life with tubercles, in preservative smooth, tip of snout pustulose.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C766667159FF9FB17A14B7FE0D4BC8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[493,1095,410,1150]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7159FF9FB17A14B7FE0D4BC8" blockId="8.[264,1323,1179,1237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7159FF9FB17A14B7FE474BAE" bold="true" box="[264,394,1179,1203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7159FF9FB26514B7FCFB4BAF" box="[535,822,1179,1202]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7159FF9FB26514B7FCFB4BAF" box="[535,822,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877159FF9FB34914B7FC5D4BAF" box="[827,912,1179,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, (a) dorsal view of the head, (b) lateral view of the head.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7159FF9FB14A1525FDB24AF6" blockId="8.[264,1323,1289,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Colour in preservative: Dorsal surface greybrown, semicircular whitish spots surrounding blackish spots in the inguinal region (lumbar ocelli), snout whitish, extremities lighter than dorsum and with irregular dark spots and stripes, a large blackish triangular spot bordered above by a whitish line around cloaca, a blackish stripe also from posterior eye angle to insertion of fore limb, ventral surfaces crème coloured and densely reticulated with brownish spots.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7159FF9FB14A15D5FEA449AE" blockId="8.[264,1323,1289,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Colour in life: Dorsal surface dark brown with diffuse small blackish spots, snout tip whitish, dorsal surface of distal part of tibiae and of entire tarsi conspicuously brightened, light vertebral line and supratympanic fold more pronounced than in fixative. Iris nearly circular, dark brown and with golden inner margin. Ventral surface of the same colour as in fixative.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7159FF9EB14A16ECFB6D4C0B" blockId="8.[264,1323,1289,1875]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,790]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7159FF9FB14A16ECFC8B49C7" bold="true" box="[312,838,1728,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
Morphological variation in the
<typeStatus id="A203884C7159FF9FB2CE16ECFD3F49C7" box="[700,754,1728,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
Variation in biometric characters is fairly low (
<tableCitation id="303A03557159FF9FB13616C5FE52481E" box="[324,415,1769,1795]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[267,1218,409,1755]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Biometric values of the type series of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov., all measurements in mm. Abbreviations are explained in the paragraph ” Material and methods ”; ZMB 69558 is the holotype and ZMB 69561 was cleared and stained as an osteological preparation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29C76666715BFF9DB17A1137FB3F4E65" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="29C76666715BFF9DB17A1137FB3F4E65">Table 2</tableCitation>
). SUL varies only between 21.3 and
<quantity id="BA409B0B7159FF9FB32516C5FC0D481E" box="[855,960,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="22.4">22.4 mm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="BA409B0B7159FF9FB46B16C5FB48481E" box="[1049,1157,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="21.9">21.9 mm</quantity>
) and TL/SUL from 0.40–0.42 (mean 0.41) in five adult males. Colouration in preservative varies as follows (only four specimens are considered): two specimens have a light greybrown dorsal surface of head, body and extremities with a few irregular dark brown small spots and stripes; the other two are dark grey with a very indistinct mottling; lumbar ocelli are clearly expressed in two specimens, only indicated in the other two; there is a fine light vertebral line in two specimens and dark stripes and/or spots around the tympanum in all specimens; all specimens have a large triangular blackish spot, bordered by a whitish stripe above, around the anal opening; all specimens have a depigmented tip of the mouth, which in three specimens exhibits dark pustules; distal part of the tibiae and part of the tarsi much lighter than the remaining dorsal surface in one specimen (this was the case at least in two specimens when they were alive); belly and lower flanks are strongly mottled in one and nearly unspotted in another specimen but slightly so in the others; mottling on the chin is well expressed in all specimens. Basic colour in life varied from different tones of brown to different hues of bluegrey. Clearly visible pustules on the body sides were striking in the living specimens, but disappeared nearly completely in fixative.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C766667158FF9EB17A171AFD694873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173200/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[493,1096,835,1833]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7158FF9EB17A171AFD694873" blockId="9.[264,1322,1846,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7158FF9EB17A171AFE414853" bold="true" box="[264,396,1846,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7158FF9EB253171BFC8F4853" box="[545,834,1847,1870]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7158FF9EB253171BFC8F4853" box="[545,834,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877158FF9EB338171BFC6C4853" box="[842,929,1847,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, (a) ventral aspect of the right hand and (b) ventral aspect of the right foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="29C76666715BFF9DB17A1137FB3F4E65" ID-Table-UUID="29C76666715BFF9DB17A1137FB3F4E65" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29C76666715BFF9DB17A1137FB3F4E65" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[267,1218,409,1755]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715BFF9DB17A1137FB3F4E65" blockId="10.[264,1323,283,376]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715BFF9DB17A1137FEB04E2E" bold="true" box="[264,381,283,307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Biometric values of the type series of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715BFF9DB3151130FB424E2E" box="[871,1167,284,307]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715BFF9DB3151130FB424E2E" box="[871,1167,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715BFF9DB4EC1130FB304E2E" box="[1182,1277,284,307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, all measurements in mm. Abbreviations are explained in the paragraph ”Material and methods”; ZMB 69558 is the holotype and ZMB 69561 was cleared and stained as an osteological preparation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715BFF9DB17911B5FB6349C6" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<table id="0FB8C44E715B0068B17911B5FB0F49C6" box="[267,1218,409,1755]" gridcols="5" gridrows="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17911B5FB0F4EAD" box="[267,1218,409,432]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17911B5FE324EAD" box="[267,511,409,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">ZMBNo. 69557</th>
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B21E11B5FD7D4EAD" box="[620,688,409,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">69558</th>
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B36F11B5FCAD4EAD" box="[797,864,409,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">69559</th>
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC11B5FBDC4EAD" box="[974,1041,409,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">69560</th>
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B40D11B5FB0F4EAD" box="[1151,1218,409,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">69561</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17911E8FB0F4EC6" box="[267,1218,452,475]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17911E8FE324EC6" box="[267,511,452,475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">FN 7787</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E11E8FD7D4EC6" box="[620,688,452,475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7788</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F11E8FCAD4EC6" box="[797,864,452,475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7789</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC11E8FBDC4EC6" box="[974,1041,452,475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7790</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D11E8FB0F4EC6" box="[1151,1218,452,475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7791</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17911C2FB0F4D18" box="[267,1218,494,517]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17911C2FE324D18" box="[267,511,494,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">SUL 21.3</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E11C2FD7D4D18" box="[620,688,494,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">22.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F11C2FCAD4D18" box="[797,864,494,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">21.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC11C2FBDC4D18" box="[974,1041,494,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">22.2</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D11C2FB0F4D18" box="[1151,1218,494,517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">22.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791235FB0F4D2D" box="[267,1218,537,560]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791235FE324D2D" box="[267,511,537,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TL(Zw) 9.0</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1235FD7D4D2D" box="[620,688,537,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">8.9</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1235FCAD4D2D" box="[797,864,537,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">8.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1235FBDC4D2D" box="[974,1041,537,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">9.1</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1235FB0F4D2D" box="[1151,1218,537,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">8.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791268FB0F4D46" box="[267,1218,580,603]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791268FE324D46" box="[267,511,580,603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TL(RG) 9.8</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1268FD7D4D46" box="[620,688,580,603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">10.1</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1268FCAD4D46" box="[797,864,580,603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">9.6</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1268FBDC4D46" box="[974,1041,580,603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">9.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1268FB0F4D46" box="[1151,1218,580,603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">10.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791242FB0F4D98" box="[267,1218,622,645]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791242FE324D98" box="[267,511,622,645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TaL 7.1</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1242FD7D4D98" box="[620,688,622,645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1242FCAD4D98" box="[797,864,622,645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1242FBDC4D98" box="[974,1041,622,645]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1242FB0F4D98" box="[1151,1218,622,645]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17912B5FB0F4DAD" box="[267,1218,665,688]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17912B5FE324DAD" box="[267,511,665,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">L4T 9.4</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E12B5FD7D4DAD" box="[620,688,665,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">9.0</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F12B5FCAD4DAD" box="[797,864,665,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">9.3</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC12B5FBDC4DAD" box="[974,1041,665,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">9.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17912E8FB0F4DC6" box="[267,1218,708,731]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17912E8FE324DC6" box="[267,511,708,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">L1T 1.9</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E12E8FD7D4DC6" box="[620,688,708,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F12E8FCAD4DC6" box="[797,864,708,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC12E8FBDC4DC6" box="[974,1041,708,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17912C2FB0F4C18" box="[267,1218,750,773]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17912C2FE324C18" box="[267,511,750,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">LMT 0.5</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E12C2FD7D4C18" box="[620,688,750,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F12C2FCAD4C18" box="[797,864,750,773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC12C2FBDC4C18" box="[974,1041,750,773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791335FB0F4C2D" box="[267,1218,793,816]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791335FE324C2D" box="[267,511,793,816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">T4D 0.7</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1335FD7D4C2D" box="[620,688,793,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1335FCAD4C2D" box="[797,864,793,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.6</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1335FBDC4C2D" box="[974,1041,793,816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.6</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1335FB0F4C2D" box="[1151,1218,793,816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791368FB0F4C46" box="[267,1218,836,859]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791368FE324C46" box="[267,511,836,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">F3D 0.4</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1368FD7D4C46" box="[620,688,836,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1368FCAD4C46" box="[797,864,836,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1368FBDC4C46" box="[974,1041,836,859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1368FB0F4C46" box="[1151,1218,836,859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791342FB0F4C98" box="[267,1218,878,901]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791342FE324C98" box="[267,511,878,901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">HL 5.8</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1342FD7D4C98" box="[620,688,878,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1342FCAD4C98" box="[797,864,878,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1342FBDC4C98" box="[974,1041,878,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1342FB0F4C98" box="[1151,1218,878,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17913B5FB0F4CAD" box="[267,1218,921,944]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17913B5FE324CAD" box="[267,511,921,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">HW 7.9</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E13B5FD7D4CAD" box="[620,688,921,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F13B5FCAD4CAD" box="[797,864,921,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC13B5FBDC4CAD" box="[974,1041,921,944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">7.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D13B5FB0F4CAD" box="[1151,1218,921,944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">8.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17913E8FB0F4CC6" box="[267,1218,964,987]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17913E8FE324CC6" box="[267,511,964,987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">END 1.6</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E13E8FD7D4CC6" box="[620,688,964,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F13E8FCAD4CC6" box="[797,864,964,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC13E8FBDC4CC6" box="[974,1041,964,987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D13E8FB0F4CC6" box="[1151,1218,964,987]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17913C2FB0F4B18" box="[267,1218,1006,1029]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17913C2FE324B18" box="[267,511,1006,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">IND 1.7</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E13C2FD7D4B18" box="[620,688,1006,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F13C2FCAD4B18" box="[797,864,1006,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC13C2FBDC4B18" box="[974,1041,1006,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D13C2FB0F4B18" box="[1151,1218,1006,1029]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791435FB0F4B2D" box="[267,1218,1049,1072]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791435FE324B2D" box="[267,511,1049,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">ED 1.7</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1435FD7D4B2D" box="[620,688,1049,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.6</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1435FCAD4B2D" box="[797,864,1049,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1435FBDC4B2D" box="[974,1041,1049,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1435FB0F4B2D" box="[1151,1218,1049,1072]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791468FB0F4B46" box="[267,1218,1092,1115]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791468FE324B46" box="[267,511,1092,1115]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TyD 1.5</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1468FD7D4B46" box="[620,688,1092,1115]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1468FCAD4B46" box="[797,864,1092,1115]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.5</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1468FBDC4B46" box="[974,1041,1092,1115]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.4</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1468FB0F4B46" box="[1151,1218,1092,1115]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791442FB0F4B98" box="[267,1218,1134,1157]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791442FE324B98" box="[267,511,1134,1157]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">SL 2.8</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1442FD7D4B98" box="[620,688,1134,1157]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">2.7</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1442FCAD4B98" box="[797,864,1134,1157]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">2.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1442FBDC4B98" box="[974,1041,1134,1157]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">2.8</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1442FB0F4B98" box="[1151,1218,1134,1157]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17914B5FB0F4BAD" box="[267,1218,1177,1200]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17914B5FE324BAD" box="[267,511,1177,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">OD 5.8</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E14B5FD7D4BAD" box="[620,688,1177,1200]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">5.0</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F14B5FCAD4BAD" box="[797,864,1177,1200]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">4.6</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC14B5FBDC4BAD" box="[974,1041,1177,1200]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">4.9</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D14B5FB0F4BAD" box="[1151,1218,1177,1200]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17914E8FB0F4BC6" box="[267,1218,1220,1243]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17914E8FE324BC6" box="[267,511,1220,1243]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TL/SUL(Zw) 0.42</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E14E8FD7D4BC6" box="[620,688,1220,1243]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.40</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F14E8FCAD4BC6" box="[797,864,1220,1243]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.41</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC14E8FBDC4BC6" box="[974,1041,1220,1243]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.41</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D14E8FB0F4BC6" box="[1151,1218,1220,1243]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17914C2FB0F4A18" box="[267,1218,1262,1285]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17914C2FE324A18" box="[267,511,1262,1285]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TL/SUL(RG) 0.46</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E14C2FD7D4A18" box="[620,688,1262,1285]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.45</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F14C2FCAD4A18" box="[797,864,1262,1285]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.45</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC14C2FBDC4A18" box="[974,1041,1262,1285]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.44</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D14C2FB0F4A18" box="[1151,1218,1262,1285]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791535FB0F4A2D" box="[267,1218,1305,1328]" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791535FE324A2D" box="[267,511,1305,1328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TaL/SUL 0.33</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1535FD7D4A2D" box="[620,688,1305,1328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.29</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1535FCAD4A2D" box="[797,864,1305,1328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.30</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1535FBDC4A2D" box="[974,1041,1305,1328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.29</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1535FB0F4A2D" box="[1151,1218,1305,1328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791568FB0F4A46" box="[267,1218,1348,1371]" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791568FE324A46" box="[267,511,1348,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">T4D/SUL 0.033</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1568FD7D4A46" box="[620,688,1348,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.036</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1568FCAD4A46" box="[797,864,1348,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.028</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1568FBDC4A46" box="[974,1041,1348,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.027</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1568FB0F4A46" box="[1151,1218,1348,1371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.036</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791542FB0F4A98" box="[267,1218,1390,1413]" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791542FE324A98" box="[267,511,1390,1413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">T4D/F3D 1.75</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1542FD7D4A98" box="[620,688,1390,1413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.60</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1542FCAD4A98" box="[797,864,1390,1413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.50</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1542FBDC4A98" box="[974,1041,1390,1413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.50</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1542FB0F4A98" box="[1151,1218,1390,1413]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">2.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17915B5FB0F4AAD" box="[267,1218,1433,1456]" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17915B5FE324AAD" box="[267,511,1433,1456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">MTL/T1L 0.26</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E15B5FD7D4AAD" box="[620,688,1433,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.30</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F15B5FCAD4AAD" box="[797,864,1433,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.41</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC15B5FBDC4AAD" box="[974,1041,1433,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17915E8FB0F4AC6" box="[267,1218,1476,1499]" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17915E8FE324AC6" box="[267,511,1476,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">HL/SUL 0.27</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E15E8FD7D4AC6" box="[620,688,1476,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.29</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F15E8FCAD4AC6" box="[797,864,1476,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.30</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC15E8FBDC4AC6" box="[974,1041,1476,1499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.29</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D15E8FB0F4AC6" box="[1151,1218,1476,1499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17915C2FB0F4918" box="[267,1218,1518,1541]" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17915C2FE324918" box="[267,511,1518,1541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">HL/HW 0.73</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E15C2FD7D4918" box="[620,688,1518,1541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.83</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F15C2FCAD4918" box="[797,864,1518,1541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.83</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC15C2FBDC4918" box="[974,1041,1518,1541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.83</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D15C2FB0F4918" box="[1151,1218,1518,1541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791635FB0F492D" box="[267,1218,1561,1584]" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791635FE32492D" box="[267,511,1561,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">END/IND 0.94</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1635FD7D492D" box="[620,688,1561,1584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.20</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1635FCAD492D" box="[797,864,1561,1584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.20</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1635FBDC492D" box="[974,1041,1561,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.13</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1635FB0F492D" box="[1151,1218,1561,1584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">1.06</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791668FB0F4946" box="[267,1218,1604,1627]" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791668FE324946" box="[267,511,1604,1627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">ED/SUL 0.080</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1668FD7D4946" box="[620,688,1604,1627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.071</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1668FCAD4946" box="[797,864,1604,1627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.079</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1668FBDC4946" box="[974,1041,1604,1627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.081</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1668FB0F4946" box="[1151,1218,1604,1627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.073</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B1791642FB0F4998" box="[267,1218,1646,1669]" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B1791642FE324998" box="[267,511,1646,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">TyD/ED 0.88</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E1642FD7D4998" box="[620,688,1646,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.94</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F1642FCAD4998" box="[797,864,1646,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.88</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC1642FBDC4998" box="[974,1041,1646,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.78</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D1642FB0F4998" box="[1151,1218,1646,1669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.88</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17916B5FB0F49AD" box="[267,1218,1689,1712]" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17916B5FE3249AD" box="[267,511,1689,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">SL/SUL 0.13</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E16B5FD7D49AD" box="[620,688,1689,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.12</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F16B5FCAD49AD" box="[797,864,1689,1712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.13</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC16B5FBDC49AD" box="[974,1041,1689,1712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.13</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D16B5FB0F49AD" box="[1151,1218,1689,1712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC715B0068B17916E8FB0F49C6" box="[267,1218,1732,1755]" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
<th id="80595DD0715B0068B17916E8FE3249C6" box="[267,511,1732,1755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">OD/SUL 0.27</th>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B21E16E8FD7D49C6" box="[620,688,1732,1755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.22</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B36F16E8FCAD49C6" box="[797,864,1732,1755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.21</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B3BC16E8FBDC49C6" box="[974,1041,1732,1755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.22</td>
<td id="80595DD0715B0068B40D16E8FB0F49C6" box="[1151,1218,1732,1755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">0.22</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C76666715AFF9CB17A1603FE5C49BA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715AFF9CB17A1603FE5C49BA" blockId="11.[264,1323,1583,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715AFF9CB17A1603FE44495A" bold="true" box="[264,393,1583,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Skeletal elements of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715AFF9CB21F161CFC46495A" box="[621,907,1584,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715AFF9CB21F161CFC46495A" box="[621,907,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715AFF9CB3E3161CFC2E495A" box="[913,995,1584,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715AFF9BB14A16E3FC724CB0" blockId="11.[264,1323,1743,1888]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1323,284,941]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715AFF9CB14A16E3FD4149F4" bold="true" box="[312,652,1743,1769]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Osteological characteristics</emphasis>
(based on the cleared and double stained
<typeStatus id="A203884C715AFF9CB40D16FCFB2F49F7" box="[1151,1250,1744,1770]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
ZMB 69561). Most skull bones robust. Frontoparietals and nasals with a median suture and in close contact to one another; a large squamosal, its otic ramus strongly overlapping the crista parotica, anterior ends of maxillaries nearly meet (but do not fuse) in front of the premaxillaries (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715DFF9BB1B01130FDC04E2B" box="[450,525,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
a); dentary and angular bone strongly developed, anterior ends of dentaries left a wide chasm in front of the mentomeckelian bones, quadratojugal firmly attached to dentary. Prevomer and palatine fused to a vomeropalatine and in firm contact mesially with its neighbour, these vomeropalatines are strongly extended anteriorly and posteriorly and each bear a large posteriorly and inferiorly directed spike (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715DFF9BB4011196FB764EC9" box="[1139,1211,442,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
b). Hyoid plate with cartilaginous anterolateral and posterolateral processes and very long ossified posteromedial processes; the latter bear posteriorly directed processes in the middle of their anterior sides (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715DFF9BB1C0121CFE3A4D57" box="[434,503,560,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
c). Clavicles, procoracoids and omosternum absent. Coracoids strongly developed and fused to scapulae, their median ends much wider than the distal ones; sternum cartilaginous and with a wide xiphisternum (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715DFF9BB31F1253FC7E4D84" box="[877,947,639,665]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
d). Eight presacral vertebrae; the first with “unusually” long anterolateral processes; relative width of transverse processes: sacrum&gt;IV&gt;II&gt;V&gt;VI=VII=VIII; vertebrae I–IV with neural spines of different size, sacral diapophyses barely dilated. A bicondylar sacralurostyle articulation, ilia and urostyle with dorsal crests (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715DFF9BB1C31331FE364C2A" box="[433,507,797,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
e). Phalangeal formula of hand 2, 2, 3, 3, no intercalary structures, terminal phalanges end with no or only very small transverse processes. Prepollex cosists of two very small cartilaginous elements. The preparation has only one malformed foot, therefore no statements can be made concerning foot bones.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C76666715DFF9BB17A16B3FDCF49CB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173202/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[267,1319,987,1682]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715DFF9BB17A16B3FDCF49CB" blockId="12.[264,1322,1695,1750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715DFF9BB17A16B3FE4149AA" bold="true" box="[264,396,1695,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715DFF9BB27816B3FCE749AB" box="[522,810,1695,1718]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715DFF9BB27816B3FCE749AB" box="[522,810,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715DFF9BB34016B3FC4B49AB" box="[818,902,1695,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
at about 1000 m a.s.l. in the Amoman region of Yapen Island.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715DFF9AB14A172BFE194EE6" blockId="12.[264,1323,1799,1904]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1324,284,1060]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715DFF9BB14A172BFDF9483C" bold="true" box="[312,564,1799,1825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Habitat and habits.</emphasis>
All frogs were found near a road traversing a partly logged mossy rain forest at an altitude of about
<quantity id="BA409B0B715DFF9BB2861703FC824854" box="[756,847,1839,1865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715DFF9BB3D01703FC264854" box="[930,1003,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,987,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[267,1319,987,1683]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitat of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. at about 1000 m a. s. l. in the Amoman region of Yapen Island." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173202/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The frogs started calling during twilight and called with shorter or longer breaks until midnight. Their calling sites were in small holes
<quantity id="BA409B0B715CFF9AB2731130FDA64E2B" box="[513,619,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 cm</quantity>
below the surface, beneath trees or shrubs. Most animals occurred in loose groups. Minimal distance between two calling males was two meters. Interestingly, no antiphonal duets were heard (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB3821147FB284E99" box="[1008,1253,363,388]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB3821147FB284E99" box="[1008,1253,363,388]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB5711147FE474EB6" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB5711147FE474EB6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715CFF9AB1E911BEFE324EB1" box="[411,511,402,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lives syntopically with
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB34F11BEFBC54EB6" box="[829,1032,402,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varia">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB34F11BEFBC54EB6" box="[829,1032,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xenorhina varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB42E11BEFB254EB6" box="[1116,1256,402,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB42E11BEFB254EB6" box="[1116,1256,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Platymantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB17A1196FE7D4ECE" box="[264,432,442,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Choerophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB17A1196FE7D4ECE" box="[264,432,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Choerophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, four
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB18A1196FD494ECE" box="[504,644,442,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB18A1196FD494ECE" box="[504,644,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Oreophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB2B41196FC924ECE" box="[710,863,442,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB2B41196FC924ECE" box="[710,863,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Hylophorbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB3D21196FBA94ECE" box="[928,1124,442,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Austrochaperina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB3D21196FBA94ECE" box="[928,1124,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Austrochaperina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB4D71196FAE74ECE" box="[1189,1322,442,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB4D71196FAE74ECE" box="[1189,1322,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Cophixalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and three
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB10E11CDFE004EE7" box="[380,461,481,506]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB10E11CDFE004EE7" box="[380,461,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Litoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715CFF9AB14A1224FE6B4B39" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1060]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB14A1224FE1A4D3F" bold="true" box="[312,471,520,546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Vocalisation.</emphasis>
The advertisement calls consist of series of low pitched piping notes, very similar to the calls of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB207121DFCA24D57" box="[629,879,561,586]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB207121DFCA24D57" box="[629,879,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The apparently differences in the oscillograms and audiospectrograms, shown here (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715CFF9AB3271274FC534D6F" box="[853,926,600,626]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1517,1541]" captionTargetBox="[274,1315,1063,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1323,1056,1502]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oscillogram (a), audiospectrogram (b) and frequency spectrum (c) of series of four notes from Xenorhina bouwensi. The call was recorded in May 2000 in the Wodiwoi Mountains, the temperature during recording was 21 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173196/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Figs 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715CFF9AB3A41274FC2A4D6F" box="[982,999,600,626]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1612,1636]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,1106,1591]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,1106,1592]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Oscillogram (above) and audiospectrogram (below) of a series of four notes from Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. The call was recorded in July 2003 at a temperature of 19 ° C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173203/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">9</figureCitation>
), are obviously caused by a different recording situation. The note series lasted from a few seconds to more than one minute. Note rate was from 1.2 to 1.8 notes/s. We found note lengths from 84 to 172 ms (mean 121 ms, SD 26.2) and internote lengths from 397–896 ms. Note length as well as internote length varied significantly between various specimens. For example, average interval length in one specimen was 447 ms, in another it was 621 ms and in a third frog it was 696 ms. Interval length of the first frog was identical to that of a
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB44B1369FAE64C43" box="[1081,1323,837,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB44B1369FAE64C43" box="[1081,1323,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen from the Wondiwoi Mountains and note length of another specimen was also identical to that of a
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB18813B8FD5C4CB0" box="[506,657,916,941]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB18813B8FD5C4CB0" box="[506,657,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In general it can be stated that note and internote length of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB15A1397FE724CC9" box="[296,447,955,980]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB15A1397FE724CC9" box="[296,447,955,980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shorter than that of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB2A51397FC454CC9" box="[727,904,955,980]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB2A51397FC454CC9" box="[727,904,955,980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715CFF9AB3E21397FC274CC8" box="[912,1002,955,981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and note rate consequently is higher in the former. Dominant frequency was around 1.0 kHz (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715CFF9AB46613CEFBA64CE1" box="[1044,1131,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[264,368,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[460,1127,319,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[460,1128,319,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Frequency distribution of a note from the call shown partly on fig. 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173204/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), the same as in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB17A1426FE6D4B3E" box="[264,416,1034,1059]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB17A1426FE6D4B3E" box="[264,416,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="29C76666715CFF9AB17A1660FAC2499B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173203/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[265,1323,1106,1591]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715CFF9AB17A1660FAC2499B" blockId="13.[264,1323,1612,1670]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB17A1660FE424979" bold="true" box="[264,399,1612,1636]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Oscillogram (above) and audiospectrogram (below) of a series of four notes from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB17A1643FDEA499B" box="[264,551,1647,1670]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB17A1643FDEA499B" box="[264,551,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715CFF9AB25F1643FD4D499B" box="[557,640,1647,1670]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The call was recorded in July 2003 at a temperature of 19 °C
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="35A26565715CFF9AB14A169BFCB149CC" box="[312,892,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715CFF9AB14A169BFCB149CC" blockId="13.[264,1323,1719,1905]" box="[312,892,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB14A169BFE1549CC" bold="true" box="[312,472,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="A203884C715CFF9AB296169BFCDB49CC" box="[740,790,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35A26565715CFF86B14A16F3FCC14C7B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715CFF9AB14A16F3FBD6486C" blockId="13.[264,1323,1719,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB14A16F3FE0949E4" bold="true" box="[312,452,1759,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB2B116F3FC8849E5" box="[707,837,1759,1784]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB2B116F3FC8849E5" box="[707,837,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the hidden lifestyle of the new species. Lanthan is the root of the Greek verb lanthanein meaning hidden or to hide and –ites is the Greek suffix indicating “having the nature of”. The specific epithet is masculine and matches the generic name
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715CFF9AB29D177BFC6C486D" box="[751,929,1879,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715CFF9AB29D177BFC6C486D" box="[751,929,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in gender.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C76666715FFF99B17A166EFBB64944" box="[264,1147,1602,1626]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173204/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[460,1127,319,1576]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715FFF99B17A166EFBB64944" blockId="14.[264,1147,1602,1626]" box="[264,1147,1602,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715FFF99B17A166EFE5A4947" bold="true" box="[264,407,1602,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Frequency distribution of a note from the call shown partly on fig. 9.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715FFF98B14A16A6FE0E4E2B" blockId="14.[264,1324,1674,1901]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1325,284,1900]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715FFF99B14A16A6FDD149B9" bold="true" box="[312,540,1674,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Molecular results.</emphasis>
The amplified fragments of the partial mt 12S rRNA gene had a length of 650 bp in some samples but “only” 350 bp in others. Sequences of 350 bp of the following specimens were compared: Four specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715FFF99B3A816F7FB1E49E9" box="[986,1235,1755,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715FFF99B3A816F7FB1E49E9" box="[986,1235,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 62638, 6513840), one specimen each of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715FFF99B37D172FFC0E4801" box="[783,963,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715FFF99B37D172FFC0E4801" box="[783,963,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Xr. oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 69652) and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715FFF99B4CC172FFAE64801" box="[1214,1323,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varia">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715FFF99B4CC172FFAE64801" box="[1214,1323,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Xr. varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 65136), and two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715FFF99B2A71707FBDE4859" box="[725,1043,1835,1860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715FFF99B2A71707FBDE4859" box="[725,1043,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715FFF99B46F1707FBB14858" box="[1053,1148,1835,1861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZMB 69559, 69561). Uncorrected genetic distances (‘pdistances’) between the different sequences are listed in table 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715EFF98B14A1168FB744EB3" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
Intraspecific genetic distances are much lower in comparison with interspecific distances. The genetic distances between the different species lie within a range of 4.5 % to 13 % with
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B1D411B8FDC04EB0" box="[422,525,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varia">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B1D411B8FDC04EB0" box="[422,525,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xr. varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B23711B8FD3E4EB0" box="[581,755,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B23711B8FD3E4EB0" box="[581,755,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xr. oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing the closest genetic similarity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715EFF98B14A1197FC224A8D" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B14A1197FD0F4EC8" bold="true" box="[312,706,443,469]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
Overall habitus and presence of toothlike spikes on the vomeropalatines (
<figureCitation id="E5832A6B715EFF98B25E11C8FD4C4EE3" box="[556,641,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[312,1274,322,1559]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeletal elements of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. (ZMB 69561). a—dorsal view of the skull; b—ventral view of the skull; c—ventral view of the hyoid apparatus; d—ventral view of the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle; e—dorsal view of the vertebral column, ilia, urostyle and ischium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173201/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
b) clearly allocates the new species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B17A1220FE744D38" box="[264,441,524,549]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B17A1220FE744D38" box="[264,441,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adult specimens of most of the 18 known species of this genus have a SVL of more than
<quantity id="BA409B0B715EFF98B19A121FFDF64D50" box="[488,571,563,589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="19294B1F715EFF98B239121FFD234D50" author="Zweifel" box="[587,750,563,589]" pageId="15" pageNumber="57" refString="Zweifel, R. G. (1972) Results of the Archbold expeditions. No. 97. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryinae Family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 148, 413 - 546." type="journal article" year="1972">Zweifel 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="19294B1F715EFF98B289121FFBC44D50" author="Menzies" box="[763,1033,563,589]" pageId="15" pageNumber="57" refString="Menzies, J. I. &amp; Tyler, M. J. (1977) The systematics and adaptations of some Papuan microhylid frogs which live underground. Journal of Zoology, Lond. 183, 431 - 464." type="journal article" year="1977">Menzies &amp; Tyler 1977</bibRefCitation>
, Blum &amp; Menzies 1989,
<bibRefCitation id="19294B1F715EFF98B17A1277FDDD4D68" author="Kraus" box="[264,528,603,629]" pageId="15" pageNumber="57" refString="Kraus, F. &amp; Allison, A. (2002) A new species of Xenobatrachus (Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Papua New Guinea. Herpetologica, 58, 56 - 66." type="journal article" year="2002">Kraus &amp; Allison 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Of the smaller species,
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B3491277FC154D69" box="[827,984,603,628]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophiodon">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B3491277FC154D69" box="[827,984,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. ophiodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B46C1277FAE64D69" box="[1054,1323,603,628]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B46C1277FAE64D69" box="[1054,1323,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(van Kampen) have two instead of one spike on each vomeropalatine. Differences to
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B17A1287FDD74DD9" box="[264,538,683,708]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anorbis">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B17A1287FDD74DD9" box="[264,538,683,708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus anorbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were pointed out in the paragraph “Diagnosis”.
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B4231287FACF4DD9" box="[1105,1282,683,708]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B4231287FACF4DD9" box="[1105,1282,683,708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B57B1286FEF74DF1" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B1AE12FEFBE94DF1" authority="Blum &amp; Menzies" authorityName="Blum &amp; Menzies" box="[476,1060,722,748]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schiefenhoeveli">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B1AE12FEFC814DF6" box="[476,844,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus schiefenhoeveli</emphasis>
Blum &amp; Menzies
</taxonomicName>
by longer tibiae (TL/ SUL(Zw) 0.40–0.42 vs. 0.31–0.36) and larger eyes (ED/SUL 0.071–0.081 vs. 0.065–0.074), moreover, the latter occurs in open grassland and never in forests (Blum &amp; Menzies 1988); from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B26A1365FBDA4C7E" authority="Blum &amp; Menzies" authorityName="Blum &amp; Menzies" box="[536,1047,841,867]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumulus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B26A1365FCF94C7F" box="[536,820,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus tumulus</emphasis>
Blum &amp; Menzies
</taxonomicName>
by longer tibiae (TL/ SUL(Zw) 0.40–0.42 vs 0.38–0.39), larger eyes (ED/SUL 0.071–0.081 vs. 0.058–0.074) and a different ratio
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B18513B5FDFE4CAE" box="[503,563,921,947]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">END</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B24E13B5FDBD4CAE" box="[572,624,921,947]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">IND</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="BA409B0B715EFF98B20D13B5FCD84CAE" box="[639,789,921,947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7177999999999995" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.3876" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="in" value="1.0699999999999998" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.94">0.94–1.20 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B36E13B5FC034CAF" box="[796,974,921,946]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B36E13B5FC034CAF" box="[796,974,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B3A713B5FBFD4CAE" box="[981,1072,921,947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<quantity id="BA409B0B715EFF98B41A13B5FB364CAE" box="[1128,1275,921,947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0353000000000003" metricValueMax="3.2512000000000003" metricValueMin="2.8194000000000004" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="in" value="1.195" valueMax="1.28" valueMin="1.11">1.11–1.28 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B57113B5FEA94CC7" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumulus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B57113B5FEA94CC7" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. tumulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); moreover, advertisement calls of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B37813EDFC554CC7" box="[778,920,961,986]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumulus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B37813EDFC554CC7" box="[778,920,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. tumulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consist of less than 20 notes with note lengths of 60–70 ms, whereas calls of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B37E13C4FC734B1C" box="[780,958,1000,1025]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B37E13C4FC734B1C" box="[780,958,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B3B413C4FBEF4B1F" box="[966,1058,1000,1026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have much more than 20 notes and note duration is 100 ms or more.
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B3F8143CFB884B34" box="[906,1093,1040,1065]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B3F8143CFB884B34" box="[906,1093,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B424143CFB774B37" box="[1110,1210,1040,1066]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B19D1414FC5F4B4F" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[495,914,1080,1106]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mehely">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B19D1414FD364B4C" box="[495,763,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus mehely</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
mainly by its smaller size and the ratio
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B13F1473FE444B64" box="[333,393,1119,1145]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">END</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B1E01473FE084B64" box="[402,453,1119,1145]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">IND</collectingCountry>
(mean in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B224144CFD2D4B64" box="[598,736,1120,1145]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mehely">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B224144CFD2D4B64" box="[598,736,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. mehely</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1.31 according to
<bibRefCitation id="19294B1F715EFF98B3AC1473FB404B64" author="Zweifel" box="[990,1165,1119,1145]" pageId="15" pageNumber="57" refString="Zweifel, R. G. (1972) Results of the Archbold expeditions. No. 97. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryinae Family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 148, 413 - 546." type="journal article" year="1972">Zweifel, 1972</bibRefCitation>
, and in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B571144CFE474BBC" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B571144CFE474BBC" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B1E014ABFE214BBC" box="[402,492,1159,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
1.11). Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B2CD14A4FC8C4BBC" box="[703,833,1160,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mehely">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B2CD14A4FC8C4BBC" box="[703,833,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. mehely</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
calls contain less than 20 notes, internote intervals last about 1500 ms and note repetition rate is less than one per second (Blum &amp; Menzies 1988). Recall that
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B22014FBFCCB4BED" box="[594,774,1239,1264]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B22014FBFCCB4BED" box="[594,774,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B37C14FBFCA64BEC" box="[782,875,1239,1265]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
utters much more notes per call with internote intervals of less than 800 ms and a note repetition rate of 1–2/s.
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B40B14D3FDA84A5D" authority="Menzies &amp; Tyler" authorityName="Menzies &amp; Tyler" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcroceus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B40B14D3FE464A22" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenobatrachus subcroceus</emphasis>
Menzies &amp; Tyler
</taxonomicName>
measures from
<quantity id="BA409B0B715EFF98B35D150AFC134A5D" box="[815,990,1318,1344]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" metricValueMax="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMin="3.05" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="31.9" valueMax="33.3" valueMin="30.5">30.5–33.3 mm</quantity>
SVL (n=7) and thus has a much greater body size than
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B2161562FCDA4A7A" box="[612,791,1358,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B2161562FCDA4A7A" box="[612,791,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B3521562FCB14A7A" box="[800,892,1358,1384]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Most data on the compared species were obtained from the papers of the abovementioned authors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE715EFF87B14A15B1FD534EE2" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1900]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1325,284,670]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
As already pointed out, the new species has great similarities in external morphology, anatomy, ecology and advertisement calls to
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B36C15E9FBDC4AC3" box="[798,1041,1477,1502]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B36C15E9FBDC4AC3" box="[798,1041,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species could easily be confused at first glance. The best diagnostic trait to distinguish them is the presence of vomeropalatine spikes in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B2AF1639FC5F4933" box="[733,914,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B2AF1639FC5F4933" box="[733,914,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B3EF1638FC364933" box="[925,1019,1556,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
which are lacking in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B57B1639FEBA4948" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B57B1639FEBA4948" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other differences are in body size, in the ratios
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B3C51610FC3E494B" box="[951,1011,1596,1622]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">END</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B38E1610FBFD494B" box="[1020,1072,1596,1622]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">IND</collectingCountry>
and T4D/F3D and in some call characteristics.
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B2461648FD284960" box="[564,741,1636,1661]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B2461648FD284960" box="[564,741,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B29E1648FC8B4963" box="[748,838,1636,1662]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is significantly larger than
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B4F71648FAEE4960" box="[1157,1315,1636,1661]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B4F71648FAEE4960" box="[1157,1315,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: SUL of the former ranges from
<quantity id="BA409B0B715EFF98B2E216A0FCF349BB" box="[656,830,1676,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.185" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="21.85" valueMax="22.4" valueMin="21.3">21.3–22.4 mm</quantity>
(n=5) and that of the latter (n=13) from 16.0–22.0 mm (tvalue of the means after Student 3.67, p=0.002). The ratio
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B4E5169FFB1E49D0" box="[1175,1235,1715,1741]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">END</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="05AF767E715EFF98B4AE169FFADD49D0" box="[1244,1296,1715,1741]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">IND</collectingCountry>
is in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B15A16F7FE0C49E9" box="[296,449,1755,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B15A16F7FE0C49E9" box="[296,449,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1.1–1.7 (mean 1.34) and that of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B32316F7FBC949E9" box="[849,1028,1755,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B32316F7FBC949E9" box="[849,1028,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B47C16F7FBA749E8" box="[1038,1130,1755,1781]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is from 0.9–1.2 (mean 1.11) (tvalue 2.74, p=0.0073). The ratio T4D/F3D is in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B397172FFBB14801" box="[997,1148,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B397172FFBB14801" box="[997,1148,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1.7–2.7 (mean 2.01) and that of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B19B1707FD6D4859" box="[489,672,1835,1860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B19B1707FD6D4859" box="[489,672,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF5787715EFF98B2DF1706FCC34859" box="[685,782,1834,1860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is from 1.5–2.0 (mean 1.67) (tvalue 2.74, p=0.0075).
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D715EFF98B1E0177FFDE74871" box="[402,554,1875,1900]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC715EFF98B1E0177FFDE74871" box="[402,554,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a note repetition rate of 1.5–3.2 (mean 1.95) per second and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B17A1130FE714E28" box="[264,444,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B17A1130FE714E28" box="[264,444,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B1B41130FDE94E2B" box="[454,548,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a rate of 1.2–1.8 (mean 1.41) (tvalue 2.80, p=0.0078). The length of 115 notes from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B25C1168FD084E40" box="[558,709,324,349]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B25C1168FD084E40" box="[558,709,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
varied from 79–104 ms (mean 89 ms) and that of 52 notes from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B1FF1140FDF34E98" box="[397,574,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B1FF1140FDF34E98" box="[397,574,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B2341147FD6D4E98" box="[582,672,363,389]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
ranged between 84 and 172 ms (mean 121 ms) (tvalue 12.36, p=2.4
<date id="0906102E7141FF87B1DE11BAFE354EBC" box="[428,504,403,432]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" value="1910-10-07">X 107</date>
). 40 internote intervals from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B31411BAFBCF4EB2" box="[870,1026,406,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B31411BAFBCF4EB2" box="[870,1026,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were from 397–598 ms (mean 447 ms) and 35 internote intervals from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B35F1192FC134ECA" box="[813,990,446,471]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B35F1192FC134ECA" box="[813,990,446,471]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B3961192FBF34EC5" box="[996,1086,446,472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were from 480–797 ms (mean 621 ms) (tvalue 11.27).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B14A1221FBA54D83" blockId="16.[264,1325,284,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
There are some more minor differences between
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B3D21222FB9A4D3A" box="[928,1111,526,551]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B3D21222FB9A4D3A" box="[928,1111,526,551]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B4161221FB084D3A" box="[1124,1221,525,551]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B57B1222FEBA4D53" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B57B1222FEBA4D53" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: fingers and toes of the former are wider and have a better developed callus internus,
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B10E1271FDD14D6B" box="[380,540,605,630]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B10E1271FDD14D6B" box="[380,540,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two short longitudinal skin ridges in the shoulder region (lacking in
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B1FF12A9FDF24D83" box="[397,575,645,670]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B1FF12A9FDF24D83" box="[397,575,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B23412A8FD6D4D83" box="[582,672,644,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), and its skeleton is more lightlybuilt.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29C766667141FF87B17A12F8FCE64C0E" ID-Table-UUID="29C766667141FF87B17A12F8FCE64C0E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29C766667141FF87B17A12F8FCE64C0E" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[267,1301,820,1195]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B17A12F8FCE64C0E" blockId="16.[264,1323,724,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B17A12F8FEBB4DF0" bold="true" box="[264,374,724,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">TABLE 3</emphasis>
. Uncorrected genetic distances (“pdistances”) between the sequences of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B4FB12FAFEB34C0E" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B4FB12FAFEB34C0E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B1F712D0FE154C0E" box="[389,472,764,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and various
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B21212D0FD1D4C0E" box="[608,720,764,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B21212D0FD1D4C0E" box="[608,720,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B23F1318FB3D4B95" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<table id="0FB8C44E71410068B1791318FAD84BB6" box="[267,1301,820,1195]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B23F1318FBEF4C6B" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B1791318FAD84C56" box="[267,1301,820,843]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="80595DD071410068B23F1318FD254C56" box="[589,744,820,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B23F1318FD704C56" box="[589,701,820,843]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Xenorhina</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="80595DD071410068B4341318FAD84C56" box="[1094,1301,820,843]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B4341318FB254C56" box="[1094,1256,820,843]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B4341318FB254C56" box="[1094,1256,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B1791372FAD84C6B" box="[267,1301,862,886]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="80595DD071410068B23F1372FD254C6B" box="[589,744,862,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B23F1373FD7F4C6B" box="[589,690,863,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B23F1373FD7F4C6B" box="[589,690,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B3241372FC1D4C6B" box="[854,976,862,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B3241373FC1D4C6B" box="[854,976,863,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B3241373FC1D4C6B" box="[854,976,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B3981372FBE04C6B" box="[1002,1069,862,886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B3981373FBEF4C6B" box="[1002,1058,863,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varia">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B3981373FBEF4C6B" box="[1002,1058,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B4341372FAD84C6B" box="[1094,1301,862,886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B4341373FB714C6B" box="[1094,1212,863,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B4341373FB714C6B" box="[1094,1212,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B4B11372FAD84C68" box="[1219,1301,862,885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B17913A5FAD84CDE" box="[267,1301,905,963]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="80595DD071410068B17913A5FEB64CDE" box="[267,379,905,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B17913A6FEB64CBC" box="[267,379,906,929]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B17913A6FEB64CBC" box="[267,379,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="80595DD071410068B23F13A5FD254CDE" box="[589,744,905,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB ZMB 65138 65139</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B28F13A5FC8D4CDE" box="[765,832,905,963]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 65140</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B32413A5FC1D4CDE" box="[854,976,905,963]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 69652</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B39813A5FBE04CDE" box="[1002,1069,905,963]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 65136</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B43413A5FAD84CDE" box="[1094,1301,905,963]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB ZMB 69559 69561</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B17913FAFAD84B0D" box="[267,1301,982,1040]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<th id="80595DD071410068B17913FAFEB64B0D" box="[267,379,982,1040]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B17913FBFEBD4CF3" box="[267,368,983,1006]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B17913FBFEBD4CF3" box="[267,368,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="80595DD071410068B18113FAFDFB4B0D" box="[499,566,982,1040]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 62638</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B23F13FAFD254B0D" box="[589,744,982,1040]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">&lt;3 % &lt;3 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B28F13FAFC8D4B0D" box="[765,832,982,1040]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">&lt;3 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B32413FAFC1D4B0D" box="[854,976,982,1040]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B39813FAFBE04B0D" box="[1002,1069,982,1040]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">12 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B43413FAFAD84B0D" box="[1094,1301,982,1040]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 % 13 %</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B1791408FAD84B40" box="[267,1301,1060,1117]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="80595DD071410068B1811408FDFB4B40" box="[499,566,1060,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 65138</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B23F1408FD254B40" box="[589,744,1060,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">&lt;3%</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B28F1408FC8D4B40" box="[765,832,1060,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">&lt;3 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B3241408FC1D4B40" box="[854,976,1060,1117]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B3981408FBE04B40" box="[1002,1069,1060,1117]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">12 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B4341408FAD84B40" box="[1094,1301,1060,1117]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 % 13 %</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B179145DFAD84BB6" box="[267,1301,1137,1195]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="80595DD071410068B181145DFDFB4BB6" box="[499,566,1137,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 65139</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B28F145DFC8D4BB6" box="[765,832,1137,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">&lt;3 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B324145DFC1D4BB6" box="[854,976,1137,1195]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B398145DFBE04BB6" box="[1002,1069,1137,1195]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">12 %</td>
<td id="80595DD071410068B434145DFAD84BB6" box="[1094,1301,1137,1195]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 % 13 %</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B1811492FB3A4AA0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<table id="0FB8C44E71410068B1791492FAD84AFC" box="[267,1301,1214,1505]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B1791492FAD84BE5" box="[267,1301,1214,1272]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<th id="80595DD071410068B1791492FDFB4BE5" box="[267,566,1214,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">ZMB 65140</th>
<th id="80595DD071410068B3241492FC404BE5" box="[854,909,1214,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">13 %</th>
<th id="80595DD071410068B3981492FAD84BE5" box="[1002,1301,1214,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">12 % 12 % 12 %</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B1791520FAD84A58" box="[267,1301,1292,1349]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="80595DD071410068B1791520FDFB4A58" box="[267,566,1292,1349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B1791520FE484A3E" box="[267,389,1292,1315]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B1791520FE484A3E" box="[267,389,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ZMB 69136
</th>
<td id="80595DD071410068B3981520FAD84A58" box="[1002,1301,1292,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">4.5 % 13 % 13 %</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B1791575FAD84A8E" box="[267,1301,1369,1427]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="80595DD071410068B1791575FDFB4A8E" box="[267,566,1369,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B1791576FE8E4A6C" box="[267,323,1370,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varia">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B1791576FE8E4A6C" box="[267,323,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ZMB 69652
</th>
<td id="80595DD071410068B3981575FAD84A8E" box="[1002,1301,1369,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">12 % 12 %</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C38834AC71410068B179158AFAD84AFC" box="[267,1301,1446,1505]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="80595DD071410068B179158AFDFB4AFC" box="[267,566,1446,1505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B179158BFE614AA3" box="[267,428,1447,1470]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B179158BFE614AA3" box="[267,428,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ZMB
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B17915E6FE4C4AFC" box="[267,385,1482,1505]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B17915E6FE4C4AFC" box="[267,385,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B1FA15E5FE174AFD" box="[392,474,1481,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
69559
</th>
<td id="80595DD071410068B398158AFAD84AFC" box="[1002,1301,1446,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">0.0 %</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B14A163AFD5C499C" blockId="16.[264,1323,1558,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B14A163AFD8D492D" bold="true" box="[312,576,1558,1584]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Concluding remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B23A163BFC4E492D" box="[584,899,1559,1584]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B23A163BFC4E492D" box="[584,899,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenobatrachus lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877141FF87B3F8163BFC28492C" box="[906,997,1559,1585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
exhibits greater similarities in external morphology, anatomy, ecology and behaviour to
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B3A91613FB024945" box="[987,1231,1599,1624]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B3A91613FB024945" box="[987,1231,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenorhina bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to any species within its own genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B14A16A3FB414854" blockId="16.[264,1323,1558,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
The only remarkable anatomical trait to distinguish between both species and the genera
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B112169BFDDC49CD" box="[352,529,1719,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B112169BFDDC49CD" box="[352,529,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B23C169BFD0449CD" box="[590,713,1719,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B23C169BFD0449CD" box="[590,713,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the presence of toothlike spikes on the vomeropalatine in the former. This fact was also stressed by
<bibRefCitation id="19294B1F7141FF87B3FB16F3FBF349E4" author="Zweifel" box="[905,1086,1759,1785]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" refString="Zweifel, R. G. (1972) Results of the Archbold expeditions. No. 97. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryinae Family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 148, 413 - 546." type="journal article" year="1972">Zweifel (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, Burton (1986) and Menzies &amp; Blum (1989). The question arose whether both genera should be maintained or whether
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B11C1703FDD24855" box="[366,543,1839,1864]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B11C1703FDD24855" box="[366,543,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be treated as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7141FF87B4781703FB484855" box="[1034,1157,1839,1864]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7141FF87B4781703FB484855" box="[1034,1157,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7141FF87B14A177BFAE6486C" blockId="16.[264,1323,1558,1905]" box="[312,1323,1879,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">We tried to help solve this question by means of molecular investigations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D0736EE7140FF86B17A1130FCC14C7B" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">
Comparisons of sequences of 350 bp of the mt 12S rRNA gene from
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B43E1130FACD4E28" box="[1100,1280,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B43E1130FACD4E28" box="[1100,1280,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877140FF86B57B1130FEF74E43" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and three species of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B2451168FD7F4E40" box="[567,690,324,349]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B2451168FD7F4E40" box="[567,690,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a great genetic distance (13 %) between
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B5711168FE474E98" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B5711168FE474E98" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877140FF86B1E71140FE3F4E9B" box="[405,498,364,390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B2401140FD004E98" box="[562,717,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B2401140FD004E98" box="[562,717,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(it should be stressed here that our studies of the same sequences in the welldifferentiated European brown frogs
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B47311B8FB344EB3" authority="Nilsson" authorityName="Nilsson" box="[1025,1273,404,430]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B47311B8FB554EB0" box="[1025,1176,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Rana arvalis</emphasis>
Nilsson
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B17A1190FD8D4ECB" authority="Fitzinger" authorityName="Fitzinger" box="[264,576,444,470]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dalmatina">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B17A1190FE044EC8" box="[264,457,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Rana dalmatina</emphasis>
Fitzinger
</taxonomicName>
led to a genetic distance of “only” 4 %). However, genetic distances between
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B19B11C8FD494EE0" box="[489,644,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B19B11C8FD494EE0" box="[489,644,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B2B011C8FCB94EE0" box="[706,884,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B2B011C8FCB94EE0" box="[706,884,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xr. oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B38C11C8FBA54EE0" box="[1022,1128,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varia">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B38C11C8FBA54EE0" box="[1022,1128,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xr. varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are of a similar level (
<tableCitation id="303A03557140FF86B1111220FE704D3B" box="[355,445,524,550]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,354,724,750]" captionTargetBox="[267,1301,820,1195]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 3. Uncorrected genetic distances (“ pdistances ”) between the sequences of Xenobatrachus lanthanites sp. nov. and various Xenorhina species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29C766667141FF87B17A12F8FCE64C0E" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="29C766667141FF87B17A12F8FCE64C0E">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Considering these biochemical results, it would be premature to synonymize
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B1D01218FD9E4D50" box="[418,595,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B1D01218FD9E4D50" box="[418,595,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B2ED1218FCD74D50" box="[671,794,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B2ED1218FCD74D50" box="[671,794,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast, the overall similarities of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B5711218FE474D68" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B5711218FE474D68" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xb. lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54FF57877140FF86B1E61270FE3F4D6B" box="[404,498,604,630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B2431270FD014D68" box="[561,716,604,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouwensi">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B2431270FD014D68" box="[561,716,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xr. bouwensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the light of genetic studies seem more likely a result of parallel evolution than of “true” kinship. Both species match the criteria of “sibling species” as expressed by Mayr (1975), but they are probably not sister taxa in terms of phylogentic systematics. More detailed biochemical studies (investigations of longer sequences of various genes of more species in both genera) and investigations of other characteristics are necessary to solve the problem whether
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B4721308FB7C4C20" box="[1024,1201,804,829]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B4721308FB7C4C20" box="[1024,1201,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xenobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="BAB84D6D7140FF86B2F81360FCC84C78" box="[650,773,844,869]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FCCEAFC7140FF86B2F81360FCC84C78" box="[650,773,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>