185 lines
20 KiB
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185 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b2a81dd-d9c7-4fb8-b370-de5ccd8e868d" ID-PMC="PMC4714327" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-543-1" ID-PubMed="26798286" ID-ZBK="4E2375F0A3824F3CB7A4DCC5148A67B0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-543-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 543" ModsDocTitle="Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution" checkinTime="1451243644414" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sarnat, Eli M., Fischer, Georg, Guenard, Benoit & Economo, Evan P." docDate="2015" docId="D3A294CE7E42819D4D24ECC9E6A913CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 543: 1-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 543" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" docTitle="Pheidole punctatissima Mayr" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFA8D443FFA05A6960070473FFDEFF83" masterDocTitle="Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1668162291239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sarnat, Eli M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fischer, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Guenard, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>543</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>109</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-543-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">4E2375F0A3824F3CB7A4DCC5148A67B0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4E2375F0A3824F3CB7A4DCC5148A67B0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127872340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A294CE7E42819D4D24ECC9E6A913CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3A294CE7E42819D4D24ECC9E6A913CF" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima Mayr</taxonomicName>
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Figs 85, 88M
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">Pheidole</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="punctatissima" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse Abteilung I" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="370 - 417" title="Formicidae novogranadenses." volume="61" year="1870 a">Mayr 1870a</bibRefCitation>
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: 400 (s.w.) MEXICO (E. Norton) [NHMW]. Description of queen:
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="35 - 72" title="Fourmis de Costa-Rica recoltees par M. Paul Biolley." volume="44" year="1908">Forel 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 52. Lectotype (major worker, CASENT0601256) designated:
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<bibRefCitation author="Longino, JT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="34 - 42" title="Pheidolebilimeki reconsidered (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="1985" year="2009">Longino and Cox 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 41. See also:
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, EO" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" title="Pheidole of the New World: A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." year="2003">Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 618.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="napaea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="napaea">napaea</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsp." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="punctatissima" subspecies="napaea">Pheidole punctatissima subsp. napaea</taxonomicName>
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Wheeler, W.M. 1934: 165 (s.w.) MEXICO, Mirador, Veracruz (E. Skwarra). Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="punctatissima" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Brown, WL Jr" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="523 - 530" title="Preliminary contributions toward a revision of the ant genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I." volume="54" year="1981">Brown 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 525.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis among introduced">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Diagnosis among introduced
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Body reddish brown to nearly black. MajorHW 0.86-1.06, HL 0.94-1.13, SL 0.56-0.63, CI 92-97, SI 57-68 (n=9, Longino pers. comm.). Head bicolored with the yellowish posterior two-thirds contrasting with the darker brown anterior third and rest of body (Fig. 34). Head subquadrate (Fig. 7); often entirely foveolate (Fig. 11), but portions of posterolateral lobes can be glossy. Posterolateral lobes never with distinct rugae. Promesonotum in profile forming a single dome (Fig. 4), lacking a distinct mound or prominence on the posterior slope. Promesonotal dorsum usually foveolate and never with distinct transverse striae. Postpetiole not swollen relative to petiole (Fig. 3). Postpetiole relatively broad; distinctly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">more</pageBreakToken>
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than 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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petiolar width in dorsal view (Fig. 31). Gaster with at least anterior 1/3 of first tergite matte (Fig. 33). MinorHW 0.44-0.50, HL 0.54-0.59. SL 0.55-0.58, CI 79-85, SI 114-125 (n=14, Longino pers. comm.). Head, including the area mesad of the frontal carinae, entirely covered by reticulated network of punctures (Fig. 37). Posterior head margin relatively narrow (Fig. 58). Antennal scapes lack standing hairs (Fig. 55); scapes surpass posterior head margin by a distance equal to or greater than eye (Fig. 40); scapes relatively long (SI 103-125). Promesonotum in profile forming a single dome (Fig. 42), lacking a distinct mound or prominence on the posterior slope. Hairs on mesosoma stout, stiff, of equal length and arranged in pairs (Fig. 53). Postpetiole not swollen relative to petiole (Fig. 3). Postpetiole broad in dorsal view, distinctly broader than petiole (Fig. 62). Gaster with at least anterior 1/3 of first tergite matte (Fig. 33).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="identification, taxonomy and systematics">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Identification, taxonomy and systematics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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is a small species with entirely punctate minor workers that are usually dark red brown to nearly black. The major workers are easily recognizable by the distinct bicolored head which is dark anteriorly and yellowish white posteriorly.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the Neotropical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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clade, together with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole anastasii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anastasii">Pheidole anastasii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bilimeki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilimeki">Pheidole bilimeki</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Economo, EP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Global phylogenetic structure of the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole reveals the repeated evolution of macroecological patterns." volume="282" year="2015">Economo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Among species treated here, it is easily confused with the aforementioned and with members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole flavens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavens">Pheidole flavens</taxonomicName>
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complex. Minor workers can also be confused with those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole parva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Pheidole parva</taxonomicName>
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. Within the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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clade, the major workers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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are immediately distinguished from those of both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole anastasii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anastasii">Pheidole anastasii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bilimeki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilimeki">Pheidole bilimeki</taxonomicName>
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by their bicolored heads (Fig. 33). The minor workers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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tend to have relatively narrower posterior head margins and longer antennal scapes than those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole anastasii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anastasii">Pheidole anastasii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bilimeki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilimeki">Pheidole bilimeki</taxonomicName>
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, but separation can be difficult. See section under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole anastasii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anastasii">Pheidole anastasii</taxonomicName>
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for identification notes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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is a weedy species that tends to be arboreal and prefers open, disturbed habitat (
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<bibRefCitation author="Longino, JT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="34 - 42" title="Pheidolebilimeki reconsidered (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="1985" year="2009">Longino and Cox 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). It is most commonly found nesting in dead wood on the ground or in dead tree branches.
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, EO" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" title="Pheidole of the New World: A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." year="2003">Wilson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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reported winged reproductives were found in nests during April and July. Specimen records retrieved from Antweb.org indicate the species was collected from 10-2500 m elevation (570 m average).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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has also managed to establish indoors in several European countries. Colonies were found in Denmark infesting a hospital and in Norway inhabiting private homes and a nursing home (
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<bibRefCitation author="Birkemoe, T" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="45 - 47" title="Indoor infestations of two imported ant species (Pheidoleanastasii Mayr, 1870 and Pheidolepunctatissima Emery, 1896) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Norway." volume="55" year="2008">Birkemoe and Aak 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Birkemoe, T" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="45 - 47" title="Indoor infestations of two imported ant species (Pheidoleanastasii Mayr, 1870 and Pheidolepunctatissima Emery, 1896) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Norway." volume="55" year="2008">Birkemoe and Aak (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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speculated that the species was inadvertently imported along with nursery plants.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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is considered here as broadly native to the Neotropics from southern Mexico to northern South America. We tentatively treat the Caribbean records as native but these might represent more recent human-mediated dispersal events. The records from southern Brazil, reported at least in part from 10 different urban centers (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lutinski, JA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica, Campinas" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="332 - 342" title="Urban ant diversity (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in ten cities of southern Brazil." url="10.1590/S1676-06032013000300033" volume="13" year="2013">Lutinski et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), have not been verified with specimen examination. Should the records refer to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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Mayr and not one of its many morphologically similar congeners we would consider this to be an introduced population. Indoor colonies were found in Denmark and Norway (
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<bibRefCitation author="Birkemoe, T" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="45 - 47" title="Indoor infestations of two imported ant species (Pheidoleanastasii Mayr, 1870 and Pheidolepunctatissima Emery, 1896) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Norway." volume="55" year="2008">Birkemoe and Aak 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="risk statement">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Risk statement.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole punctatissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">Pheidole punctatissima</taxonomicName>
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is considered a nuisance pest that can infest structures both in its native and introduced ranges (
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<bibRefCitation author="Longino, JT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="34 - 42" title="Pheidolebilimeki reconsidered (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="1985" year="2009">Longino and Cox 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). The presence of this species in hospitals and nursing homes suggest it could be a potential nuisance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |