301 lines
44 KiB
XML
301 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="2597E55A9CDFAA3B978496E18D59C021" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2377336" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758076" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726223167086" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Itaru, Sonoyama, Takayuki, Hibino, Mai, Kawano, Mitsuhisa & Kohtsuka, Hisanori" docDate="2024" docId="03A3730A852BFFBCFE07C8FBFF043CD9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.25-28.949-964.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (25 - 28)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2377336" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paragonaster obtusus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="955" masterDocId="FF9A0B72852EFFB4FFADCD42FFEC3C34" masterDocTitle="Pseudarchasteridae (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) in Japanese waters, with description of a new species and range extension of three species" masterLastPageNumber="964" masterPageNumber="949" pageNumber="953" updateTime="1726223585582" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="734E948445B7C0BFBE35EE2836D11BD8">Pseudarchasteridae (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) in Japanese waters, with description of a new species and range extension of three species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="400FC4AB9B19DA26B22409B16DD0C3C6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6DC91D4EADF6B1E434DF4292DA2750F1">Kobayashi, Itaru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8044FF4C381D851F5824D448DBFA2691">Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4AEE63AEADECB11869E21F67AFFFD670">Sonoyama, Takayuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="345C5B12BAD1B610CC262FC81AD15EBB">Enoshima Aquarium, Kanagawa, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4C840EF38B100A57553F4EFF68F34126">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1787DC1DEADD268936C9309D7514DA87">Hibino, Mai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C387F1287F4ABA800DE7B5818AC47869">Marine Science Museum, Fukushima Prefecture, Aquamarine Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="719D3063209DC0C15465593FDF2B027C">Kawano, Mitsuhisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DF4FDD6D6137D7CEFE16835B03B70A0E">Japan Sea Division, Yamaguchi Prefectural Fisheries Research Centre, Yamaguchi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C12013CB3823EDDCA3593907F47FEA13">Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FDDB36EC426911FFEFF72DFF1C924F3">Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8FD71784C9C6FF778C035CB8D114E351">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1F5384A39A1D0371754E971D091BBC4C">
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<mods:date id="B8E0A985C8056E5D7988397E60E021D2">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA7232ABA87FFBE98AE205E21FBF9F00">2024-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="29167EF44C1482A85DB025CFFEADE8E5">58</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EAFA0FDD464846207F0EACB0F3D73C89">25 - 28</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="30CD89C6035B5A9E644449249D9AF17E">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2377336</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="764CF14EB6792D1AFFD7706626A73DAD" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A3730A852BFFBCFE07C8FBFF043CD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A3730A852BFFBCFE07C8FBFF043CD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3730A852BFFBCFE07C8FBFF043CD9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="955" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">
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<subSubSection id="C3109197852BFFB1FE07C8FBFCB93A3C" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0FD7570852BFFB1FE07C8FBFC9539E0" box="[426,889,1465,1492]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F852BFFB1FE07C8FBFC9539E0" ID-CoL="8ZDZT" authority="(Hayashi 1973 a)" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[426,889,1465,1492]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E852BFFB1FE07C8FBFD4239E0" box="[426,686,1465,1492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">Paragonaster obtusus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED852BFFB1FD11C8FBFC9D39E0" author="Hayashi R" box="[700,881,1465,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6811" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 a. Seven new species of asteroids from Sagami, Bay. Journal of the College of Liberal Arts, Toyama University, Natural Science. 5: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1973">Hayashi 1973a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB5C21C852BFFB1FE43C8ADFCB93A3C" blockId="5.[494,853,1519,1544]" box="[494,853,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">[Japanese name: Momiji-hitode]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3109197852BFFB1FDFACB6EFD203A73" box="[599,716,1580,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB5C21C852BFFB1FDFACB6EFD203A73" blockId="5.[599,716,1580,1607]" box="[599,716,1580,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1331DE99852BFFB1FDF2CB6EFD283A73" box="[607,708,1580,1607]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3109197852BFFB1FF0DCB20FCBF3AF4" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB5C21C852BFFB1FF0DCB20FED43AAA" blockId="5.[160,1155,1634,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1AE532852BFFB1FF0DCB20FED43AAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F852BFFB1FF0DCB20FDB43A4F" ID-CoL="6WCMD" authority="Hayashi (1973 a)" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,600,1634,1659]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Pseudarchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E852BFFB1FF0DCB20FE733A4F" box="[160,415,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">Pseudarchaster obtusus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED852BFFB1FE0BCB20FDB43A4F" author="Hayashi R" box="[422,600,1634,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6811" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 a. Seven new species of asteroids from Sagami, Bay. Journal of the College of Liberal Arts, Toyama University, Natural Science. 5: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1973">Hayashi (1973a)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pp. 4–6, pl. 8, figs. 1–3;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AABE40D852BFFB1FCC5CB20FBB23A4F" author="Hayashi R" box="[872,1118,1634,1659]" page="54" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED852BFFB1FCC5CB20FBB23A4F" author="Hayashi R" box="[872,1118,1634,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" refId="ref6847" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 b. The sea-stars of Sagami Bay. Tokyo: Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household." type="book" year="1973">Hayashi 1973b: 54–56</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 8, figs. 1–3
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C852BFFB1FF0DCBE5FCBF3AF4" blockId="5.[160,1155,1634,1728]" box="[160,851,1703,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1AE532852BFFB1FF0DCBE5FCBF3AF4" box="[160,851,1703,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F852BFFB1FF0DCBE5FE603AF4" ID-CoL="8ZDZT" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[160,396,1703,1728]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E852BFFB1FF0DCBE5FE603AF4" box="[160,396,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">Paragonaster obtusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AABE40D852BFFB1FE04CBE5FCEF3AF4" author="Saba M & Fujita T" box="[425,771,1703,1728]" page="272" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED852BFFB1FE04CBE5FCEF3AF4" author="Saba M & Fujita T" box="[425,771,1703,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="953" pagination="251 - 287" refId="ref7270" refString="Saba M, Fujita T. 2006. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Sagami Sea, Central Japan. 1. Paxillosida and valvatida. Mem Natn Sci Nature Sci. 41: 251 - 287." type="journal article" year="2006">
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<collectingCountry id="F31D828C852BFFB1FE04CBE5FE333AF4" box="[425,479,1703,1728]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="5" pageNumber="953">Saba</collectingCountry>
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and Fujita 2006: 272–273
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 16
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<caption id="DF7592948528FFB2FF0DC972FCD438EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" startId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8528FFB2FF0DC972FCD438EE" blockId="6.[160,1157,1072,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8528FFB2FF0DC972FF163873" bold="true" box="[160,250,1072,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F8528FFB2FEACC972FE3D3873" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[257,465,1072,1095]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obutsus">
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8528FFB2FEACC972FE3D3873" box="[257,465,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Paragonaster obutsus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C31091978528FFB2FF0DC86BFD8439BC" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8528FFB2FF0DC86BFD8439BC" blockId="6.[160,1156,1321,1416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8528FFB2FF0DC86BFE693977" bold="true" box="[160,389,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B62C8418528FFB2FE38C868FD8839BC" collectingDate="2021-07-27" collectionCode="R, V" country="Japan" elevation="129" latitude="35.065" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="130.3167" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yamaguchi">
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OMNH-Iv 10661,
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<date id="FFB4E4DC8528FFB2FDFFC868FD333977" box="[594,735,1322,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" value="2021-07-27">
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<collectingDate id="EFF01D348528FFB2FDFFC868FD333977" box="[594,735,1322,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" value="2021-07-27">27 July 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, north-west of
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<collectingRegion id="49CE0CFE8528FFB2FC2AC868FB6D3977" box="[903,1153,1322,1347]" country="Japan" name="Yamaguchi" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Yamaguchi Prefecture</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8ED594C78528FFB2FF0DC80FFF2B3952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A3730A852BFFBCFE07C8FBFF043CD9:8ED594C78528FFB2FF0DC80FFF2B3952" box="[160,199,1357,1382]" country="Japan" latitude="35.065" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="130.3167" name="Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" stateProvince="Yamaguchi">Sea</location>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8528FFB2FF41C80FFEDC3952" box="[236,304,1357,1382]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3EA4DB8528FFB2FE96C80FFE433952" box="[315,431,1357,1382]" degrees="35.0650" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" precision="5" value="35.065">35.0650°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3EA4DB8528FFB2FE14C80FFDDB3952" box="[441,567,1357,1382]" degrees="130.3167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" precision="5" value="130.3167">130.3167°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CF26FF98528FFB2FDECC80FFD6B3952" box="[577,647,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" unit="m" value="129.0">
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<elevation id="0027252F8528FFB2FDECC80FFD6B3952" box="[577,647,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" unit="m" value="129.0">129 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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in depth, collected by the
|
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<collectionCode id="ED1B5AD98528FFB2FC15C80FFC2B3952" box="[952,967,1357,1382]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">R</collectionCode>
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/
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<collectionCode id="ED1B5AD98528FFB2FC63C80FFC323952" box="[974,990,1357,1382]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8528FFB2FC48C80FFBCF3952" box="[997,1059,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Kaisei</emphasis>
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, fixed in 99% ethanol,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1B5AD98528FFB2FE97C82DFEA439BC" box="[314,328,1391,1416]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CF26FF98528FFB2FEC5C82DFE2139BC" box="[360,461,1391,1416]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.12" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="61.2">61.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF26FF98528FFB2FE52C82DFD8839BC" box="[511,612,1391,1416]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="25.2">25.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31091978528FFB2FF0DC8F6FD7F3A6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8528FFB2FF0DC8F6FD7F3A6C" blockId="6.[160,1155,1460,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8528FFB2FF0DC8F6FEF639FA" bold="true" box="[160,282,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
R/r <3; rectangular carinal abactinal plates as narrow as or narrower than length; lateral abactinal series extends to more than one-half of R; interradial superomarginals widest, decreasing in size distally; inferomarginal plates bear granules and 1–4 leaf-shaped spines; actinal plates bear granules, spines, and no pedicellariae; each adambulacral plate bears 4–6 furrow spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31091978528FFB3FF0DCBC6FD24392B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="955" pageId="6" pageNumber="954" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8528FFB3FF0DCBC6FD6A3EB8" blockId="6.[160,1155,1668,1728]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1156,142,1311]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="955" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8528FFB2FF0DCBC6FEC13AAA" bold="true" box="[160,301,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body stellate, flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998528FFB2FDA8CBC7FD833AAA" box="[517,623,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="954">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arms five, broad proximally, gradually tapering to arm tips. R/r 2.4. Abactinal surface densely covered with numerous abactinal paxillae comprising abactinal plates, granules, and spines. Abactinal plates of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C09958529FFB3FC6FCDCCFBDA3C93" box="[962,1078,142,167]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
: larger carinal and slightly smaller lateral abactinal. Lateral abactinal plates mostly hexalobate, with tabulate paxillar columns, arranged in 9–10 regular longitudinal series on each side of arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FF0ACDB4FEC03D3B" box="[167,300,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paxillar columns are narrower than spaces between neighbouring columns. Adradial-most lateral abactinal series longest, extending to 56% of R. Carinal abactinal plates on proximal 58% of R, hexagonal with tabulate paxillar columns and those on distal 42% rectangular with cylindrical to prismatic paxillar columns. Carinal abactinal plates are arranged in one regular longitudinal series extending to arm tip, wedged between two superomarginal series in distal 44% of R. Hexagonal carinal abactinal plates as narrow as length and gradually increase in width towards first rectangular plates. Rectangular carinal abactinal plates narrower than length, gradually decreasing in width distally. Lateral and carinal abactinal plates bear mushroom-shaped granules on paxillae centre and conical spines on paxillae margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FE60CF6CFDDB3E73" box="[461,567,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papular areas mostly contain one papula, every six surrounding one lateral abactinal plate. Madreporite single, round, convex, with radiated tortuous grooves, located at interradial disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFB3FF6DCFD4FE9F3F96" blockId="7.[160,1156,142,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
|
||
Supero- and inferomarginal plates transversely elongated, rectangular with oblong to oval ridges and arranged in longitudinal series along body margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FC7CCFFBFF413EC0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Superomarginal- and inferomarginal series comprises 88 plates per interradius, no odd plates, gradually decreasing width distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FD5ECFBCFC603F23" box="[755,908,766,791]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fascicular grooves narrow, shorter than ridges of neighbouring supero- and inferomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FF05CE01FED53F68" box="[168,313,835,860]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Supero- and inferomarginal plates covered with mushroom-shaped to clavate granules and proximal to distal inferomarginal plates also bear 1–4 leaf-shaped spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FF54CECBFE893F96" box="[249,357,905,930]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFB3FF6DCEE9FBD6383E" blockId="7.[160,1156,142,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
|
||
Actinal plates oval, convex and arranged in 5–6 longitudinal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FC18CEE9FBCE3FF0" box="[949,1058,939,964]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Actinal series are confined within 53% of R. Each actinal plate bears mushroom-shaped to clavate granules; most bear one major leaf-shaped spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FD7BCEB3FCD3383E" box="[726,831,1009,1034]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFB3FF6DC951FD4B38A0" blockId="7.[160,1156,142,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
|
||
Adambulacral plates rhomboid and arranged in one longitudinal series along ambulacral furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FE92C974FE26387B" box="[319,458,1078,1103]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adambulacral series comprises 42 plates, extending to arm tips. Each adambulacral plate bears 4–5 furrow spines, arranged in a longitudinal curved series and 10–14 minor subambulacral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFB3FF6DC9DCFF0A38C8" blockId="7.[160,1156,142,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
|
||
Each pair of oral plates, forming the jaw, bears one unpaired oral spine on its proximal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FF47C983FEBA38EE" box="[234,342,1217,1242]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each oral plate bears 14–17 oral spines arranged in two longitudinal series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFB3FF6DC844FD24392B" blockId="7.[160,1156,142,1311]" box="[192,712,1286,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Tube feet biserial, ending with suckered discs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31091978529FFB3FF0DC809FDFE3A26" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFB3FF0DC809FDFE3A26" blockId="7.[160,1156,1355,1554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8529FFB3FF0DC809FEDF3951" bold="true" box="[160,307,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F8529FFB3FEEEC80EFDDD3951" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[323,561,1356,1381]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8529FFB3FEEEC80EFDDD3951" box="[323,561,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Paragonaster obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only recorded from Japanese waters: Pacific side, Sagami Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FE80C82DFE3C39BC" author="Hayashi R" box="[301,464,1391,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6811" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 a. Seven new species of asteroids from Sagami, Bay. Journal of the College of Liberal Arts, Toyama University, Natural Science. 5: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1973">Hayashi 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FE70C82DFDCE39BC" author="Hayashi R" box="[477,546,1391,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" refId="ref6847" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 b. The sea-stars of Sagami Bay. Tokyo: Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household." type="book" year="1973">1973b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Uraga Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FD6BC82DFC5E39BC" author="Saba M & Fujita T" box="[710,946,1391,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="251 - 287" refId="ref7270" refString="Saba M, Fujita T. 2006. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Sagami Sea, Central Japan. 1. Paxillosida and valvatida. Mem Natn Sci Nature Sci. 41: 251 - 287." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8529FFB3FD6BC82DFD1239BC" box="[710,766,1391,1416]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Fujita 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); off Choshi, Chiba Prefecture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FE8FC8D3FE76399E" author="Saba M" box="[290,410,1425,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref7231" refString="Saba M. 2000. Asteroidea. In: Natural history of chiba prefecture. Vol. 7. Chiba: The Foundation of Chiba Prefecture for the Study of Historical Materials; p. 381 - 389." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8529FFB3FE8FC8D3FEB6399E" box="[290,346,1425,1450]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8529FFB3FD98C8D3FD9B399E" box="[565,631,1425,1450]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
side,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE0CFE8529FFB3FD16C8D3FCFF399E" box="[699,787,1425,1450]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Toyama</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FCF9C8D3FC16399E" author="Hayashi R" box="[852,1018,1425,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6811" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 a. Seven new species of asteroids from Sagami, Bay. Journal of the College of Liberal Arts, Toyama University, Natural Science. 5: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1973">Hayashi 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FBA4C8D3FBA3399E" author="Hayashi R" box="[1033,1103,1425,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" refId="ref6847" refString="Hayashi R. 1973 b. The sea-stars of Sagami Bay. Tokyo: Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household." type="book" year="1973">1973b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); off Togi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE0CFE8529FFB3FF72C8F6FE5639F9" box="[223,442,1460,1485]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Ishikawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FE6AC8F6FD0039F9" author="Kohtsuka H & Ogiso S" box="[455,748,1460,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="255 - 267" refId="ref6968" refString="Kohtsuka H, Ogiso S. 2018. Echinodermata collected by the trawl fishery Togi, Ishikawa, Japan. Bulletin of the Hoshizaki Green Foundation 21: 255 - 267." type="journal article" year="2018">Kohtsuka and Ogiso 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CE0CFE8529FFB3FC8AC8F6FC1E39F9" box="[807,1010,1460,1485]" country="Japan" name="Niigata" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Niigata Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FC52C8F6FB9A39F9" author="Saba M" box="[1023,1142,1460,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref7231" refString="Saba M. 2000. Asteroidea. In: Natural history of chiba prefecture. Vol. 7. Chiba: The Foundation of Chiba Prefecture for the Study of Historical Materials; p. 381 - 389." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8529FFB3FC52C8F6FBDB39F9" box="[1023,1079,1460,1485]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); off Maizuru, Kyoto (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFB3FE38C895FDF939C4" author="Saba M" box="[405,533,1495,1520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref7231" refString="Saba M. 2000. Asteroidea. In: Natural history of chiba prefecture. Vol. 7. Chiba: The Foundation of Chiba Prefecture for the Study of Historical Materials; p. 381 - 389." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8529FFB3FE38C895FE2339C4" box="[405,463,1495,1520]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); north-west of Yamaguchi Prefecture (this study). Bathymetric range is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF26FF98529FFB3FE22C8BBFDE23A26" box="[399,526,1529,1554]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.795" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" unit="m" value="179.5" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="129.0">
|
||
129–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C09958529FFB3FE6EC8BBFDE23A26" box="[451,526,1529,1554]" count="230" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="generic">230 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31091978529FFBCFF0DCB7CFF043CD9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="956" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB5C21C8529FFBCFF0DCB7CFF043CD9" blockId="7.[160,1155,1598,1728]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1156,142,237]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="956" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8529FFB3FF0DCB7CFEE03A6C" bold="true" box="[160,268,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This specimen is identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F8529FFB3FDCBCB7DFD3F3A6C" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[614,723,1599,1624]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8529FFB3FDCBCB7DFD3F3A6C" box="[614,723,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the following morphological characteristics: R/r is less than 3; lateral abactinal series extends to more than one-half of R (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1331DE998529FFB3FF12CBC7FEC03AAA" box="[191,300,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1040]" captionTargetId="figure-125@6.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Paragonaster obutsus, OMNH-Iv 10661. A, Whole body, abactinal (top) and actinal (bottom) side; B, denuded abactinal surface of proximal portion of arm; C, abactinal surface of proximal portion of disc; D, denuded actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; E, actinal surface of interradii to proximal portion of arm; F, denuded actinal surface of a jaw. Abbreviations: ad, adambulacral series; c, carinal abactinal series; i, inferomarginal series; o, oral plate; s, superomarginal series; u, unpaired oral spine. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758080/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); superomarginal plates gradually decrease in width towards arm tips. This species was originally described as the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F8529FFB3FD1DCBE5FCB83AF4" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[688,852,1703,1728]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Pseudarchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8529FFB3FD1DCBE5FCB83AF4" box="[688,852,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Pseudarchaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BBFED8529FFBCFC7ECBE5FF0A3C93" author="Saba M & Fujita T" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="956" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="251 - 287" refId="ref7270" refString="Saba M, Fujita T. 2006. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Sagami Sea, Central Japan. 1. Paxillosida and valvatida. Mem Natn Sci Nature Sci. 41: 251 - 287." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8529FFB3FC7ECBE5FBE53AF4" box="[979,1033,1703,1728]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Fujita (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F8526FFBCFE40CDCCFD923C93" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[493,638,142,167]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8526FFBCFE40CDCCFD923C93" box="[493,638,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">Paragonaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on no lateral abactinal series reaching arm tips. This paper extends the distributional range for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AB99F8526FFBCFC86CDF3FC773CFE" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[811,923,177,202]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Paragonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E1E0E8526FFBCFC86CDF3FC773CFE" box="[811,923,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">P. obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to western Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D828C8526FFBCFF0DCD96FF083CD9" box="[160,228,212,237]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |