170 lines
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170 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.97517" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1146-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B1CCD44D55C25FFD8D9DE752139E864F" ID-ZooBank="01E76F6AB9914F339BD6991090F07E80" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1146-43" checkinTime="1675846382090" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zamani, Alireza, Marusik, Yuri M. & Szűts, Tamas" docDate="2023" docId="8753AB6B107F5E81AD07095A03823F6C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1146: 43-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1146" docPubDate="2023-02-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.97517" docTitle="Dysdera Latreille 1804" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="B1CCD44D55C25FFD8D9DE752139E864F" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="B1CCD44D55C25FFD8D9DE752139E864F" masterDocTitle="A survey of the spider genus Dysdera Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Iran, with fourteen new species and notes on two fossil genera" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1675846382090" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A survey of the spider genus Dysdera Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Iran, with fourteen new species and notes on two fossil genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zamani, Alireza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-9666</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI- 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zamani.alireza5@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szűts, Tamas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-0641</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Rottenbiller u. 50, Budapest, 1077, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1146</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.97517</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.97517</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1146-43</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">01E76F6AB9914F339BD6991090F07E80</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B1CCD44D55C25FFD8D9DE752139E864F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8753AB6B107F5E81AD07095A03823F6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8753AB6B107F5E81AD07095A03823F6C" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Family
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="9JD" ID-ENA="75055" LSID="8753AB6B-107F-5E81-AD07-095A03823F6C" authority="C. L. Koch, 1837" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Dysderidae C.L. Koch, 1837</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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The family was divided into four tribes (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="tribe" tribe="Dysderini">Dysderini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpactini">Harpactini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="tribe" tribe="Orsolobini">Orsolobini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhodini">Rhodini</taxonomicName>
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) by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/2051027b0" author="Cooke, JAL" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1027 - 1028" refId="B3" refString="Cooke, JAL, 1965. Spider genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae). Nature 205 (4975): 1027 - 1028, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2051027b0" title="Spider genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/2051027b0" volume="205" year="1965">Cooke (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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, of which three were elevated to subfamilies (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName family="Dysderinae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Dysderinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Harpacteinae">Harpacteinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhodinae">Rhodinae</taxonomicName>
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) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Deeleman-Reinhold, CL" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="141 - 269" refId="B5" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, CL, Deeleman, PR, 1988. Revision des Dysderinae (Araneae, Dysderidae), les especes mediterraneennes occidentales exceptees. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 131: 141 - 269" title="Revision des Dysderinae (Araneae, Dysderidae), les especes mediterraneennes occidentales exceptees." volume="131" year="1988">Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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, and one was elevated to the family-level (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1965" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Orsolobidae</taxonomicName>
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Cooke, 1965) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 230" refId="B14" refString="Forster, RR, Platnick, NI, 1985. A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 181: 1 - 230" title="A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea." volume="181" year="1985">Forster and Platnick (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Although
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysderidae</taxonomicName>
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appears to be a monophyletic family often considered restricted to the Palaearctic, it is in fact distributed only in the West Palaearctic (from Canary Islands to west Xinjiang) and polyphyletic with its current generic composition. Eleven species of five genera are known from fossils (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunlop, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B11" refString="Dunlop, JA, Penney, D, Jekel, D, 2020. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. World Spider Catalog. Version 20.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. World Spider Catalog. Version 20.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">Dunlop et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2004" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dasumiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasumiana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dasumiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wunderlich, 2004 (3 spp.),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dysdera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dysdera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 sp.),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bristowe" authorityYear="1939" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Harpactea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bristowe, 1939 (5 spp.),
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<taxonomicName genus="Segistriites" lsidName="Segistriites" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Segistriites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Straus, 1967 (1 sp.), and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1971" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderinae" genus="Mistura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mistura" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Mistura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Petrunkevitch, 1971 (1 sp.). Judging by the position of the legs (i.e., legs I-III directed forwards) and the overall somatic features of
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<taxonomicName genus="Segistriites" lsidName="Segistriites cromei" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="cromei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Segistriites cromei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Straus, 1967, this monotypic Neogene fossil genus is herein transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Segestriidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Segestriidae</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1893. At the time of the description of
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<taxonomicName genus="Segistriites" lsidName="Segistriites" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Segistriites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Segestriidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Segestriidae</taxonomicName>
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was not a separate family but rather a subfamily (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Segestriinae">Segestriinae</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1893) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysderidae</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore,
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<bibRefCitation author="Straus, A" journalOrPublisher="Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="15 - 24" refId="B23" refString="Straus, A, 1967. Zur Palaeontologie des Pliozaens von Willershausen. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover 111: 15 - 24" title="Zur Palaeontologie des Pliozaens von Willershausen." volume="111" year="1967">Strauss (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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explicitly mentions the close affinity of this genus to
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Porinaceae" genus="Segestria" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Segestria" order="Ostropales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Segestria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1804, the type genus of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Segestriidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Segestriidae</taxonomicName>
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. The monotypic Neogene fossil genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1971" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderinae" genus="Mistura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mistura" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Mistura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also appears to be misplaced in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysderidae</taxonomicName>
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: the holotype specimen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1971" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderinae" genus="Mistura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mistura perplexa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Mistura perplexa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Petrunkevitch, 1971 has an unknown arrangement of eyes and several characters different from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysderidae</taxonomicName>
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, including a lack of claw tufts, the presence of an onychium, and long spinnerets (
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<bibRefCitation author="Petrunkevitch, AI" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B20" refString="Petrunkevitch, AI, 1971. Chiapas amber spiders, II. University of California Publications in Entomology 63: 1 - 44" title="Chiapas amber spiders, II." volume="63" year="1971">Petrunkevitch 1971</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="composition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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More than 600 species in 26 genera (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunlop, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B11" refString="Dunlop, JA, Penney, D, Jekel, D, 2020. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. World Spider Catalog. Version 20.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. World Spider Catalog. Version 20.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">Dunlop et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Straus, A" journalOrPublisher="Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Hannover" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B24" refString="2022. . http://wsc.nmbe.ch" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2022">WSC 2022</bibRefCitation>
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; current paper).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |