A survey of the spider genus Dysdera Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Iran, with fourteen new species and notes on two fossil genera Author Zamani, Alireza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-9666 Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI- 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland zamani.alireza5@gmail.com Author Marusik, Yuri M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148 Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa Author Szűts, Tamas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-0641 Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Rottenbiller u. 50, Budapest, 1077, Hungary text ZooKeys 2023 2023-02-07 1146 43 86 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.97517 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.97517 1313-2970-1146-43 01E76F6AB9914F339BD6991090F07E80 B1CCD44D55C25FFD8D9DE752139E864F Family Dysderidae C.L. Koch, 1837 Comments. The family was divided into four tribes (i.e., Dysderini , Harpactini , Orsolobini and Rhodini ) by Cooke (1965) , of which three were elevated to subfamilies (i.e., Dysderinae , Harpacteinae and Rhodinae ) by Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman (1988) , and one was elevated to the family-level (i.e., Orsolobidae Cooke, 1965) by Forster and Platnick (1985) . Although Dysderidae appears to be a monophyletic family often considered restricted to the Palaearctic, it is in fact distributed only in the West Palaearctic (from Canary Islands to west Xinjiang) and polyphyletic with its current generic composition. Eleven species of five genera are known from fossils ( Dunlop et al. 2020 ): Dasumiana Wunderlich, 2004 (3 spp.), Dysdera (1 sp.), Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 (5 spp.), Segistriites Straus, 1967 (1 sp.), and Mistura Petrunkevitch, 1971 (1 sp.). Judging by the position of the legs (i.e., legs I-III directed forwards) and the overall somatic features of Segistriites cromei Straus, 1967, this monotypic Neogene fossil genus is herein transferred to Segestriidae Simon, 1893. At the time of the description of Segistriites , Segestriidae was not a separate family but rather a subfamily (i.e., Segestriinae Simon, 1893) of Dysderidae . Furthermore, Strauss (1967) explicitly mentions the close affinity of this genus to Segestria Latreille, 1804, the type genus of Segestriidae . The monotypic Neogene fossil genus Mistura also appears to be misplaced in Dysderidae : the holotype specimen of Mistura perplexa Petrunkevitch, 1971 has an unknown arrangement of eyes and several characters different from Dysderidae , including a lack of claw tufts, the presence of an onychium, and long spinnerets ( Petrunkevitch 1971 ). Composition. More than 600 species in 26 genera ( Dunlop et al. 2020 ; WSC 2022 ; current paper).