245 lines
27 KiB
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245 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.223.2840" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9b1f5ed-fec1-474c-a014-f0fbb309f54b" ID-PMC="PMC3491919" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-226-1" ID-PubMed="23166462" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-226-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 226" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs" checkinTime="1451248705912" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sereno, Paul C." docDate="2012" docId="B630934299F013259770D38B23CC33F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 226: 1-225" docOrigin="ZooKeys 226" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.223.2840" docTitle="Manidens condorensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="FFFCFF9FFF9B1434FFE8FF88BA74FFB7" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1668154520870" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sereno, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>226</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.223.2840</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.223.2840</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-226-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B630934299F013259770D38B23CC33F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B630934299F013259770D38B23CC33F1" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Manidens_condorensis" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens condorensis" order="Dinosauria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condorensis">Manidens condorensis</taxonomicName>
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Figs 881Tables 13
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens condorensis" order="Dinosauria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condorensis">Manidens condorensis</taxonomicName>
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Pol et al. (2011; Figs 1, 2)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">MPEF-PV 3211, partial skull and postcranial skeleton lacking the forelimbs, hindlimbs, and caudal vertebrae (Figs 8, 81B).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="referred material">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Referred material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">MPEF-PV 1718, 1719, 1786, 3810, and 3811, isolated teeth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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Queso Rallado, 2.3 km west of Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
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, Chubut Province, Argentina (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="horizon">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Horizon.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañadón">Canadon</normalizedToken>
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Asfalto Formation (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Stipanicic et al. 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rougier, GW" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 17" title="First Jurassic triconodont from South America." url="10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3580[1:FJTFSA]2.0.CO;2" volume="3580" year="2007">Rougier et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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); Middle Jurassic, Aalenian-Bathonian, ca. 176-165 Ma (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Gradstein and Ogg 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Cabaleri et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="revised diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Revised diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Heterodontosaurid ornithischian characterized by the following four autapomorphies: (1) external mandibular fenestra absent; (2) denticules on the margins of individual denticles; (3) mesially divergent basal denticle on mesial margin in some dentary crowns; (4) mesial denticulate margin approximately 60% the length of the distal margin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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The revised diagnosis above restricts cited features to those interpreted as potential autapomorphies for
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens condorensis" order="Dinosauria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condorensis">Manidens condorensis</taxonomicName>
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. Several features listed in the initial diagnosis (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 370) have broader distributions and therefore were omitted. Besides the unusual features of the dentition, closure of the external mandibular fenestra is the only nondental autapomorphy listed, although more will surely be identified with additional preparation and description. The following descriptive comments are based on
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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as well as stereophotographs of the holotypic specimen (courtesy of D. Pol).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="cranium">
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Cranium.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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Only a portion of theskull roof and braincase are preserved and figured (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Judging from the length of the dentary, the snout is likely to be proportionately shorter than in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 8A, 59, 81B). An inset, arched diastema was probably present between the premaxilla and maxilla, given the presence of a dentary caniniform tooth (Figs 8A, 81B). The form of the premaxilla and predentary are currently unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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As noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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, aspects of the cranium are reminiscent of derived features in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Tianyulong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tianyulong" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tianyulong</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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such as the arched profile of the upper temporal bar and the spacious laterotemporal fossa (Fig. 81B). The form of the postorbital, jugal, quadratojugal and quadrate exhibit features present in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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, most of which are poorly known in other heterodontosaurids. The lateral aspect of the postorbital is excavated by a fossa, a laterally projecting crest and posteroventrally directed flange are present on the jugal, an embayment ventral to the lower temporal bar results in a T-shaped quadratojugal, and the ventral articular surface of the quadrate condyles angles ventrolaterally. The shaft of the quadrate dorsal to the condyles appears to be considerably more robust than in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1e).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="108" pageNumber="109" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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maxilla has a laterally protruding rim along the ventral margin of the antorbital fossa as in other heterodontosaurids. Pol et al. (2011: 371) suggested that an arched diastema may not have been present. The anterior margin of the maxilla, however, is not well preserved (Fig. 81B). The presence of a caniniform tooth in the dentary (Fig. 8A) strongly suggests that an arched diastema would have been present as in other heterodontosaurids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="109" pageNumber="110" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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prominent laterally projecting jugal horn is very similar in form and location to that in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 59, 81B). The dorsoventrally compressed horn, which is located just ventral to the orbital margin, is connected by a ridge to the everted ventral rim of the antorbital fenestra. The jugal flange differs in its position from that in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 59, 81B). It projects posteriorly rather than posteroventrally. As a result, the flange has a more elevated position relative to the lower jaw than in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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The postorbital has a particularly deep posterior ramus compared to
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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as seen in lateral view (Figs 59, 81B). In this regard, the postorbital is most similar to that in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Pegomastax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pegomastax africanus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">Pegomastax africanus</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n.asdescribed below. The postorbital fossa is well developed as in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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Figure 81. Partial skull of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens condorensis" order="Dinosauria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condorensis">Manidens condorensis</taxonomicName>
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from the Middle Jurassic
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañadón">Canadon</normalizedToken>
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Asfalto Formation of Argentina. Skull reconstructions in lateral view A Reversed from
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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B This study. Dashed lines indicate estimated edges. Abbreviations: a angular antfo antorbital fossa asaf anterior surangular foramen be buccal emargination bo basioccipital bt basal tubera d dentary d1, 2, 11 dentary tooth 1, 2, 11 emfo external mandibular fossa f frontal gl glenoid gr groove j jugal jfl jugal flange jh jugal horn m maxilla m1, 11 maxillary tooth 1, 11 n nasal pd predentary pm premaxilla po postorbital pof postorbital fossa popr paroccipital process q quadrate qj quadratojugal ri ridge sa surangular sq squamosal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="lower jaw">
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lower jaw.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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The lower jaw is proportionately short with a deep dentary similar to that in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Pegomastax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pegomastax africanus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">Pegomastax africanus</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n.asdescribed below. A number of features in the lower jaw are present in several other heterodontosaurids including a deep buccal emargination, prominent coronoid process, an external mandibular fossa, and an enlarged anterior surangular foramen and associated neurovascular groove (Fig. 81B). The retroarticular process appears to be proportionately shorter than in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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, and the external mandibular fenestra is closed (Figs 8A, 81B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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have depicted the proportions of the angular and surangular in lateral view in two ways, the former deeper as well as shallower than the latter (Figs 8A, 81A). The deeper angular (Fig. 8A) is their intended interpretation (D. Pol pers. comm.), which was recorded as a derived character in their matrix for
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens" order="Dinosauria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Manidens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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. As noted above, however, the deep proportions of the angular in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 58) are regarded here as erroneous (Fig. 59). In the reconstruction given here of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens" order="Dinosauria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Manidens</taxonomicName>
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, we have followed their drawing of the lower jaw, in which the angular is somewhat deeper than the surangular (Figs 8A, 81B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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The jaw joint is offset ventral to the maxillary tooth row as in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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and probably also
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lycorhinus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 8A, 81B). Pol et al. (2011: 373) suggested that the articular cup for the quadrate condyles is "considerably longer anteroposteriorly", allowing some fore-aft movement of the quadrate. This cannot be verified in currently available images. If that is an accurate assessment of the jaw joint, then it would differ from the tight fit of the quadrate condyles to the articular cotylus in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 61C).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="dentition">
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Dentition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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There appears to be approximately 11 teeth in maxillary and dentary tooth rows and a diastema between the caniniform and postcaniniform teeth, judging from the preserved portions of the tooth row in the right dentary (Fig. 81B). The relatively low tooth count, marked disparity in crown size along the tooth row, straight maxillary and dentary alveolar margins, and robustly proportioned dentary are comparable to the condition in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Pegomastax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pegomastax africanus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">Pegomastax africanus</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. sp. n.as described below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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The dentary crowns also resemble the new African species in the mesial bowing of the central axis of the crown. The mesial carina, in addition, is shorter than the distal carina in both species, although this asymmetry is more strongly expressed in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Manidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Manidens" order="Dinosauria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Manidens</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="skull reconstruction">
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<paragraph pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="110" pageNumber="111" start="start">Skull</pageBreakToken>
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reconstruction.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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The skull reconstruction presented here (Fig. 81B) differs in several regards from the preliminary reconstruction presented in
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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(Fig. 81A). The most important differences involve the addition of an arched diastema to accommodate the dentary caniniform tooth, the alignment of maxillary teeth over the dentary cheek tooth row (the former was displaced anteriorly), the addition of braincase elements posteroventral to the quadrate head, and the lowering of the jaw joint relative to the tooth rows to match the geometry preserved in the right dentary (Fig. 8A).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="110" pageNumber="111" type="postcranial skeleton">
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<paragraph pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Postcranial skeleton.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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Portions of the axial column and pelvic girdle are preserved (Fig. 8B). The short trapezoidal centra and epipophyseal processes in mid cervical vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1d) are similar to that in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 62) and suggest that the cervical series was arched as reconstructed (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pol, D" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="369 - 379" title="A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids." volume="98" year="2011">Pol et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1). Mid and posterior dorsal vertebrae have neural spines that are longer anteroposteriorly than deep, which more closely resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Tianyulong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tianyulong" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tianyulong</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 20) than
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 68).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
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The pelvic girdle exhibits a fully open acetabulum and a laterally prominent ischial peduncle on the ilium (Fig. 8B) similar to that in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Tianyulong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tianyulong" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tianyulong</taxonomicName>
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, the Kayenta heterodontosaurid,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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, and more advanced ornithischians. The pelvis is more primitive in two regards than some other heterodontosaurids. The iliac postacetabular process is deeper dorsoventrally than in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 37, 68), and the postpubic process does not appear to be shortened as in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Tianyulong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tianyulong" order="Ornithischia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tianyulong</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 30).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |