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<mods:title id="464CBF8FF023C70EEB4148AF62492551">Study on the genus Onitis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the Indian Subcontinent, with three new species from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A1884BD6917B9AC0FA289B45A47E1088">Karimbumkara, Seena Narayanan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FA61C0CC9CB42977CD39ACDBE5D1F81">Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3D7501A8649085C3ADA41B0285B0D9D6">Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1431E392E9ACA9FBBAE32033CB71DDDC">Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFC890C9D5EFC0AFC2CFC5C" box="[607,981,955,982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9D5EFC0AFC2CFC5C" blockId="10.[607,981,955,1018]" box="[607,981,955,982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFC890C9D5EFC0AFC2CFC5C" box="[607,981,955,982]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFFC890C9D5EFC0AFC2CFC5C" ID-CoL="74MVW" authority="Cambefort, 1988" authorityName="Cambefort" authorityYear="1988" box="[607,981,955,982]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordati">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9D5EFC0AFCFFFC5C" bold="true" box="[607,774,955,982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Onitis bordati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFC890C9C0CFC0AFC2CFC5C" author="Cambefort Y." box="[781,981,955,982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="189 - 192" refId="ref28159" refString="Cambefort Y. 1988. Deux nouveaux Onitis d'Asie tropicale. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, Paris 92 (5 - 6): 189 - 192. Available from: https: // www. persee. fr / doc / bsef _ 0037 - 928 x _ 1987 _ num _ 92 _ 5 _ 17495 [accessed 10 May 2017]" type="journal article" year="1988">Cambefort, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFC890C9DA1FC6EFC6AFC73" box="[672,915,991,1018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9DA1FC6EFC6AFC73" blockId="10.[607,981,955,1018]" box="[672,915,991,1018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFC890C9DA1FC6EFD13FC73" box="[672,746,991,1017]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[280,1294,921,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-246@11.[189,1398,900,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Onitis bordati Cambefort, 1988, ♀, AIMB/Co/Sc1000018. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Pygidium. (Images: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742859/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFC890C9DF6FC6EFCC1FC73" box="[759,824,991,1017]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[300,1241,290,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-75@13.[189,1398,262,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. AD. Onitis assamensis Biswas, 1980, Aedeagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/ Co/Sc1000001 (images: AIMB). EF. O. naviauxi Cambefort, 1988, lateral and dorsal views, MNHN EC4807, (images: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). GJ. O. bordati Cambefort, 1988, aedeagus; lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/Co/Sc1000016, (images AIMB). KN. O. siva Gillet, 1911, aedagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/Co/Sc1000704, (images: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742861/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4GJ</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFC890C9C45FC6EFC93FC70" box="[836,874,991,1018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,233,1811,1837]" captionTargetBox="[327,1251,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-84@14.[189,1398,262,1777]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. A. Onitis bordati Cambefort, 1988, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC1187, (image: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). B. O. brahma Lansberge, 1875, ♂, BMNH (E) 1237157, (image: BMNH). C. O.castaneus Redtenbacher, 1848, syntype, (image: Harald Schillhammer, NHMW). D. O. crassus Sharp, 1875, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC4813, (image: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). E. O. excavatus Arrow, 1931, lectotype, ♂, BMNH (E) 1237173, (image: BMNH). F. O. falcatus (Wulfen, 1786), ♂, AIMB/Co/ Sc1000070, (image: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742863/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFC890C9C77FC6EFC6AFC73" box="[886,915,991,1017]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,249,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-1@47.[208,1379,236,1891]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 17. Map showing the distribution of OnitisassamensisBiswas, 1980; O. bhomorensis sp. nov.; O. bordatiCambefort, 1988; O. brahma Lansberge, 1875 and O. castaneus Redtenbacher, 1848 in the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742901/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFC890C9FBCFB91FE92FB48" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCFB91FC8AFBB0" blockId="10.[189,883,1056,1082]" box="[189,883,1056,1082]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FBCFB91FE98FBB0" box="[189,353,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Onitisbordati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFC890C9E68FB91FD92FBB0" author="Cambefort Y." box="[361,619,1056,1082]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="189 - 192" refId="ref28159" refString="Cambefort Y. 1988. Deux nouveaux Onitis d'Asie tropicale. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, Paris 92 (5 - 6): 189 - 192. Available from: https: // www. persee. fr / doc / bsef _ 0037 - 928 x _ 1987 _ num _ 92 _ 5 _ 17495 [accessed 10 May 2017]" type="journal article" year="1988">Cambefort, 1988: 190</bibRefCitation>
(original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCFBD3FE92FB48" blockId="10.[189,1399,1121,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDC811EAFFFC890C9FBCFBD3FE92FB48" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FBCFBD3FE94FBF1" box="[189,365,1121,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFFC890C9FBCFBD3FEA2FBF1" ID-CoL="74MVW" authorityName="Cambefort" authorityYear="1988" box="[189,347,1121,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordati">Onitis bordati</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFFC890C9E71FBD0FD47FBF6" author="Kabakov O. N. &amp; Napolov A." box="[368,702,1121,1148]" page="70" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFC890C9E71FBD0FD47FBF6" author="Kabakov O. N. &amp; Napolov A." box="[368,702,1121,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="58 - 96" refId="ref29730" refString="Kabakov O. N. &amp; Napolov A. 1999. Fauna and ecology of Lamellicornia of subfamily Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) of Vietnam and some parts of adjacent countries: South China, Laos and Thailand. Latvijas Entomologs 37: 58 - 96." type="journal article" year="1999">Kabakov&amp;Napolov1999:70</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution).—
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFFC890C9C84FBD0FB2AFBF1" author="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Chunram S. &amp; Pimpasalee S. &amp; Emberso R. W. &amp; Masumoto K." box="[901,1235,1121,1148]" page="466" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFC890C9C84FBD0FB2AFBF1" author="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Chunram S. &amp; Pimpasalee S. &amp; Emberso R. W. &amp; Masumoto K." box="[901,1235,1121,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="463 - 469" refId="ref29406" refString="Hanboonsong Y., Chunram S., Pimpasalee S., Emberso R. W. &amp; Masumoto K. 1999. The dung beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Northeast Thailand. Elytra, Tokyo 27 (2): 463 - 469." type="journal article" year="1999">
Hanboonsong
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9B28FBD3FBA6FBF1" box="[1065,1119,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
1999:466
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). —
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFC890C9E0CFB34FD6BFB15" author="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Masumoto K." box="[269,658,1157,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref29369" refString="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Masumoto K. 2000. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) of Thailand, Part 2, Genus Onitis. Elytra, Tokyo 28 (1): 101 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Hanboonsong &amp; Masumoto 2000</bibRefCitation>
. — 103, 108 (key, distribution). —
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFC890C9B29FB34FAE7FB15" author="Schoolmeesters P." box="[1064,1310,1157,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref31037" refString="Schoolmeesters P. 2022. Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database. In: Banki O., Roskov Y., Doring M., Ower G., Hernandez Robles D. R., Plata Corredor C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen T., Orn A., Vandepitte L., Hobern D., Schalk P., DeWalt R. E., Ma K., Miller J., Orrell T., Aalbu R., Abbott J., Adlard R., C. Aedo C. et al. (Version 2024 - 03 - 05). https: // doi. org / 10.48580 / dfz 6 w- 38 g" type="book" year="2022">Schoolmeesters 2022</bibRefCitation>
(online catalogue).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFC890C9FBCFB58FE37FAF2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCFB58FE3FFA89" blockId="10.[189,454,1257,1283]" box="[189,454,1257,1283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFC890C9FBCFB58FE3FFA89" bold="true" box="[189,454,1257,1283]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FBCFB58FE3FFA89" bold="true" box="[189,454,1257,1283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCFAA9FE37FAF2" blockId="10.[189,1398,1304,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FBCFAA9FE98FAB8" box="[189,353,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Onitisbordati</emphasis>
belongs to Group IX and it resembles species of Group XVIII in having an uninterrupted frontal carina. It resembles
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFFC890C9D01FA8DFDAAFADF" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1911" box="[512,595,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siva">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9D01FA8DFDAAFADF" box="[512,595,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. siva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the absence of clypeal carina and differs from it in the pronotum being densely granular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFC890C9FBCFA2EFD64F8B5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCFA2EFE53FA33" blockId="10.[189,426,1439,1465]" box="[189,426,1439,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFC890C9FBCFA2EFE53FA33" bold="true" box="[189,426,1439,1465]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FBCFA2EFE53FA33" bold="true" box="[189,426,1439,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFFC890C9FEBFA7FFDF0F9A5" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="H. Perrot &amp; P. Bordat" country="Vietnam" determinerName="Y. Cambefort" latitude="11.583333" location="Annam" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="108.083336" municipality="Djiring" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="EC1187" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FEBFA7FFEA5FA62" blockId="10.[189,1398,1486,1583]" box="[234,348,1486,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FEBFA7FFEA5FA62" bold="true" box="[234,348,1486,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="02638866FFFC890C9FEBFA7FFEA5FA62" box="[234,348,1486,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCFA43FDF0F9A5" blockId="10.[189,1398,1486,1583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFC890C9FBCFA43FEBDF986" box="[189,324,1522,1548]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFFC890C9E5AFA43FE8DF986" box="[347,372,1522,1548]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="3D03ACBEFFFC890C9E7EFA40FE2EF981" box="[383,471,1521,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Djiring</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="D807601FFFFC890C9EDEFA43FDC0F986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFFC890A9D5EFC0AFEA2FA53:D807601FFFFC890C9EDEFA43FDC0F986" box="[479,569,1522,1548]" country="Vietnam" latitude="11.583333" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="108.083336" municipality="Djiring" name="Annam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Annam</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="B8EC5003FFFC890C9D45FA41FD54F986" box="[580,685,1520,1548]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="11.583333">11°35ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B8EC5003FFFC890C9DB9FA41FCD7F986" box="[696,814,1520,1548]" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="108.083336">108°05ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
; Coll.
<collectorName id="702D5312FFFC890C9C78FA43FC11F986" box="[889,1000,1522,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. Perrot</collectorName>
; Coll.
<collectorName id="702D5312FFFC890C9B33FA43FB65F981" box="[1074,1180,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. Bordat</collectorName>
leg.;
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFFC890C9BDBFA43FA8FF981" box="[1242,1398,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Y. Cambefort</determinerName>
det. 1987;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFFC890C9E3BF9A4FE6EF9A5" box="[314,407,1557,1583]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFFC890C9EA3F9A4FDFCF9A5" box="[418,517,1557,1583]" collectionCode="EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EC1187</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FEBF9E7FD75F9FA" blockId="10.[189,1398,1622,1719]" box="[234,652,1622,1648]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FEBF9E7FE18F9FA" bold="true" box="[234,481,1622,1648]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Additional material</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFFC890C9EF3F9E7FD7DF9FA" box="[498,644,1622,1648]" count="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCF9CBFDEFF93D" blockId="10.[189,1398,1622,1719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFFC890C9FBCF9CBFDEBF93D" collectingDate="1991-06-01" collectingDateMax="1991-06-06" collectingDateMin="1991-06-01" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Thailand" determinerName="Y. CAMBEFORT" location="UMPHANG VI" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="EC1185" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Prov. TAK Region">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFC890C9FBCF9CBFEACF91E" box="[189,341,1658,1684]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFFC890C9E6EF9CBFE7FF91E" box="[367,390,1658,1684]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female"></specimenCount>
; “
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFFC890C9EA1F9C8FD84F919" box="[416,637,1657,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Prov. TAK Region</collectingRegion>
de
<location id="D807601FFFFC890C9DA8F9C8FC9EF91E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFFC890A9D5EFC0AFEA2FA53:D807601FFFFC890C9DA8F9C8FC9EF91E" box="[681,871,1657,1684]" country="Thailand" name="UMPHANG VI" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Prov. TAK Region">UMPHANG VI</location>
;
<date id="A9661004FFFC890C9C75F9C8FC04F919" box="[884,1021,1657,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1991-06-01">
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFFC890C9C75F9C8FC04F919" box="[884,1021,1657,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1991-06-01">1 Jun. 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
<date id="A9661004FFFC890C9B0CF9C8FB60F919" box="[1037,1177,1657,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1991-06-06">
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFFC890C9B0CF9C8FB60F919" box="[1037,1177,1657,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1991-06-06">6 Jun. 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFFC890C9BA4F9CBFA8FF919" box="[1189,1398,1657,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Y. CAMBEFORT</determinerName>
det. 1992”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFFC890C9E46F92CFE5DF93D" box="[327,420,1693,1719]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFFC890C9EAEF92DFDEBF93D" box="[431,530,1692,1719]" collectionCode="EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">EC1185</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCF96FFD64F8B5" blockId="10.[189,1398,1756,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFFC890C9FBCF96FFD61F8B5" collectingDate="2012-05-20" collectingMethod="hand-picked / elephant dung" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Karimbumkara Seena Narayanan &amp; Rajkamal Goswami" country="India" elevation="269" latitude="25.915697" location="Nongkhyllem" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="91.76794" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000016, Co/Sc1000017, Co/Sc1000018, Co/Sc1000019, Co/Sc1000020, Co/Sc1000021, Co/Sc1000022" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFC890C9FBCF96FFEF7F972" box="[189,270,1758,1784]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFFC890C9E2DF96FFE8BF973" box="[300,370,1758,1785]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFFC890C9E80F96FFE3FF973" box="[385,454,1758,1785]" count="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFFC890C9ED6F96FFDA5F972" box="[471,604,1758,1784]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="D807601FFFFC890C9D6BF96FFCF6F972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFFC890A9D5EFC0AFEA2FA53:D807601FFFFC890C9D6BF96FFCF6F972" box="[618,783,1758,1784]" country="India" latitude="25.915697" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="91.76794" name="Nongkhyllem" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Nongkhyllem</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="B8EC5003FFFC890C9C1CF96DFC23F973" box="[797,986,1756,1785]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="56.51" value="25.915697">25°54ʹ56.51″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B8EC5003FFFC890C9CE9F96DFB6AF973" box="[1000,1171,1756,1785]" degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="4.55" value="91.76794">91°46ʹ4.55″ E</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<elevation id="56F5D1F7FFFC890C9BE3F96FFA89F972" box="[1250,1392,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="269.0">
<quantity id="1A209B21FFFC890C9BE3F96FFAD7F973" box="[1250,1326,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="269.0">269 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="A9661004FFFC890C9FBCF8B0FE9FF891" box="[189,358,1793,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2012-05-20">
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFFC890C9FBCF8B0FE9FF891" box="[189,358,1793,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2012-05-20">20 May 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="702D5312FFFC890C9E76F8B0FCFFF896" box="[375,774,1793,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Karimbumkara Seena Narayanan</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="702D5312FFFC890C9C37F8B0FBDBF891" box="[822,1058,1793,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rajkamal Goswami</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="04994ED3FFFC890C9B6EF8B0FAFAF891" box="[1135,1283,1793,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">hand-picked</collectingMethod>
,
<collectingMethod id="04994ED3FFFC890C9A12F8B0FF02F8B4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elephant dung</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFFC890C9E04F895FEABF8B4" box="[261,338,1828,1854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFFC890C9E5AF895FD61F8B5" box="[347,664,1828,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Co/Sc1000016 to 1000022</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFC890A9FBCF8D7FD34FC3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCF8D7FEB7F80A" blockId="10.[189,334,1894,1920]" box="[189,334,1894,1920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFC890C9FBCF8D7FEB7F80A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1894,1920]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFC890C9FBCF8D7FEB7F80A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1894,1920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFC890C9FBCF824FE31F858" blockId="10.[189,1399,1940,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEASUREMENTS (in mm). TL=23.532; BW =11.515.5; PL=912; PW=11.515.5; EL=11.515; HL=69; HW= 78.5.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFD890D9FEBFEB8FE66FEAE" blockId="11.[189,1399,265,855]" box="[234,415,265,292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9FEBFEB8FED3FEA9" bold="true" box="[234,298,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFD890D9E3BFEB8FE6CFEAE" box="[314,405,265,292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,233,1811,1837]" captionTargetBox="[327,1251,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-84@14.[189,1398,262,1777]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. A. Onitis bordati Cambefort, 1988, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC1187, (image: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). B. O. brahma Lansberge, 1875, ♂, BMNH (E) 1237157, (image: BMNH). C. O.castaneus Redtenbacher, 1848, syntype, (image: Harald Schillhammer, NHMW). D. O. crassus Sharp, 1875, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC4813, (image: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). E. O. excavatus Arrow, 1931, lectotype, ♂, BMNH (E) 1237173, (image: BMNH). F. O. falcatus (Wulfen, 1786), ♂, AIMB/Co/ Sc1000070, (image: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742863/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFD890A9FBCFE9DFBC9FDB6" blockId="11.[189,1399,265,855]" lastBlockId="12.[189,1399,265,573]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Body including legs and antennae reddish black, except the antennal club which is reddish yellow; moderately shining, elongate oval, slightly convex, devoid of any setae on the dorsal surface except at the lower margin of the elytra where a few scattered setae are present. Head with clypeus elongate, strongly rounded, slightly reflexed anteriorly, clypeal carina absent; genae strongly curved, extended outwards and upwards anteriorly, with fine granules; vertex significantly depressed, bordered behind, finely, densely granulate. Pronotum smoothly margined on all sides, the sides of pronotum straight anteriorly, slightly sinuate behind; front angles sharp, obtuse, hind angles obsolete; base angulate in the middle; basal foveae shallow, deeper towards the base, with small ovate granules both within and between them; rows of spindle shaped granules present around the foveae which are not very close, closer and longer in the middle of the pronotum, squamiform and closer anteriorly, the granules smaller, ovate, not very close in the lateral margins; a trace of longitudinal groove extends as a slight depression from the front of the foveae to the front margin of the pronotum; lateral foveae with fine close ovate granules; scutellum very small. Elytra finely striate, striae not perceptibly punctured; intervals flat, opaque, with scattered imperceptible punctures. The sutural interval slightly convex, shining with visible fine scattered punctures; the 5th interval with minute, close, slightly rugose punctures. The lateral carina of the elytra sharp. Pygidium without any hair or setae, opaque, rugose with minute scattered granules. Metasternal shield closely granular and densely hairy at the sides, less granular and hairy in the middle, smooth with imperceptible granules anteriorly and at the base. Sides of the metasternum finely, closely and evenly granular with dense hairs; the hairs shorter than those on the shield. Front legs elongate, tibia slender, strongly curved towards the end with the tip produced into a finger-like process, terminal spur absent, teeth short and triangular; lower side of protibia bears a tooth almost halfway from the base, a shorter one near the base and another short sharper one between these two, the inner side serrate. A tuft of short setae is present in an oval groove near the base of profemur, the upper margins of the legs fringed. The mesofemur is with a sharp tooth just beyond the middle of the lower edge, the hind femur without any teeth. The femoral teeth may not be prominent in minor males.</paragraph>
<caption id="89A7664CFFFD890D9FBCF810FC29F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13742859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742859/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1953,1979]" targetBox="[280,1294,921,1858]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFD890D9FBCF810FC29F855" blockId="11.[189,1398,1953,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9FBCF810FEF5F831" bold="true" box="[189,268,1953,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFFD890D9E15F813FD71F836" authority="Cambefort, 1988" authorityName="Cambefort" authorityYear="1988" box="[276,648,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordati">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9E15F813FE41F836" box="[276,440,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Onitis bordati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFD890D9EC1F813FD71F836" author="Cambefort Y." box="[448,648,1954,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="189 - 192" refId="ref28159" refString="Cambefort Y. 1988. Deux nouveaux Onitis d'Asie tropicale. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, Paris 92 (5 - 6): 189 - 192. Available from: https: // www. persee. fr / doc / bsef _ 0037 - 928 x _ 1987 _ num _ 92 _ 5 _ 17495 [accessed 10 May 2017]" type="journal article" year="1988">Cambefort, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ♀, AIMB/Co/Sc1000018.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9CCCF810FC1BF831" bold="true" box="[973,994,1953,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9BF0F813FAFCF836" bold="true" box="[1265,1285,1954,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. Habitus, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9E5DF874FE88F855" bold="true" box="[348,369,1989,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
. Head, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFD890D9D60F874FD8FF855" bold="true" box="[609,630,1989,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
. Pygidium. (Images: AIMB).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFDD5FE80FD4E" blockId="12.[189,1399,612,709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
AEDEAGUS (in mm) (
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFA890A9EC0FDD5FDB9FDF4" box="[449,576,612,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[300,1241,290,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-75@13.[189,1398,262,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. AD. Onitis assamensis Biswas, 1980, Aedeagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/ Co/Sc1000001 (images: AIMB). EF. O. naviauxi Cambefort, 1988, lateral and dorsal views, MNHN EC4807, (images: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). GJ. O. bordati Cambefort, 1988, aedeagus; lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/Co/Sc1000016, (images AIMB). KN. O. siva Gillet, 1911, aedagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/Co/Sc1000704, (images: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742861/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4GJ</figureCitation>
). LP= 3.54.5, Lp=4.55; BP=2, BpB =1.5, BpT=0.5. Phallobase straight. Parameres longer than the phallobase, broader at the base and further tapers and bluntly curved above at the tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FEBFD5DFE27FC8C" blockId="12.[189,1399,748,950]" box="[234,478,748,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9FEBFD5DFEBCFC8C" bold="true" box="[234,325,748,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFFA890A9E57FD5DFE2FFC8C" box="[342,470,748,774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[280,1294,921,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-246@11.[189,1398,900,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Onitis bordati Cambefort, 1988, ♀, AIMB/Co/Sc1000018. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Pygidium. (Images: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742859/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3AD</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFCBEFD34FC3C" blockId="12.[189,1399,748,950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Body oval, not as convex as male; clypeus elongate, strongly elliptical, slightly reflexed anteriorly, closely rugose. The posterior carina curved inwards, with a laterally compressed conical tubercle in the middle behind. Pygidium more shining than in male, rugose with imperceptible scattered granules. Profemur not toothed, tuft of short setae near the base absent. Protibia with an articulated terminal spur; teeth blunt, closer to each other than in male.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFA890A9FBCFC6CFC53FBC3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFC6CFEAFFC7D" blockId="12.[189,342,989,1015]" box="[189,342,989,1015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFA890A9FBCFC6CFEAFFC7D" bold="true" box="[189,342,989,1015]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9FBCFC6CFEAFFC7D" bold="true" box="[189,342,989,1015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFBBDFC53FBC3" blockId="12.[189,1398,1036,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFA890A9FBCFBBDFF07FBAC" box="[189,254,1036,1062]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFFA890A9E08FBBDFE77FBAC" box="[265,398,1036,1062]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
, other countries:
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFA890A9D5AFBBDFD38FBAC" box="[603,705,1036,1062]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFA890A9DCCFBBDFCCCFBAC" box="[717,821,1036,1062]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFA890A9C44FBBDFB8DFBAC" author="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Chunram S. &amp; Pimpasalee S. &amp; Emberso R. W. &amp; Masumoto K." box="[837,1140,1036,1062]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="463 - 469" refId="ref29406" refString="Hanboonsong Y., Chunram S., Pimpasalee S., Emberso R. W. &amp; Masumoto K. 1999. The dung beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Northeast Thailand. Elytra, Tokyo 27 (2): 463 - 469." type="journal article" year="1999">
Hanboonsong
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9CF3FBBCFBD7FBAC" box="[1010,1070,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFA890A9B80FBBDFF02FBC3" author="Kabakov O. N. &amp; Napolov A." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="58 - 96" refId="ref29730" refString="Kabakov O. N. &amp; Napolov A. 1999. Fauna and ecology of Lamellicornia of subfamily Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) of Vietnam and some parts of adjacent countries: South China, Laos and Thailand. Latvijas Entomologs 37: 58 - 96." type="journal article" year="1999">Kabakov &amp; Napolov 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFA890A9E06FB9EFD6BFBC3" author="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Masumoto K." box="[263,658,1071,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref29369" refString="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Masumoto K. 2000. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) of Thailand, Part 2, Genus Onitis. Elytra, Tokyo 28 (1): 101 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Hanboonsong &amp; Masumoto 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFA890A9D9EFB9EFC67FBC3" author="Schoolmeesters P." box="[671,926,1071,1097]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref31037" refString="Schoolmeesters P. 2022. Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database. In: Banki O., Roskov Y., Doring M., Ower G., Hernandez Robles D. R., Plata Corredor C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen T., Orn A., Vandepitte L., Hobern D., Schalk P., DeWalt R. E., Ma K., Miller J., Orrell T., Aalbu R., Abbott J., Adlard R., C. Aedo C. et al. (Version 2024 - 03 - 05). https: // doi. org / 10.48580 / dfz 6 w- 38 g" type="book" year="2022">Schoolmeesters 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFA890A9FBCFBC1FE30FB56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFBC1FEE4FB00" blockId="12.[189,285,1136,1162]" box="[189,285,1136,1162]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFA890A9FBCFBC1FEE4FB00" bold="true" box="[189,285,1136,1162]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9FBCFBC1FEE4FB00" bold="true" box="[189,285,1136,1162]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFB11FE30FB56" blockId="12.[189,1399,1183,1244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
In
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFA890A9FDDFB2EFEE2FB33" box="[220,283,1183,1209]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
, this species was collected from bamboo dominated secondary forest near Nonkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary,
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFFA890A9E3EFB73FE3CFB56" box="[319,453,1218,1244]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFFA890A9FBCFAB5FEA2FA53" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFAB5FED6FA94" blockId="12.[189,303,1284,1310]" box="[189,303,1284,1310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="862F81A8FFFA890A9FBCFAB5FED6FA94" bold="true" box="[189,303,1284,1310]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9FBCFAB5FED6FA94" bold="true" box="[189,303,1284,1310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFFA890A9FBCFA83FEA2FA53" blockId="12.[189,1399,1330,1497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFA890A9FBCFA83FE6BFAC6" author="Cambefort Y." box="[189,402,1330,1356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="189 - 192" refId="ref28159" refString="Cambefort Y. 1988. Deux nouveaux Onitis d'Asie tropicale. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, Paris 92 (5 - 6): 189 - 192. Available from: https: // www. persee. fr / doc / bsef _ 0037 - 928 x _ 1987 _ num _ 92 _ 5 _ 17495 [accessed 10 May 2017]" type="journal article" year="1988">Cambefort (1988)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the female of
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9C09FA83FC57FAC6" box="[776,942,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Onitisbordati</emphasis>
, but a female of the species deposited at MNHN was determined by Cambefort (1992) (https://shorturl.at/v4Dlr). In this paper, we provide a description for the female of
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFFA890A9D1EFAC8FD62FA19" authorityName="Cambefort" authorityYear="1988" box="[543,667,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bordati">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFFA890A9D1EFAC8FD62FA19" box="[543,667,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. bordati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFFA890A9DC6FAC8FB92FA19" author="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Masumoto K." box="[711,1131,1401,1427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref29369" refString="Hanboonsong Y. &amp; Masumoto K. 2000. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) of Thailand, Part 2, Genus Onitis. Elytra, Tokyo 28 (1): 101 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Hanboonsong &amp; Masumoto (2000)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned only some morphological characters. This is a new distribution record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFFA890A9B83FA2DFB47FA3C" box="[1154,1214,1436,1462]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
and the Indian subcontinent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>