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<emphasis id="B96E950BA352FFA3FF46D2C5FE8336FA" box="[151,297,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="195">Tepperotettix</emphasis>
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<mods:role id="A30F5077DE268C3055EA815B7D6D92A7">
<mods:roleTerm id="D57636174E4176E3E888B6353ADD435F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6E87626948B4837862534C2D0AFC6A3F">Jablonski, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="66EB929E21921444DCF810C2F11ABBEE">Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4ACC418274D7AB7F93162C300351A7C1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E09F6F1A9E3C039CD24C774C41405316">
<mods:roleTerm id="C94FEAC5036D1C22EF83A80581C10165">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BC4F50AE3F37CE813E968F6395E3E3B7">Esterbauer, Hans</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="09548190B58A9EC649C65E3B8C9E2E78">Johann-Puch-Strasse 27 / III / 5, 4400 Steyr, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B8CF7A0279696439E8A8A7DF37F380D5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FB6614DFB71E1639616DA482B17D1D18">
<mods:roleTerm id="97FB727B065681E272BA0728A1AA2DB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AF0674B020F0ED5EFF6C95407A0C56F7">Fritz, Uwe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="795AFE0B7CA9B5DE1904905AA8902185">Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:date id="AA4211C289E8B203DA9AA64EA982AC0D">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B9F52AC72AFF9404B62C93F598F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13767995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13767995" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B9F52AC72AFF9404B62C93F598F874" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B9F52AC72AFF9404B62C93F598F874" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C72AFF8B04B62C93F6C1F980" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0E7F350C72AFF8B04B62C93F7C8F9A4" bold="true" box="[151,960,1527,1554]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04B62C93F7C8F9A4" bold="true" box="[151,960,1527,1554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC72AFF8B04B62C93F576F9A7" ID-CoL="3YFWM" authority="(Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833)" box="[151,382,1527,1554]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulata">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04B62C93F576F9A7" bold="true" box="[151,382,1527,1554]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Mauremys rivulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B06192C9CF658F9A4" bold="true" box="[568,592,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">in</emphasis>
Bory de
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC72AFF8B06E32C9CF778F9A4" box="[706,880,1527,1553]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Saint-Vincent</collectingCountry>
, 1833)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF8B04B62F77F6C1F980" blockId="15.[151,960,1527,1590]" box="[151,713,1563,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<materialsCitation id="3B784E61C72AFF8B04B62F77F6C1F980" box="[151,713,1563,1590]" location="Western Caspian Turtle" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Balkan Welayaty">
<location id="8ECF12E7C72AFF8B04B62F77F5A8F980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B9F52AC72AFF9404B62C93F598F874:8ECF12E7C72AFF8B04B62F77F5A8F980" box="[151,416,1563,1590]" name="Western Caspian Turtle" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" stateProvince="Balkan Welayaty">Western Caspian Turtle</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B058A2F70F5F2F980" box="[427,506,1563,1589]" country="Turkmenistan" name="Balkan Welayaty" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Balkan</collectingRegion>
Terrapin (
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C72AFF8B064E2F70F6C8F980" box="[623,704,1563,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1120,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-54@16.[151,1436,237,1097]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 14. Balkan terrapins, Mauremys rivulata. (A) Al-Alani, upper Orontes (photo: H. Baniasi); (B) Masil Al-Fawwar, southwestern Syria (photo: Hans Esterbauer); (C) SaddAl-Kafat, southeast Hamah (photo: Ehab Jbr); (D) Bhalu, Nahr Al-Qash, east of Latakia (photo: Basel Barakat)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C72AFF8B04B62F08F6A3F9C8" box="[151,683,1635,1662]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF8B04B62F08F6A3F9C8" blockId="15.[151,1437,1635,2022]" box="[151,683,1635,1662]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04B62F08F5C9F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,449,1635,1661]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">IUCN Red List Category</emphasis>
: Not evaluated (NE)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C72AFF9404E62FECF549F9E8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF8B04E62FECF551F95C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1635,2022]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04E62FECF56DF914" bold="true" box="[199,357,1671,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<typeStatus id="54ABFA9EC72AFF8B04E62FECF50AF914" box="[199,258,1671,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
: Restricted to Modon, Morée [
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B06FB2FECF765F914" box="[730,877,1671,1697]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Peloponnese</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC72AFF8B075F2FECF7D8F914" box="[894,976,1671,1697]" name="Greece" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Greece</collectingCountry>
] by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B002A2FE3F16FF914" author="Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B." box="[1035,1383,1671,1698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" refId="ref13644" refString="Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. (1836) Expedition Scientifique de Moree. Section des Sciences Physiques. Tome Premier. Relation. F. G. Levrault, Paris, 472 pp." type="book" year="1836">
Bory de
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC72AFF8B00572FECF118F914" box="[1142,1296,1671,1697]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Saint-Vincent</collectingCountry>
(1836)
</bibRefCitation>
and emended to “Umgebung von Modon,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B06172FC7F677F973" box="[566,639,1708,1734]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Morea</collectingRegion>
[environs of Modon,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B074C2FC0F008F970" box="[877,1024,1707,1733]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Peloponnese</collectingRegion>
],
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC72AFF8B00312FC0F0A2F970" box="[1040,1194,1707,1733]" name="Greece" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Griechenland</collectingCountry>
” [
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC72AFF8B009E2FC0F11CF970" box="[1215,1300,1707,1733]" name="Greece" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Greece</collectingCountry>
] by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B01612FC7F55EF95C" author="Mertens, R. &amp; Muller, L." pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref16694" refString="Mertens, R. &amp; Muller, L. (1928) Liste der Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 41, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1928">Mertens &amp; Müller (1928)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF8B04E62F98F039F884" blockId="15.[151,1437,1635,2022]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04E62F98F589F8B8" bold="true" box="[199,385,1779,1805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Type specimens</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B784E61C72AFF8B05AF2F98F025F884" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="MNHN 1930, 1930" specimenCount="6" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D168FB5C72AFF8B05AF2F98F614F8BB" box="[398,540,1779,1806]" count="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">Six syntypes</specimenCount>
in the Muséum National dHistorie Naturelle, Paris,
<specimenCode id="DBB6EC47C72AFF8B00452F9FF0F2F8B8" box="[1124,1274,1779,1806]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">MNHN 1930</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB6EC47C72AFF8B01252F98F136F8B8" box="[1284,1342,1779,1805]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">1930</specimenCode>
A, 4094, 4095, 9491, and 9492.
<specimenCode id="DBB6EC47C72AFF8B05B82E73F625F884" box="[409,557,1815,1842]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">MNHN 1930</specimenCode>
listed as
<typeStatus id="54ABFA9EC72AFF8B06B72E7CF6F0F884" box="[662,760,1815,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B07032E7CF025F884" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T." box="[802,1069,1815,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref15001" refString="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T. (1997) Zur Systematik westasiatisch - sudosteuropaischer Bachschildkroten (Gattung Mauremys) (Reptilia: Testudines: Bataguridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen, 49, 223 - 260." type="journal article" year="1997">Fritz &amp; Wischuf (1997)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF8B04E62E50F655F8E0" blockId="15.[151,1437,1635,2022]" box="[199,605,1851,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04E62E50F54EF8E0" bold="true" box="[199,326,1851,1877]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Chorotype</emphasis>
: Eastern-Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF8B04E62E34F0BFF8CC" blockId="15.[151,1437,1635,2022]" box="[199,1207,1887,1914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04E62E34F5C0F8CC" bold="true" box="[199,456,1887,1913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
First record for
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC72AFF8B05A92E34F5C0F8CC" box="[392,456,1887,1913]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Syria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B05F42E34F622F8CC" box="[469,554,1887,1913]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
, Nahr Al-Dhahab, Sabkhat Al-Jabboul (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B07C62E34F0A2F8CC" author="Siebenrock, F." box="[999,1194,1887,1913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="171 - 225" refId="ref19218" refString="Siebenrock, F. (1913) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition nach Mesopotamien, 1910. Schildkroten aus Syrien und Mesopotamien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 27, 171 - 225." type="journal article" year="1913">Siebenrock 1913</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC72AFF9404E62EE8F0DCFF60" blockId="15.[151,1437,1635,2022]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B964982EC72AFF8B04E62EE8F577F828" bold="true" box="[199,383,1923,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Literature data</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B05AA2EE8F5E8F828" box="[395,480,1923,1949]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
, Nahr Al-Dhahab, Sabkhat Al-Jabboul (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B07BA2EE8F055F828" author="Siebenrock, F." box="[923,1117,1923,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="171 - 225" refId="ref19218" refString="Siebenrock, F. (1913) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition nach Mesopotamien, 1910. Schildkroten aus Syrien und Mesopotamien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 27, 171 - 225." type="journal article" year="1913">Siebenrock 1913</bibRefCitation>
), Utaibeh (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B00F62EE8F187F828" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1239,1423,1923,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="41 - 55" refId="ref13716" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1923) Etude sur les Batraciens et les Reptiles rapportes par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville de son voyage zoologique en Syrie (avril-juin 1908). In: Pellegrin, J. (Ed.), Voyage zoologique d'Henri Gadeau de Kerville en Syrie (avril-juin 1908). Tome Quatrieme et Dernier. J. - B. Bailliere, Paris, pp. 41 - 55, pl. vi." type="book chapter" year="1923">Boulenger 1923</bibRefCitation>
), Masil Al-Fawwar, Al-Kab, Masada, N Al-Qunaitra, SW Jubata Al-Khashab, Arnah (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B00572ECCF149F877" author="Esterbauer, H." box="[1142,1345,1959,1986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref14303" refString="Esterbauer, H. (1985 a) Zur Herpetofauna Sudwestsyriens. Herpetofauna, 7 (38), 23 - 34." type="journal article" year="1985">Esterbauer 1985a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B016E2ECCF190F877" author="Esterbauer, H." box="[1359,1432,1959,1986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="389 - 392" refId="ref14326" refString="Esterbauer, H. (1985 b) Okologische und verhaltensbiologische Beobachtungen an der Maurischen Landschildkrote, Testudo graeca terrestris Forskal, 1775 in Sudwestsyrien. Aquarien-Terrarien, 32, 389 - 392." type="journal article" year="1985">1985b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B04B62EA0F4DAF850" author="Esterbauer, H." box="[151,210,1995,2021]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="21 - 54" refId="ref14360" refString="Esterbauer, H. (1992) Die Herpetofauna des ostlichen Golan und Hermongebietes. Funde und Bemerkungen zur Systematik und Okologie. Zoology in the Middle East, 7, 21 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.1992.10637623" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B04FC2EA0F511F850" author="Esterbauer, H." box="[221,281,1995,2021]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref14439" refString="Esterbauer, H. (2022) Die Froschlurche des syrischen Bachsystems Masil al Fawwar. Aqua-Terra Austria, 17, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
), Golan (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC72AFF8B055F2EA0F67EF850" author="Sivan, N. &amp; Werner, Y. L." box="[382,630,1995,2022]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="193 - 211" refId="ref19439" refString="Sivan, N. &amp; Werner, Y. L. (1992) Survey of the reptiles of the Golan plateau and Mt. Hermon. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 37, 193 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00212210.1992.10688655" type="journal article" year="1992">Sivan &amp; Werner 1992</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B06A92EA0F6D5F850" box="[648,733,1995,2021]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
, Nahr Qweiq, Nahr Al-Dhahab, Oasis of
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC72AFF8B00892EA7F116F853" box="[1192,1310,1996,2022]" country="Syria" name="Dimashq" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Damascus</collectingRegion>
, Housh Al-Admal (= Hosch-Odmol), Utaibeh Lake, Yarmouk River, Mzeirib Lake (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC735FF9407E329FCF0B4FF04" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T." box="[962,1212,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref15001" refString="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T. (1997) Zur Systematik westasiatisch - sudosteuropaischer Bachschildkroten (Gattung Mauremys) (Reptilia: Testudines: Bataguridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen, 49, 223 - 260." type="journal article" year="1997">Fritz &amp; Wischuf 1997</bibRefCitation>
), Ein Taqa, Mazraet Mardido, Orontes River near Jourine,
<quantity id="4CE8E9D9C735FF94066329D0F673FF60" box="[578,635,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
NE Masyaf (= Mesiaf;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC735FF9407A429D0F089FF60" author="Vamberger, M. &amp; Stuckas, H. &amp; Ayaz, D. &amp; Lymberakis, P. &amp; Siroky, P. &amp; Fritz, U." box="[901,1153,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="313 - 322" refId="ref20818" refString="Vamberger, M., Stuckas, H., Ayaz, D., Lymberakis, P., Siroky, P. &amp; Fritz, U. (2014) Massive transoceanic gene flow in a freshwater turtle (Testudines: Geoemydidae: Mauremys rivulata). Zoologica Scripta, 43, 313 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12055" type="journal article" year="2014">
Vamberger
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF94002629D0F037FF60" box="[1031,1087,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC735FF9400AD29D0F0C1FF60" author="Vamberger, M. &amp; Stuckas, H. &amp; Vargas-Ramirez, M. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Ayaz, D. &amp; Aloufi, A. A. &amp; Lymberakis, P. &amp; Siroky, P. &amp; Fritz, U." box="[1164,1225,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="401 - 413" refId="ref20888" refString="Vamberger, M., Stuckas, H., Vargas-Ramirez, M., Kehlmaier, C., Ayaz, D., Aloufi, A. A., Lymberakis, P., Siroky, P. &amp; Fritz, U. (2017) Unexpected hybridization patterns in Near Eastern terrapins (Mauremys caspica, M. rivulata) indicate ancient gene flow across the Fertile Crescent. Zoologica Scripta, 46, 401 - 413. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12227" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F14B4C735FF9404B62D0BF617FB75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746778/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" startId="16.[151,250,1120,1144]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1097]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404B62D0BF617FB75" blockId="16.[151,1437,1120,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404B62D0BF52AFBCD" bold="true" box="[151,290,1120,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Balkan terrapins,
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9405C32D0AF6ADFBCD" box="[482,677,1120,1144]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulata">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9405C32D0AF6ADFBCD" box="[482,677,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Mauremys rivulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF94069D2D0BF6C6FBCD" bold="true" box="[700,718,1120,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A</emphasis>
) Al-Alani, upper Orontes (photo: H. Baniasi); (
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9400E02D0BF0DAFBCD" bold="true" box="[1217,1234,1120,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">B</emphasis>
) Masil Al-Fawwar, southwestern Syria (photo: Hans Esterbauer); (
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF94064E2DEFF689FB29" bold="true" box="[623,641,1156,1180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
) Sadd Al-Kafat, southeast Hamah (photo: Ehab Jbr); (
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9400802DEFF0BBFB29" bold="true" box="[1185,1203,1156,1180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">D</emphasis>
) Bhalu, Nahr Al-Qash, east of Latakia (photo: Basel Barakat).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404E62C6FF693FA18" blockId="16.[151,1437,1284,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404E62C6FF5BAFAAB" bold="true" box="[199,434,1284,1310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Museum specimens</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9405E22C6EF60EFAAA" box="[451,518,1285,1311]" country="Syria" name="Hims" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Homs</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9406362C6FF68BFAAB" box="[535,643,1284,1310]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1971.1861),
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF94073A2C6FF765FAAB" box="[795,877,1284,1310]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF94075F2C6FF7B7FAAB" box="[894,959,1284,1310]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NMB</collectionCode>
8297,
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9400302C6EF050FAAA" box="[1041,1112,1285,1311]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NMW</collectionCode>
2201:1, 2212:1, 29656:12,
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9404B62C43F4E5FAF7" box="[151,237,1320,1346]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MNHN</collectionCode>
5834A), Nahr Al-Dhahab (some of them putative hybrids:
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9407B82C43F7E8FAF7" box="[921,992,1320,1346]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NMW</collectionCode>
29659:16, 29660:110), Nahr Qweiq (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9404BE2C20F4E0FAD0" box="[159,232,1355,1381]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NMW</collectionCode>
1741:1, 1746:1, 15082:12, 15084:13, 15098:13, 29655:15, 29657:13, 29658:14), Naseeb (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9401722C20F194FAD0" box="[1363,1436,1355,1381]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">NMW</collectionCode>
18881:12), Housh Al-Admal (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9405D72C04F638FA3C" box="[502,560,1391,1417]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SMF</collectionCode>
75481), Mzeirib Lake (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF94071D2C04F77EFA3C" box="[828,886,1391,1417]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SMF</collectionCode>
75487, 75489), Utaibeh (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9400B72C04F10AFA3C" box="[1174,1282,1391,1417]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1909.4.20.1 6), Yarmouk River (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C735FF9405572CF9F5EAFA19" box="[374,482,1426,1452]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1864.8.23.156).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404E62CDEF64FFA46" blockId="16.[151,1437,1284,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404E62CDEF5DEFA65" bold="true" box="[199,470,1461,1488]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Citizen science records</emphasis>
: Al-Qatriyeh, Az-Zubar,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9406CD2CDDF74BFA65" box="[748,835,1462,1488]" country="Syria" name="Al Ladhiqiyah" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Latakia</collectingRegion>
, Psnada, Qismeen,
<quantity id="4CE8E9D9C735FF9400392CDDF058FA65" box="[1048,1104,1462,1488]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
N
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF94004E2CDDF0CEFA65" box="[1135,1222,1462,1488]" country="Syria" name="Tartus" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Tartous</collectingRegion>
, (iNaturalist 2023),
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9404B62CB1F531FA46" box="[151,313,1497,1524]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Homs, Hamah</collectingRegion>
(observation.org 2023).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404E62C96F549F9E8" blockId="16.[151,1437,1284,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404E62C96F577F9A2" bold="true" box="[199,383,1533,1559]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Recent records</emphasis>
: Al-Alani, Al-Bassah, Al-Nawras Beach, Bhalu, Daraa,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9400342C96F061F9A2" box="[1045,1129,1533,1559]" country="Syria" name="Hamah" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Hamah</collectingRegion>
, Helfaya,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9400C52C96F122F9A2" box="[1252,1322,1533,1559]" country="Syria" name="Hims" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Homs</collectingRegion>
, Jisr ech-Choghur, Jourin,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9405792F4BF5A7F98F" box="[344,431,1568,1594]" country="Syria" name="Al Ladhiqiyah" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Latakia</collectingRegion>
, Nahr Al-Kabir Al-Shemali, Nahr Qweiq (
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9407A32F4BF7D2F98F" box="[898,986,1568,1594]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
), Sadd Al-Kafat,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9400B92F4AF0E7F98E" box="[1176,1263,1569,1595]" country="Syria" name="Tartus" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Tartous</collectingRegion>
, Um et-Toyour, Yafour, Zakia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C735FF9404E62F0CF7C3F8BA" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404E62F0CF7C3F8BA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1284,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404E62F0CF5B5F934" bold="true" box="[199,445,1639,1665]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC735FF94055C2F0CF5B5F934" box="[381,445,1639,1665]" name="Syria" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Syria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Widespread and abundant. Its distribution in Syria extends from
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9400B52F0CF0EEF934" box="[1172,1254,1639,1665]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
and the Orontes Basin over the coastal region to the surroundings of
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC735FF9406CE2FE0F76AF910" box="[751,866,1675,1701]" country="Syria" name="Dimashq" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Damascus</collectingRegion>
and the southern region in Daraa and Golan (
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C735FF94014E2FE1F4BEF97C" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,191,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,1365]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 15. Records of Mauremys rivulata in Syria. Black circles: previous records, blue circles: recently confirmed previous records, red circles: new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746780/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). In the Sabkhat Al-Jabboul,
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9406252FC4F68CF97D" box="[516,644,1710,1736]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulata">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9406252FC4F68CF97D" box="[516,644,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">M. rivulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became extinct more than fifty years ago after the drying up of Nahr Al-Dhahab. According to morphology, some
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9406AD2FB9F709F95E" box="[652,769,1746,1771]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9406AD2FB9F709F95E" box="[652,769,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Mauremys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Nahr Al-Dahab showed traits of
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9400922FB9F126F95E" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1203,1326,1746,1771]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9400922FB9F126F95E" box="[1203,1326,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">M. caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although they resembled
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9405692F9DF5CFF8BA" box="[328,455,1781,1807]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulata">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9405692F9DF5CFF8BA" box="[328,455,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">M. rivulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in gross morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC735FF9406E52F9EF7B6F8BA" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T." box="[708,958,1781,1807]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref15001" refString="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T. (1997) Zur Systematik westasiatisch - sudosteuropaischer Bachschildkroten (Gattung Mauremys) (Reptilia: Testudines: Bataguridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen, 49, 223 - 260." type="journal article" year="1997">Fritz &amp; Wischuf 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C735FF9404E62E73F598F874" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404E62E73F102F8CC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1284,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404E62E73F53CF887" bold="true" box="[199,308,1816,1842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Remarks</emphasis>
: Based on morphology,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC735FF94066E2E73F755F887" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T." box="[591,861,1816,1842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref15001" refString="Fritz, U. &amp; Wischuf, T. (1997) Zur Systematik westasiatisch - sudosteuropaischer Bachschildkroten (Gattung Mauremys) (Reptilia: Testudines: Bataguridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen, 49, 223 - 260." type="journal article" year="1997">Fritz &amp; Wischuf (1997)</bibRefCitation>
reported a few
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9400372E72F083F887" box="[1046,1163,1817,1842]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9400372E72F083F887" box="[1046,1163,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Mauremys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with intermediate traits between
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9404DD2E56F570F8E3" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[252,376,1853,1878]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9404DD2E56F570F8E3" box="[252,376,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">M. caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC735FF9405912E56F627F8E3" box="[432,559,1852,1878]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Mauremys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulata">
<emphasis id="B964982EC735FF9405912E56F627F8E3" box="[432,559,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">M. rivulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Nahr Al-Dhahab (“Nahr ed Deheb”) in
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC735FF94007D2E57F09FF8E3" box="[1116,1175,1852,1878]" name="Syria" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Syria</collectingCountry>
(voucher specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, NMW 29659:16, 29660:110). This population is now extinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC735FF9404E62EE8F598F874" blockId="16.[151,1437,1284,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
GBIF contains 349 putative records for
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC735FF9406B32EE8F6D9F828" box="[658,721,1923,1949]" name="Syria" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Syria</collectingCountry>
. However, only 10 of these are located within
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC735FF9400CA2EE8F122F828" box="[1259,1322,1923,1949]" name="Syria" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Syria</collectingCountry>
; the other records lie in
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC735FF9405112ECCF584F874" box="[304,396,1959,1985]" name="Turkey" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,73 +1,75 @@
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(
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; voucher specimen in the Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden,
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<emphasis id="B964982EC730FF9107FC2BBCF01DFD44" box="[989,1045,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2007
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), Maalula, Seidnaya, Ain Al- Beida, Qalat Merza, Mesiaf, Al-Kafr, Sweida, between Sweida and Salah, Dar Tazah, Qalat Samaan (
), Maalula, Seidnaya, Ain Al-Beida, Qalat Merza, Mesiaf, Al-Kafr, Sweida, between Sweida and Salah, Dar Tazah, Qalat Samaan (
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Fritz
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@ -413,12 +413,12 @@ N Atil (
0202), Tahonat Al-Halawa (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C733FF9207D32F9DF045F8A5" box="[1010,1101,1782,1808]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">JUSTM</collectionCode>
201), E Al-Rashiedeh (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C733FF9201752F9DF194F8A5" box="[1364,1436,1782,1808]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">NMP-</collectionCode>
P6V 34915, 70504).
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C733FF9201752F9DF194F8A5" box="[1364,1436,1782,1808]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">NMP-P</collectionCode>
6V 34915, 70504).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC733FF9304E62E55F76EFF60" blockId="22.[151,1437,1530,2025]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B964982EC733FF9204E62E55F5D7F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,479,1854,1880]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Citizen science records</emphasis>
: Ad-Difleh, Ain Aaisheh, Ain at-Teineh, Ain ej-Jajeh, Al-Breikhiyeh, Al-Jbeiliyeh, Al-Khaldiyeh, Al-Kneisat, Al-Maliyeh, Al-Marqab, Al-Mzeiraa, Al-Qallouf, Al-Sqeilbiyeh, ash-Shabtaliyah, ash- Shamiyeh, ash-Sheikh Badr, as-Sarsakiyah, as-Sarsakiyah, as-Sukkariyeh, at-Tabrah, at-Teiha, Balluran, Baqu, Bashbatah,Al-Hasriyeh, Beit Al-Jabal, Beit Nafleh, Beit Shouhr, Burj Islam, Burmanah, Fadrah, Ghmam, Habbabah, Haffah, Hammam Al-Qarahleh, Jneinat Raslan, Jubb Al-Amlas, Jubb Ramlah, Kafr Sneif, Kafriyeh ash-Sharqiyeh, Kersana, Kherbat Abu Hamdan, Kherbat aj-Jouziyeh, Kherbat Al-Fars, NabAl-Ghaqah, Nab Al-Sakher, Palmyra, Safita, Salma, Sarai, Squbeen, Um et-Toyour (iNaturalist 2023).
: Ad-Difleh, Ain Aaisheh, Ain at-Teineh, Ain ej-Jajeh, Al-Breikhiyeh, Al-Jbeiliyeh, Al-Khaldiyeh, Al-Kneisat, Al-Maliyeh, Al-Marqab, Al-Mzeiraa, Al-Qallouf, Al-Sqeilbiyeh, ash-Shabtaliyah, ash-Shamiyeh, ash-Sheikh Badr, as-Sarsakiyah, as-Sarsakiyah, as-Sukkariyeh, at-Tabrah, at-Teiha, Balluran, Baqu, Bashbatah,Al-Hasriyeh, Beit Al-Jabal, Beit Nafleh, Beit Shouhr, Burj Islam, Burmanah, Fadrah, Ghmam, Habbabah, Haffah, Hammam Al-Qarahleh, Jneinat Raslan, Jubb Al-Amlas, Jubb Ramlah, Kafr Sneif, Kafriyeh ash-Sharqiyeh, Kersana, Kherbat Abu Hamdan, Kherbat aj-Jouziyeh, Kherbat Al-Fars, NabAl-Ghaqah, Nab Al-Sakher, Palmyra, Safita, Salma, Sarai, Squbeen, Um et-Toyour (iNaturalist 2023).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC732FF9304E629B4F736FE18" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B964982EC732FF9304E629B4F577FF4C" bold="true" box="[199,383,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Recent records</emphasis>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
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<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504B62F28F6C2F9E8" blockId="17.[151,714,1603,1666]" box="[151,714,1603,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<heading id="D0E7F350C734FF9504B62F28F6C2F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,714,1603,1630]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504B62F28F6C2F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,714,1603,1630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC734FF9504B62F28F582F9EB" ID-CoL="6X45Z" authority="(Olivier in Daudin, 1801)" box="[151,394,1603,1630]" class="Testudines" family="Trionychidae" genus="Rafetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euphraticus">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504B62F28F582F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,394,1603,1630]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Rafetus euphraticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Olivier in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF95063A2F28F6CAF9E8" author="Daudin, F. M." box="[539,706,1603,1629]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref14188" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1801) Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Reptiles. Tome Second. F. Dufart, Paris, 432 pp." type="book" year="1801">Daudin, 1801</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504B62F03F62DF937" blockId="17.[151,714,1603,1666]" box="[151,549,1640,1666]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
Euphrates Softshell Turtle (
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C734FF9505EA2F03F614F937" box="[459,540,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,630,654]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,606]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[151,1436,181,606]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Euphrates softshell turtle, Rafetus euphraticus. (A) Young individual,Al-Hseiniyeh; (B) adult individual, at-Tebni (photos: Ahmad Aidek)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746782/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C734FF9504B62FC4F6C1F97F" box="[151,713,1711,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504B62FC4F5C9F97C" bold="true" box="[151,449,1711,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">IUCN Red List Category</emphasis>
: Endangered (EN A4c)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C734FF9704E62FBFF502FEF4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504E62FBFF6A1F8A7" blockId="17.[151,1437,1711,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<materialsCitation id="3B784E61C734FF9504E62FBFF6AEF8A7" country="Iraq" location="Al-Anbar" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Anbar" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504E62FBFF556F958" bold="true" box="[199,350,1747,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<typeStatus id="54ABFA9EC734FF9504E62FBFF50AF95B" box="[199,258,1748,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
: “Le Tigre et lEuphrate” [
<collectorName id="26E521EAC734FF9506A52FBFF6C1F95B" box="[644,713,1748,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Tigris</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26E521EAC734FF9506DC2FBFF7C9F95B" box="[765,961,1748,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Euphrates Rivers</collectorName>
]; restricted to Euphrates (
<collectorName id="26E521EAC734FF9500F82FBFF13DF95B" box="[1241,1333,1748,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Al Firat</collectorName>
), vicinity of Anah,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC734FF9504DC2F93F560F8A7" box="[253,360,1784,1810]" country="Iraq" name="Al Anbar" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Al-Anbar</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC734FF9505562F93F5AFF8A7" box="[375,423,1784,1810]" name="Iraq" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Iraq</collectingCountry>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF9505F82F93F6AEF8A7" author="Bour, R. &amp; Dubois, A. &amp; Webb, R. G." box="[473,678,1783,1810]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref13884" refString="Bour, R., Dubois, A. &amp; Webb, R. G. (1995) Types of recent trionychid turtles in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Dumerilia, 2, 73 - 92." type="journal article" year="1995">
Bour
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9506392F93F658F8A7" box="[536,592,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504E62E77F582F8EF" blockId="17.[151,1437,1711,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504E62E77F57FF880" bold="true" box="[199,375,1819,1846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Type specimen</emphasis>
: Not located, but the animal figured on plate
<quantity id="4CE8E9D9C734FF95075A2E77F7BDF883" box="[891,949,1820,1846]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0413999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="in" value="41.0">41 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF95079D2E77F069F883" author="Daudin, F. M." box="[956,1121,1820,1846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref14188" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1801) Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Reptiles. Tome Second. F. Dufart, Paris, 432 pp." type="book" year="1801">Daudin (1801)</bibRefCitation>
was designated as
<typeStatus id="54ABFA9EC734FF95011B2E77F194F883" box="[1338,1436,1820,1846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF95049B2E2BF58FF8EF" author="Bour, R. &amp; Dubois, A. &amp; Webb, R. G." box="[186,391,1855,1882]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref13884" refString="Bour, R., Dubois, A. &amp; Webb, R. G. (1995) Types of recent trionychid turtles in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Dumerilia, 2, 73 - 92." type="journal article" year="1995">
Bour
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504D82E2BF539F8EF" box="[249,305,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504E62E08F693F8CB" blockId="17.[151,1437,1711,2026]" box="[199,667,1891,1918]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504E62E08F54EF8C8" bold="true" box="[199,326,1891,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Chorotype</emphasis>
: SW Asiatic (Mesopotamian).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504E62EECF7B8F817" blockId="17.[151,1437,1711,2026]" box="[199,944,1927,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504E62EECF583F814" bold="true" box="[199,395,1927,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">First records for</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9505B22EECF5DBF814" bold="true" box="[403,467,1927,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC734FF9505B22EECF5DBF814" box="[403,467,1927,1953]" name="Syria" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Syria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC734FF9505C12EE3F659F817" box="[480,593,1928,1954]" country="Syria" name="Ar Raqqah" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Ar-Raqqa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC734FF95067B2EE3F6DAF817" box="[602,722,1928,1954]" country="Syria" name="Al Hasakah" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Al-Hasaka</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF9506C12EE3F7ABF817" author="Siebenrock, F." box="[736,931,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="171 - 225" refId="ref19218" refString="Siebenrock, F. (1913) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition nach Mesopotamien, 1910. Schildkroten aus Syrien und Mesopotamien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 27, 171 - 225." type="journal article" year="1913">Siebenrock 1913</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC734FF9504E62EC0F5DBF85F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1711,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B964982EC734FF9504E62EC0F577F873" bold="true" box="[199,383,1963,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Literature data</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC734FF9505AC2EC7F5F6F873" box="[397,510,1964,1990]" country="Syria" name="Ar Raqqah" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Ar-Raqqa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC734FF9506262EC7F677F873" box="[519,639,1964,1990]" country="Syria" name="Al Hasakah" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Al-Hasaka</collectingRegion>
(= Hsitsche;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF9507372EC7F7DFF873" author="Siebenrock, F." box="[790,983,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="171 - 225" refId="ref19218" refString="Siebenrock, F. (1913) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition nach Mesopotamien, 1910. Schildkroten aus Syrien und Mesopotamien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 27, 171 - 225." type="journal article" year="1913">Siebenrock 1913</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC734FF9507CA2EC7F059F873" box="[1003,1105,1964,1990]" country="Syria" name="Ar Raqqah" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">ar-Raqqa</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF9500412EC7F12DF873" author="Kinzelbach, R." box="[1120,1317,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="83 - 87" refId="ref16304" refString="Kinzelbach, R. (1986) Recent records of the Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis, and the Euphrates soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx euphraticus, in the Middle East. Zoology in the Middle East, 1, 83 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.1986.10637519" type="journal article" year="1986">Kinzelbach 1986</bibRefCitation>
), at-Tebni, Al-Hseiniyeh (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC734FF95051D2EBBF5CFF85F" author="Aidek, E. A." box="[316,455,2000,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref12916" refString="Aidek, E. A. (2010) A Guide to the Biodiversity of Deir ez - Zor Area. Al-Quds House for Sciences, Damascus, 112 pp." type="book" year="2010">Aidek 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F14B4C737FF9604B62B1DF584FD07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746782/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" startId="18.[151,250,630,654]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,606]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC737FF9604B62B1DF584FD07" blockId="18.[151,1436,630,690]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B964982EC737FF9604B62B1DF517FD3B" bold="true" box="[151,287,630,654]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Euphrates softshell turtle,
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC737FF96060D2B1CF6FDFD3B" box="[556,757,630,655]" class="Testudines" family="Trionychidae" genus="Rafetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euphraticus">
<emphasis id="B964982EC737FF96060D2B1CF6FDFD3B" box="[556,757,630,655]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Rafetus euphraticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (
<emphasis id="B964982EC737FF9607282B1DF713FD3B" bold="true" box="[777,795,630,654]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A</emphasis>
) Young individual, Al-Hseiniyeh; (
<emphasis id="B964982EC737FF96005E2B1CF098FD3A" bold="true" box="[1151,1168,631,655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">B</emphasis>
) adult individual, at-Tebni (photos: Ahmad Aidek).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6F14B4C737FF9604B62EEAF5D5F808" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746784/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" startId="18.[151,250,1921,1945]" targetBox="[161,1429,725,1891]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC737FF9604B62EEAF5D5F808" blockId="18.[151,1436,1921,1981]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B964982EC737FF9604B62EEAF517F82C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1921,1945]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
Records of
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC737FF9605B82EE9F66BF82C" box="[409,611,1921,1946]" class="Testudines" family="Trionychidae" genus="Rafetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euphraticus">
<emphasis id="B964982EC737FF9605B82EE9F66BF82C" box="[409,611,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Rafetus euphraticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Syria. Black circles: previous records, blue circle: recently confirmed previous record, red circles: new records.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E629FCF6BFFF60" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9704E629FCF5BDFF05" bold="true" box="[199,437,150,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Museum specimens</emphasis>
: Jarablus (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C736FF97061929FCF689FF04" box="[568,641,151,177]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">NMW</collectionCode>
1856:1),
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC736FF9706D729FCF766FF04" box="[758,878,151,177]" country="Syria" name="Al Hasakah" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Al-Hasaka</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C736FF9707A029FCF7C2FF04" box="[897,970,151,177]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">NMW</collectionCode>
30291:34),
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC736FF97004A29FCF0D9FF04" box="[1131,1233,151,177]" country="Syria" name="Ar Raqqah" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">ar-Raqqa</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C736FF9700C529FCF125FF04" box="[1252,1325,151,177]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">NMW</collectionCode>
30282:1, 30283:1, 30892:1), ar-Rasafah (
<collectionCode id="ED01DCF9C736FF9705DA29D0F64CFF60" box="[507,580,187,213]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">NMW</collectionCode>
30895:1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E629B5F756FF4C" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,862,222,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9704E629B5F5C6FF4C" bold="true" box="[199,462,222,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Citizen science record</emphasis>
: Abu Qbei (observation.org 2023).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E62868F502FEF4" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9704E62868F571FEA8" bold="true" box="[199,377,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Recent records</emphasis>
: Al-Bseireh,
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC736FF97062A2868F68EFEA8" box="[523,646,259,285]" country="Syria" name="Al Hasakah" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Al-Hasaka</collectingRegion>
, Al-Jamel, Gharaneij, Muhasan, Sadd Mazkaft, Sadd Tishreen, Tabqah, Tell Tamr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C736FF9704E62821F0B3FE3C" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E62821F0B3FE3C" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9704E62821F5C8FED1" bold="true" box="[199,448,330,356]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC736FF9705A12821F5C8FED1" box="[384,448,330,356]" name="Syria" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Syria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Along the Euphrates River and the upper Al-Khabour River, but very rare. Its numbers have declined significantly in recent years as it was often caught in fishermens lines (
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C736FF97007B2804F0A6FE3C" box="[1114,1198,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,725,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-48@18.[151,1436,715,1898]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Records of Rafetus euphraticus in Syria. Black circles: previous records, blue circle: recently confirmed previous record, red circles: new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746784/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A17B7C736FF9704E628F8F139FDD4" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E628F8F7E1FE64" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9704E628F8F53CFE18" bold="true" box="[199,308,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8139CDC736FF97056828F8F650FE18" author="TaSkavak, E. &amp; Atatur, M. K. &amp; Ghaffari, H. &amp; Meylan, P. A." box="[329,600,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refId="ref20195" refString="TaSkavak, E., Atatur, M. K., Ghaffari, H. &amp; Meylan, P. A. (2016) Rafetus euphraticus (Daudin 1801) - Euphrates softshell turtle. In: Rhodin, A. G. J., Iverson, J. B., van Dijk, P. P., Saumure, R. A., Buhlmann, K. A., Pritchard, P. C. H. &amp; Mittermeier, R. A. (Eds.), Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: A compilation project of the IUCN / SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs, 5, 98.1 - 98.11. https: // doi. org / 10.3854 / crm. 5.098. euphraticus. v 1.2016" type="journal volume" year="2016">
TaŞkavak
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9705E128F8F5F7FE18" box="[448,511,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
provided comprehensive information about distribution, classification, nesting, threats, etc. but without any additional information related to
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC736FF97078728DCF7EDFE64" box="[934,997,439,465]" name="Syria" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Syria</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E628B0F12EFD88" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
Specimen NMW 30895:1 are viscera collected from ar-Rasafah. This site is arid and far from the river, so it is most likely that they were carried there by a predator from the vicinity of
<collectingRegion id="49D48ADEC736FF9707EA2894F03DFDAC" box="[971,1077,511,537]" country="Syria" name="Ar Raqqah" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">ar-Raqqa</collectingRegion>
. Ar-Rasafah (see
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C736FF9700D62894F170FDAC" box="[1271,1400,511,537]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="34.[151,289,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="APPENDIX 1. Own, published and museum distribution data used for the present study." pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
) is not shown on the distribution map for
<taxonomicName id="4C103FBFC736FF9706642B48F6E0FD88" box="[581,744,547,573]" class="Testudines" family="Trionychidae" genus="Rafetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euphraticus">
<emphasis id="B964982EC736FF9706642B48F6E0FD88" box="[581,744,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">R. euphraticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C736FF9706D92B48F741FD88" box="[760,841,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,725,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-48@18.[151,1436,715,1898]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Records of Rafetus euphraticus in Syria. Black circles: previous records, blue circle: recently confirmed previous record, red circles: new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746784/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) but included in the grid cell map (
<figureCitation id="132B58B9C736FF9700F52B48F110FD88" box="[1236,1304,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[304,1292,198,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[292,1295,181,1922]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Species diversity of turtles and tortoises (total number of species recorded per 20x20 km grid cell) projected on the (A) topographic and (B) biogeographic map of Syria. The grid cells with the highest species diversity (3 or 4 species) are highlighted as full red squares; important areas with conseration priority are indicated by a red border in (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746754/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF443CC736FF9704E62B2CF139FDD4" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,1329,583,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
There are 19 records from
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC736FF9705D22B2CF626FDD4" box="[499,558,583,609]" name="Syria" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Syria</collectingCountry>
on GBIF. Of these, 16 are not from
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC736FF9707E52B2CF7F7FDD4" box="[964,1023,583,609]" name="Syria" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Syria</collectingCountry>
but from
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC736FF97004F2B2CF093FDD4" box="[1134,1179,583,609]" name="Iraq" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Iraq</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30704ACC736FF9700F02B2CF125FDD4" box="[1233,1325,583,609]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,59 +1,59 @@
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locality
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(
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)
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.
).
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.
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in ethanol),
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@ -216,10 +211,10 @@ depth
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,
,
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; during low tide, under a rock,

View file

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Key to the species of the genus
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<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F93FFA1E33A4" box="[151,1436,1688,1710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">- Tables with small discs without peripheral holes or with one circle of peripheral holes............................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309D519BFFB83A1595F4F912FA1E33E1" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F912FA1E33C3" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" box="[151,1436,1717,1739]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F912FA1E33C3" box="[151,1436,1717,1739]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
2 Tables with high spire.......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB83A15906DF911FA1E33C3" ID-CoL="3RJJF" baseAuthorityName="Deichmann" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1294,1436,1717,1739]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maccullochi">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB83A15906DF911FA1E33C3" box="[1294,1436,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">L. maccullochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F974FA1E33E1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" box="[151,1436,1746,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F974FA1E33E1" box="[151,1436,1746,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
- Tables with low spire or no spire..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB83A159068F974FA1E33E1" ID-CoL="3RJJB" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1983" box="[1291,1436,1747,1768]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB83A159068F974FA1E33E1" box="[1291,1436,1747,1768]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">L. americanum</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="309D519BFFB83A1595F4F957FA1E322B" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F957FA1E320C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" box="[151,1436,1776,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F957FA1E320C" box="[151,1436,1776,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">3 Table crown&gt; table disc................................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F8AAFA1E322B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" box="[151,1436,1805,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F8AAFA1E322B" box="[151,1436,1805,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">- Table crown &lt;table disc................................................................................ 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309D519BFFB83A1595F4F88DFA1E3257" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F88DFA1E3249" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" box="[151,1436,1834,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F88DFA1E3249" box="[151,1436,1834,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">4 Table disc with very few or without peripheral holes......................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F8EFFA1E3257" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" box="[151,1436,1864,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F8EFFA1E3257" box="[151,1436,1864,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">- Table disc with one circle of peripheral holes............................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309D519BFFB83A1595F4F8C2FA1E32E6" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F8C2FA1F329E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F8C2FA1F329E" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
5 Rim of table disc spiny, disc with four central holes; table crown with four long acute spines, occasionally bifurcated distally; buttons and pseudo-buttons absent in body wall; anal papillae absent...............................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB83A159193F824FA1F329E" ID-CoL="3RJJJ" authorityName="Massin, Samyn &amp; Thandar" authorityYear="2004" box="[1264,1437,1922,1944]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quadripartitum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB83A159193F824FA1F329E" box="[1264,1437,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">L. quadripartitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB83A1595F4F807FA1E32E6" blockId="15.[151,1437,1658,2032]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFB83A1595F4F807FA1E32E6" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
- Rim of table disc very spiny, disc with four to five central holes; table crown with four to five long acute spines arranged in regular/overlapping; always bifurcated distally; buttons absent in body wall; pseudo-buttons present in body wall; anal papillae present.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB83A15910AF87DFACB32F9" authorityName="Setyastuti &amp; Solis-Marin &amp; Lüter" authorityYear="2024" box="[1129,1353,2010,2032]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="javaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB83A15910AF87DFACB32F9" box="[1129,1353,2010,2032]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Labidodemas javaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB83A159033F87DFA1E32E6" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,2010,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E2857FFB83A159033F87DFA1E32E6" box="[1360,1436,2010,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309D519BFFA73A0A95F4FF30FA1E340D" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFA73A0A95F4FF30FA1E35C3" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFA73A0A95F4FF30FA1E35C3" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
6 Rim of table disc spiny, disc with four to six central holes; table crown with four to five long spines most of them bifurcated distally; table crown&gt; table disc; buttons present in dorsal body wall................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFA73A0A9061FF12FA1E35C3" ID-CoL="3RJJM" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[1282,1436,181,202]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperianum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFA73A0A9061FF12FA1E35C3" box="[1282,1436,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">L. semperianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFA73A0A95F4FF74FA1E340D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFA73A0A95F4FF74FA1E340D" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
- Table disc smooth, disc with five to eight central holes; table crown with five to eight huge spines deeply bifurcated distally; table crown &gt;&gt; table disc (up to twice the diameter); buttons present in dorsal and ventral body wall..
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFA73A0A91DDFF57FA1E340D" ID-CoL="3RJJH" box="[1214,1436,239,261]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudosemperianum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFA73A0A91DDFF57FA1E340D" box="[1214,1436,239,261]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">L. pseudosemperianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309D519BFFA73A0A95F4FEAAFA1E3436" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFA73A0A95F4FEAAFA1E342B" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,379]" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFA73A0A95F4FEAAFA1E342B" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
7 Table spire high, buttons present and smooth........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFA73A0A904CFEAAFA1E342B" ID-CoL="3RJJK" authorityName="Kudingareng-Sulawesi" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1327,1436,269,290]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFA73A0A904CFEAAFA1E342B" box="[1327,1436,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">L. rugosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFA73A0A95F4FE8CFA1E3436" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,379]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFA73A0A95F4FE8CFA1E3436" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">- Table spire low, buttons present or absent; if present, spiny.................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309D519BFFA73A0A95F4FEEFFA1E3473" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFA73A0A95F4FEEFFA1E3454" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,379]" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFA73A0A95F4FEEFFA1E3454" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
8 Table disc with peripheral holes, buttons present; table crown very irregular...............................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFA73A0A9050FEEFFA1E3454" ID-CoL="3RJJN" authorityName="Massin, Samyn &amp; Thandar" authorityYear="2004" box="[1331,1436,328,349]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spineum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFA73A0A9050FEEFFA1E3454" box="[1331,1436,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">L. spineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFA73A0A95F4FEC2FA1E3473" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,379]" box="[151,1436,357,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
<keyLead id="3098EA0BFFA73A0A95F4FEC2FA1E3473" box="[151,1436,357,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
- Table disc nearly always without peripheral holes; buttons absent; table crown regular.......................
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFA73A0A9050FEC2FA1E3473" ID-CoL="3RJJG" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1331,1436,357,378]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pertinax">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFA73A0A9050FEC2FA1E3473" box="[1331,1436,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">L. pertinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation id="3CDA50884E621C8389F11D0489F1F40A">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 - Barcelona, Catalonia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="ECE828F8204415CD29D037306DC43964">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6A269F2A315A909084CB248F58DB37BE" type="CLB-Dataset">303280</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BA03DD322792DD27E084C7E35E2F114E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5507.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB843AFFFB1449B4C8FF544DD3FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13768036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13768036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB843AFFFB1449B4C8FF544DD3FB68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB843AFFFB1449B4C8FF544DD3FB68" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFB144CB4C8FF544BA3FF54" box="[151,1018,222,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB4C8FF544BA3FF54" blockId="2.[151,1018,222,321]" box="[151,1018,222,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="D0A58240FFFB144CB4C8FF544BA3FF54" bold="true" box="[151,1018,222,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB4C8FF544BA3FF54" bold="true" box="[151,1018,222,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB4C8FF544BCCFF54" authority="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,917,222,250]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB4C8FF544922FF57" bold="true" box="[151,379,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
Martínez-Romero, Janšta &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFB144CB4C8FE8848A0FEEC" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB4C8FE884B96FEB3" blockId="2.[151,1018,222,321]" box="[151,975,259,286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<uri id="FFC3392EFFFB144CB4C8FE884B96FEB3" box="[151,975,259,286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB4C8FEAC48A0FEEC" blockId="2.[151,1018,222,321]" box="[151,249,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB4C8FEAC48A0FEEC" box="[151,249,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionStartId-1="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionStartId-2="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionStartId-3="6.[152,255,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,181,1531]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId-1="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId-2="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId-3="figure-35@6.[151,1436,181,1531]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Torymus tumoralis male: (a) head indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) clypeus detail, (c) antenna." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747902" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13747902/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Figs 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFB144CB4C8FEE44D2AFC2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB4C8FEE44C28FE58" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB4C8FEE44913FE24" bold="true" box="[151,330,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFB144CB508FEE449E6FE24" box="[343,447,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB698FEFB4AA9FE27" box="[711,752,368,394]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
, col.
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB768FEE44B28FE24" box="[823,881,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">JP-V</collectionCode>
) with the following labels: “P394: El Sundhó, Calpulalpan (Jilotepec,
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFB144CB5C1FE184A33FE00" box="[414,618,403,429]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Estado de México</collectingRegion>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE6653EBFFFB144CB624FE184B4AFE03" box="[635,787,403,430]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" precision="1" seconds="37.2" value="20.060333">20°337.2 N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6653EBFFFB144CB746FE184B8AFE03" box="[793,979,403,430]" degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" precision="1" seconds="4.293" value="-99.63452">99°384.293 W</geoCoordinate>
, 2688 msnm” (white label); “(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB140FE184DCDFE00" box="[1311,1428,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2019-02-26">26.ii.2019</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB4C8FE3C4903FE7C" box="[151,346,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2019-03-20" valueMax="2019-06-13" valueMin="2019-03-20">20.iii13.vi.2019</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB536FE3C49A8FE7F" box="[361,497,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB536FE3C4997FE7C" box="[361,462,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB63BFE334B91FE7C" authority=", Chagoyan-Garcia" authorityName="Chagoyan-Garcia" box="[612,968,439,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB63BFE334AABFE7C" box="[612,754,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Q. crassipes</emphasis>
, Chagoyán-García
</taxonomicName>
leg.,” (white label); “
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFB144CB095FE3C4D6BFE7C" box="[1226,1330,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB162FE334A7DFE58" authority="Martinez-Romero, Jansta" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB162FE33495BFE58" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
Martínez-Romero, Janšta
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB617FE574A26FE5B" box="[584,639,476,502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">JP-V</collectionCode>
n. sp., desig. Martínez-Romero” (red label).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FD8B4A43FCF0" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFB144CB498FD8B496DFDB7" box="[199,308,512,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB565FE74492CFDB4" box="[314,373,511,537]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB5DFFE744991FDB4" box="[384,456,511,537]" count="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">11♀♀</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34575BCFFFB144CB58DFE744A1CFDB4" box="[466,581,511,537]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: the same data as
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFB144CB755FE744B35FDB4" box="[778,876,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB722FE744BC6FDB4" box="[893,927,511,537]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB7F9FE744B88FDB4" box="[934,977,511,537]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); P043: San Diego Recoba (Hueyotiplan,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB4C8FDA848BBFD90" box="[151,226,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">TLAX</collectionCode>
), 5574493.77N 2151653.81W, 2632 msnm,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB689FDA84B02FD93" box="[726,859,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB689FDA84B62FD90" box="[726,827,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB797FDAF4C0BFD90" box="[968,1106,548,574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB797FDAF4C0BFD90" box="[968,1106,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Q. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB036FDA84CBAFD90" box="[1129,1251,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2010-06-03">03.vi.2010</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB0ADFDA84DC1FD93" box="[1266,1432,547,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2010-08-01" valueMax="2010-08-15" valueMin="2010-08-01">115.viii.2010</date>
, E. Estrada &amp; A. Equihua leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB5A9FDCC4A42FDCC" box="[502,539,583,609]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB677FDCC4A12FDCC" box="[552,587,583,609]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB60BFDCC4A26FDCC" box="[596,639,583,609]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); P066: Huasca de Ocampo (
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB794FDCC4C54FDCC" box="[971,1037,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">HGO</collectionCode>
), 2234005.99 N 545033.45E, 2174 msnm,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB4B8FDE04930FD2B" box="[231,361,619,646]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB4B8FDE04915FD28" box="[231,332,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB58FFDE74A67FD28" box="[464,574,620,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB58FFDE74A67FD28" box="[464,574,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Q. rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB615FDE04A9EFD28" box="[586,711,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2010-06-08">08.vi.2010</date>
),
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB688FDE74B57FD2B" box="[727,782,620,646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">JP-V</collectionCode>
leg (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB71CFDE04B3FFD28" box="[835,870,619,645]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB735FDE04BD4FD28" box="[874,909,619,645]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB7CDFDE04BE4FD28" box="[914,957,619,645]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); P577: Haras (
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB03EFDE04CC2FD28" box="[1121,1179,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">PUE</collectionCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB0F3FDE74D53FD2B" box="[1196,1290,620,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB0F3FDE74D53FD2B" box="[1196,1290,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB175FDE74DCCFD28" box="[1322,1429,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">mexicana</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB4C8FD044945FD07" box="[151,284,655,682]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB4C8FD0448A5FD04" box="[151,252,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral, (
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB5D0FD044A50FD04" box="[399,521,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2022-06-21">21.vi.2022</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB647FD044A9CFD07" box="[536,709,655,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2022-07-15" valueMax="2022-07-31" valueMin="2022-07-15">1531.vii.2022</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB690FD1B4B5FFD07" box="[719,774,656,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">JP-V</collectionCode>
&amp; Cuesta-Porta leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB7A4FD044C47FD04" box="[1019,1054,655,681]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB07BFD044C05FD04" box="[1060,1116,655,681]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB03CFD044CF6FD04" box="[1123,1199,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">CUPC</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB0E6FD044CABFD04" box="[1209,1266,655,681]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB0A7FD044D7AFD04" box="[1272,1315,655,681]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); P479: La Cruz de Tenango (Tenango de Doria,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB668FD384A2DFD60" box="[567,628,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">HGO</collectionCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB6D5FD384B57FD63" box="[650,782,691,718]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB6D5FD384AB6FD60" box="[650,751,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral, (
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB7DFFD384BAFFD63" box="[896,1014,691,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2013-12-05">5.xii-2013</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB05AFD384C28FD60" box="[1029,1137,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2013-01" valueMax="2013-04-31" valueMin="2013-01-00">iiv.2013</date>
, D. Cibrián-Tovar leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB123FD384DC4FD60" box="[1404,1437,691,717]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB4C8FD5C489BFD5C" box="[151,194,727,753]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); P484: La Laguna Seca (San José de Gracia,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB69AFD5C4B58FD5C" box="[709,769,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">AGS</collectionCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB74BFD5C4BC0FD5F" box="[788,921,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB74BFD5C4B20FD5C" box="[788,889,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB05AFD534CDFFD5C" box="[1029,1158,727,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eduardii">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB05AFD534CDFFD5C" box="[1029,1158,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Q. eduardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB0C3FD5C4D4FFD5C" box="[1180,1302,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2019-09-10">10.ix.2019</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB17AFD5C4DCEFD5F" box="[1317,1431,727,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2019-10-15">15.x.2019</date>
, I. Montoya leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB50AFD70492FFCB8" box="[341,374,763,789]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB523FD7049FEFCB8" box="[380,423,763,789]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); P522: El Puerto (
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB625FD704AEDFCB8" box="[634,692,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">PUE</collectionCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB698FD704B12FCBB" box="[711,843,763,790]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB698FD704B75FCB8" box="[711,812,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Andricus</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
tumoral,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB7E9FD774C62FCBB" box="[950,1083,764,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB7E9FD774C4DFCBB" box="[950,1044,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Quercus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB015FD704C9AFCB8" box="[1098,1219,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2012-09-12">12.ix.2012</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB08DFD704D70FCB8" box="[1234,1321,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2012-11">xi.2012</date>
, A. Pérez-García leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB574FC944914FC94" box="[299,333,799,825]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB507FC9449DAFC94" box="[344,387,799,825]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
); 428448: Parque Nacional el Tepozteco (
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB724FC944B99FC94" box="[891,960,799,825]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3ry3-9mkc" name="Museum of the Rockies" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">MOR</collectionCode>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB787FC944C24FC97" box="[984,1149,799,826]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB787FC944C01FC94" box="[984,1112,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Melikaiella</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFB144CB0D2FCAB4D4EFC94" box="[1165,1303,800,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB0D2FCAB4D4EFC94" box="[1165,1303,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Q. castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB175FC944DCDFC94" box="[1322,1428,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2011-09-01">1.ix.2011</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFB144CB4C8FCC848B4FCF0" box="[151,237,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2011-09">ix.2011</date>
, L. Valencia leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFB144CB5E4FCC84985FCF0" box="[443,476,835,861]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFB144CB5BDFCC84A54FCF0" box="[482,525,835,861]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">UB</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FCEC4D2AFC2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" box="[199,1395,871,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB498FCEC49EBFC2C" bold="true" box="[199,434,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFB144CB498FCEC496DFC2C" box="[199,308,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
condition.
</emphasis>
Air dried and glued with gum arabic on its left side on a white rectangular cardboard.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFB144CB498FC0049A6FC64" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FC0049A6FC64" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB498FC004911FC08" bold="true" box="[199,328,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name of the species refers to the Latin tumor, reflecting the shape of the oak galls from which most of the specimens emerged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFB144CB498FC584BB1FB0C" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FC584BB1FB0C" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB498FC58491BFC40" bold="true" box="[199,322,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of this new species are characterised by having the head and mesosoma metallic blue-green with coppery and blue-green reflections, and the metasoma laterally and all legs except the coxae yellowish (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB130FC7C4896FB98" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
Fig. 1a
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB4EDFB904899FB98" bold="true" box="[178,192,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155"></emphasis>
e
</figureCitation>
); further, females have a distinct medial carina on the propodeum (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB793FB904C46FB98" box="[972,1055,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
), the tip of hypopygium reaching the tip of the gaster (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB523FBB44993FBF4" box="[380,458,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
) and the length of the ovipositor about 5× as long as the metasoma (OI = 10.2
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB170FBB44D64FBF4" bold="true" box="[1327,1341,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155"></emphasis>
10.8). In both sexes the metafemur ventrally is noticeably bulged subapically (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB7FCFBE84BADFBD0" box="[931,1012,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
), the clypeus is broadly bilobed (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB135FBE848EAFB0C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Figs 1a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB49FFB0C4886FB0C" box="[192,223,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-35@6.[151,1436,181,1531]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Torymus tumoralis male: (a) head indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) clypeus detail, (c) antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747902/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">4b</figureCitation>
), and the tri-radiating veins of the stigma are inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB7D3FB0C4B83FB0C" box="[908,986,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFB1449B498FB2049C0FEEC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FB2048BFFB44" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB498FB204900FB68" bold="true" box="[199,345,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Description.</emphasis>
FEMALE (N = 4). Body length excluding ovipositor 3.0
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFFB144CB04CFB204C29FB6B" box="[1043,1136,1195,1222]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; length of ovipositor
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFFB144CB12DFB2048BBFB44" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10 12mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FB784D40FA48" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB498FB78494FFAA0" box="[199,278,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Colour</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB577FB7849FDFAA0" box="[296,420,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1a,c,d</figureCitation>
). Head metallic blue-green with coppery and blue-green reflections. Antenna with scape yellowish, pedicel brownish yellow, and funicle and clava brown; all sensilla light yellow. Mesosoma metallic blue with green and coppery reflections. Mesepimeron deep blue. Metapleuron blue, sometimes with green reflection. Legs yellowish, except procoxa and mesocoxa brown with green metallic areas, metacoxa metallic blue with green reflection anteriorly and laterally.Wings hyaline, venation and pilosity brown (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB7A8FA084C1BFA30" box="[1015,1090,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
). Metasoma yellowish laterally (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB4C0FA2C48B7FA6C" box="[159,238,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
), similar to coloration of legs, dorsally brownish with blue-green metallic reflections on Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFB144CB0BDFA314CB3FA65" attach="left" box="[1250,1258,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">3</subScript>
to Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFB144CB177FA324D69FA6A" attach="left" box="[1320,1328,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">5</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB163FA2C4DD4FA6C" box="[1340,1421,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor sheaths dark brown, covered by brown setae, ovipositor light brown. Body setation whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFB144CB498FA644A95F8E0" blockId="2.[151,1437,367,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFB144CB498FA64495DF9A4" box="[199,260,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB54CFA644921F9A4" box="[275,376,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 2a,b</figureCitation>
) coriaceous with shallow setose punctations, setae thin as long as diameter of torulus; clypeus and supraclypeal area coriaceous, with some piliferous punctures; scrobal depression finely coriaceous-reticulate, without setae. Head in frontal view 1.31.5× as broad as high, in dorsal view 1.92.1× as broad as long, and in dorsal view 1.11.2× as broad as mesonotum at its widest part; clypeus transverse, 0.4× as high as wide, with ventral margin broadly bilobed and delimited laterally by wide lateral clypeal sulci (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB02EF9F44C9FF934" box="[1137,1222,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
); epistomal sulcus inconspicuous. Malar space 0.50.6× as long as width of oral fossa and 0.4× as long as eye height; malar sulcus present only in upper third of its length. Eye 2.12.3× as high as long. Ventral margin of torulus slightly below middle of eye (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB51EF96049CAF8A8" box="[321,403,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
). Transfacial line 0.7× as long as height of eye. Temple strongly converging, slightly shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus. Ocelli large (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB6C4F8844AA9F884" box="[667,752,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
), POL 2.32.5× OOL, OOL 1.3× LOD and as long as LOL. Occipital carina present; dorsally arched (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFB144CB634F8B84AE6F8E0" box="[619,703,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFFA144DB4C7F8C14C32F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" startId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" targetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFA144DB4C7F8C14C32F82A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1866,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFA144DB4C7F8C14941F8CF" bold="true" box="[152,280,1866,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFA144DB542F8C04980F8CF" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[285,473,1866,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFA144DB542F8C04980F8CF" box="[285,473,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFFD144AB4C7FA904C5DFAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" startId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFD144AB4C7FA904C5DFAFA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1307,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFD144AB4C7FA904940FA9E" bold="true" box="[152,281,1307,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFD144AB57EFA974986FA9E" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,479,1307,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFD144AB57EFA974986FA9E" box="[289,479,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFD144AB498FA214C8BF9DA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFD144AB498FA21497DFA69" box="[199,292,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB56CFA2249DAFA69" box="[307,387,1449,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
). Scape 3.34.3× as long as broad and pedicel slightly longer than broad; scape reaching dorsal margin of anterior ocellus; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.4× as long as width of head. Flagellum with one anellus; slightly broadening, with funicle segments clearly longer than broad except F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB0C1F98F4CFFF9BF" attach="left" box="[1182,1190,1540,1554]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">7</subScript>
which is 1.11.2× as long as broad; F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB514F9A3490AF99B" attach="left" box="[331,339,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">1</subScript>
shorter than F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB5AAF9A349A4F99B" attach="left" box="[501,509,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">2</subScript>
, 1.61.7× as long as broad; F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB718F9A34B16F99B" attach="left" box="[839,847,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">2</subScript>
the longest funicle segment, wider than F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB17CF9A34D72F99B" attach="left" box="[1315,1323,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">1</subScript>
, 1.71.8× as long as broad; F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB52DF9C74923F9F7" attach="left" box="[370,378,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">3</subScript>
and F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB59BF9C74995F9F7" attach="left" box="[452,460,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">4</subScript>
slightly shorter than F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB68EF9C74A80F9F7" attach="left" box="[721,729,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">2</subScript>
and of roughly equal width, F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB067F9C74C19F9F7" attach="left" box="[1080,1088,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">5</subScript>
F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB001F9C74C3FF9F7" attach="left" box="[1118,1126,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">7</subScript>
same length as F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB16FF9C74D61F9F7" attach="left" box="[1328,1336,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">1</subScript>
, slightly wider than F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB57AF9FB4974F9D3" attach="left" box="[293,301,1648,1662]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">3</subScript>
and F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFD144AB52CF9FB4922F9D3" attach="left" box="[371,379,1648,1662]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">4</subScript>
; all funicular segments with three rows of MPS; clava 1.8× as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFD144BB498F909490DFEB0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFD144AB498F9094966F936" box="[199,319,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB50AF90A49E9F931" box="[341,432,1665,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Figs 1c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB59BF90A49A1F936" box="[452,504,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-35@4.[151,1436,181,1283]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) head in frontal view indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (c) antenna and detail of clava, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747898/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">2b,d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB655F90A4A64F936" box="[522,573,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">3a,b</figureCitation>
). Collar of pronotum, most of mesoscutum and posterior two thirds of mesoscutellar disc coriaceous-striate with setose punctations, the distance between the punctations up to their diameter; posterior part of mid lobe of mesoscutum and one third of anterior part of mesoscutellar disc less regularly sculptured, with deeper and more irregular punctations, the distance between them up to their diameter, and length of setae about 23× punctation diameter; notauli deeply impressed, with punctures; frenum demarcated from mesoscutellar disc by frenal groove, one third length of mesoscutellum, irregularly striate, the sculpture similar to a fingerprint; marginal rim complete, with short vertical carinae anteriorly. Dorsellum smooth (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB09CF8D24D4FF8DE" box="[1219,1302,1881,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
). Metanotal trough weakly differentiated, transversed by some longitudinal carinae (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB798F8F64C45F83A" box="[967,1052,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
). Propodeum (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFD144AB09CF8F64D4FF83A" box="[1219,1302,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
) irregularly coriaceous with curved stria on the disc, anteriorly with short longitudinal costulae, curved outward in posterior half; propodeal median carina complete (rarely inconspicuous); prespiracular carina inconspicuous; spiracle 2.0× its own diameter from posterior edge of propodeum; propodeal callus with rugae and densely setose. Mesepimeron (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFC144BB4C0FF3048B6FF78" box="[159,239,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
) weakly alutaceous to smooth. Mesosoma 1.51.7× as long as broad; pronotum in dorsal view 0.40.5× as long as mesoscutum; anterior distance of notauli about 0.6 and posterior distance 1.61.7; mesoscutellum 1.01.2× as long as broad.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFFC144BB4C7F95C4A4FF8B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" startId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFC144BB4C7F95C4A4FF8B9" blockId="5.[151,1436,1751,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFC144BB4C7F95C4943F942" bold="true" box="[152,282,1751,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFC144BB57DF95349BBF95D" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,482,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFC144BB57DF95349BBF95D" box="[290,482,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFC144BB543F880497AF8B4" attach="left" box="[284,291,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">1</subScript>
Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFC144BB515F8804908F8B4" attach="left" box="[330,337,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">4</subScript>
and emarginations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFC144BB498F8EC49BFF841" blockId="5.[151,1437,1894,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFC144BB498F8EC48A5F82D" box="[199,252,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="158">Legs</emphasis>
. Mesotibia 2.52.7× as long as mesobasitarsus. Metacoxa without dorsal carina, reticulate-punctulate and with long setae dorsally; 2.52.7× as long as broad; metafemur 3.84.0× as long as broad, ventrally noticeably bulged and with subapical ventral edge serrate; metatibia 4.24.3× as long as broad, densely setose; metabasitarsus 0.40.5x as long as metatibia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFFF1448B4C7F9984DC9F987" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747902" box="[152,1424,1555,1579]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747902/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="159" startId="6.[152,255,1555,1579]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1531]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFF1448B4C7F9984DC9F987" blockId="6.[152,1424,1555,1579]" box="[152,1424,1555,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFF1448B4C7F9984941F986" bold="true" box="[152,280,1555,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFF1448B540F99F4985F986" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,476,1555,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFF1448B540F99F4985F986" box="[287,476,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male: (a) head indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) clypeus detail, (c) antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFF1448B498F9FD4BCDF8EE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1653,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFF1448B498F9FD4960F922" box="[199,313,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">Fore wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFF1448B518F9FE49CDF922" box="[327,404,1653,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
). Quite pubescent, 2.5× as long as wide; marginal vein 5.55.6× as long as postmarginal vein and 10.011.0× as long as stigmal vein; disc pubescent with speculum relatively small, partially open, reaching only basal part of marginal vein, with one row of setae dorsally extending from marginal vein inside speculum; costal cell dorsally with one incomplete row of setae along almost entire basal half of apical margin; basal and cubital cells almost bare; basal setal line incomplete; cubital setal line continuous from speculum; tri-radiating veins from stigma present but comparatively inconspicuous between wing pubescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFF1448B498F8C54B51F85A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1653,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFF1448B498F8C54965F8CA" box="[199,316,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFF1448B512F8C649FCF8CA" box="[333,421,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">Figs 1d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFF1448B5EBF8C64997F8CA" box="[436,462,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-79@5.[151,1436,309,1728]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Torymus tumoralis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) mesoscutellum and propodeum, (c) metasoma in dorsal view indicating Gt1Gt4 and emarginations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747900/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">3c</figureCitation>
) with Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B668F8D44A66F8C0" attach="left" box="[567,575,1887,1901]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">1</subScript>
smooth anteriorly, alutaceous posteriorly, other tergites alutaceous; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B139F8D44D37F8C0" attach="left" box="[1382,1390,1887,1901]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">1</subScript>
and Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B4ECF80848E2F83C" attach="left" box="[179,187,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">2</subScript>
without setae; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B5DBF80849D5F83C" attach="left" box="[388,396,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">3</subScript>
and Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B5BFF80849B1F83C" attach="left" box="[480,488,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">4</subScript>
with a few setae laterally; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B768F8084B66F83C" attach="left" box="[823,831,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">5</subScript>
with longer setae than previous segments. Metasoma 1.71.8× as long as broad; petiole transverse; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B6E6F82C4A98F818" attach="left" box="[697,705,1959,1973]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">1</subScript>
Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFF1448B6B4F82C4AAAF818" attach="left" box="[747,755,1959,1973]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="159">4</subScript>
deeply incised medially; tip of hypopygium reaching the tip of gaster. Ovipositor 2.73.0× as long as body and 5.0× as long as metasoma, OI = 10.210.8; ovipositor pubescent with setae relatively erect and longer than sheath width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498FF1C49C0FEEC" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
MALE (N = 4) (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B5DEFF1C49B4FF1C" box="[385,493,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Figs 1b,d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B5A5FF1C4A6DFF1C" box="[506,564,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-35@6.[151,1436,181,1531]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Torymus tumoralis male: (a) head indicating the lateral clypeal sulci with arrows, (b) clypeus detail, (c) antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747902/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">4ac</figureCitation>
). Length of body
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFFE1449B6A3FF1C4BDEFF1C" box="[764,903,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.8">2.83.3 mm</quantity>
; similar to females except as follows: head and mesosoma same coloration but darker, the entire metasoma dark with metallic blue-green reflections, mesepimeron green, entire coxae and femora dark blue with green reflection, metatibia brown in apical half; measurements similar to female antenna but with shorter F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B66EFE9E4A60FE8E" attach="left" box="[561,569,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">1</subScript>
, and F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B6D7FE9E4AC9FE8E" attach="left" box="[648,656,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">3</subScript>
F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B6F2FE9E4AECFE8E" attach="left" box="[685,693,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">7</subScript>
similar in width to F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B7FAFE9E4BF4FE8E" attach="left" box="[933,941,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">2</subScript>
; sculpture similar to female but propodeum without median carina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B498FEC14C1BFEC8" box="[199,1090,330,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498FEC14C1BFEC8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,1090,330,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B498FEC14900FEC9" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34575BCFFFE1449B538FEC049E4FEC8" box="[359,445,331,357]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B593FEC04A23FEC8" box="[460,634,331,357]" country="Mexico" name="Aguascalientes" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Aguascalientes</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B6DAFEC04ABBFEC8" box="[645,738,331,357]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B6B2FEC04B35FEC8" box="[749,876,331,357]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B728FEC04B9FFEC8" box="[887,966,331,357]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Puebla</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B78EFEC04C6EFEC8" box="[977,1079,331,357]" country="Mexico" name="Tlaxcala" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Tlaxcala</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B498FEE54B27FE58" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498FEE54B27FE58" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B498FEE54978FE25" bold="true" box="[199,289,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Biology</emphasis>
. All specimens were reared from wooden tumoral galls on branches similar to galls caused by some
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B4C8FE184968FE00" box="[151,305,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FE1848A5FE00" box="[151,252,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Andricus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B51FFE1849F3FE00" box="[320,426,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1282,1306]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-35@12.[151,1436,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. (a) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-394, (b) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-479, (c) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-484, (d) Melikaiella nr amphibolensis gall MEX-428, (e) Unidentified Cecidomyiidae gall MEX-156. Torymus tumoralis emerged from galls ad, and Torymus papularis from galls shown in e." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747914/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 8ac</figureCitation>
) and central vein leaf galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B6A3FE184B25FE00" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[764,892,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B6A3FE184B25FE00" box="[764,892,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Melikaiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B7FFFE184C1BFE00" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[928,1090,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphibolensis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B7FFFE184C1BFE00" box="[928,1090,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">amphibolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B00EFE184CFBFE00" box="[1105,1186,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1282,1306]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-35@12.[151,1436,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. (a) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-394, (b) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-479, (c) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-484, (d) Melikaiella nr amphibolensis gall MEX-428, (e) Unidentified Cecidomyiidae gall MEX-156. Torymus tumoralis emerged from galls ad, and Torymus papularis from galls shown in e." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747914/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
) on
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B08BFE18489EFE7C" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B08BFE184DC4FE01" box="[1236,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Quercus castanea</emphasis>
Neé
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B48AFE3C4A03FE7C" authority="Humb. &amp; Bonpl., Q." authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl., Q." box="[213,602,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B48AFE3C493BFE7D" box="[213,354,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Q. crassipes</emphasis>
Humb. &amp; Bonpl.,
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B660FE3C4A03FE7C" box="[575,602,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Q.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
x
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B624FE3C4AADFE7C" box="[635,756,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">dysophylla</emphasis>
Benth (=
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B731FE3C4BBDFE7C" box="[878,996,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">crassifolia</emphasis>
X
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B053FE3C4C2DFE7D" box="[1036,1140,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B053FE3C4C2DFE7D" box="[1036,1140,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B0D1FE3C4D22FE7C" authority="Trel., Q." authorityName="Trel., Q." box="[1166,1403,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eduardii">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B0D1FE3C4D48FE7C" box="[1166,1297,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Q. eduardii</emphasis>
Trel.,
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B13FFE3C4D22FE7C" box="[1376,1403,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Q.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FE50495BFE59" box="[151,258,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">mexicana</emphasis>
(section
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B536FE50499CFE58" box="[361,453,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Lobatae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B536FE50499CFE58" box="[361,453,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Lobatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B65AFE504AF0FE58" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[517,681,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B65AFE504A2CFE59" box="[517,629,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Q. rugosa</emphasis>
Née
</taxonomicName>
(section
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B750FE504B34FE58" box="[783,877,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B750FE504B34FE58" box="[783,877,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B498FE754DD3FB68" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498FE7548ADFC08" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B498FE754989FDB4" bold="true" box="[199,464,510,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Taxonomical remarks.</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B5AFFE744A11FDB5" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[496,584,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B5AFFE744A11FDB5" box="[496,584,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup females of only two species of
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B059FE744CB9FDB4" box="[1030,1248,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B059FE744C31FDB5" box="[1030,1128,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torymus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B02EFE744CB9FDB4" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1137,1248,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">T. osborni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B14EFE744DCCFDB4" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1297,1429,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B14EFE744DCCFDB4" box="[1297,1429,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have the metasoma yellow. In fact,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC348DDFFFE1449B643FDA84AE7FD90" author="Grissell, E. E." box="[540,702,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref6747" refString="Grissell, E. E. (1976) A revision of western Nearctic species of Torymus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 79, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1976">Grissell (1976</bibRefCitation>
: p. 50) mentioned that females of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B06CFDA84CFAFD90" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1075,1187,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B06CFDA84CFAFD90" box="[1075,1187,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B49FFDCC4945FDCC" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[192,284,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="advenus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B49FFDCC4945FDCC" box="[192,284,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">advenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group with a yellow metasoma and medial propodeal carina. Based on these two characters, females of both species run to couplet
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFFE1449B59BFDE049B7FD28" box="[452,494,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
the key of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC348DDFFFE1449B638FDE04B50FD28" author="Grissell, E. E." box="[615,777,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref6747" refString="Grissell, E. E. (1976) A revision of western Nearctic species of Torymus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 79, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1976">Grissell (1976</bibRefCitation>
: p. 47). However, females of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B014FDE04C88FD28" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1099,1233,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B014FDE04C88FD28" box="[1099,1233,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B4E8FD044970FD04" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[183,297,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4E8FD044970FD04" box="[183,297,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by head and mesosoma colour. In
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B6EAFD044B64FD04" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[693,829,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B6EAFD044B64FD04" box="[693,829,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females the head is metallic blue-green with coppery and blue-green reflections and mesosoma metallic blue with green and coppery reflections (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B0C7FD384D57FD60" box="[1176,1294,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1a,c,e</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B4C8FD5C4951FD5C" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[151,264,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FD5C4951FD5C" box="[151,264,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are blue-green. Further,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B60EFD5C4A8EFD5C" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[593,727,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B60EFD5C4A8EFD5C" box="[593,727,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females have the metacoxae metallic blue with green reflection anteriorly and laterally (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B5F9FD7049AFFCB8" box="[422,502,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[151,1436,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Torymus tumoralis: (a) female habitus, (b) male habitus, (c) female mesosoma in dorsal view, (d) female metasoma in dorsal view, (e) male mesosoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747896/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
), whereas the metacoxae are completely green in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B076FD704CC3FCB8" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1065,1178,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B076FD704CC3FCB8" box="[1065,1178,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females also differ in the ovipositor length (5.0× as long as metasoma and OI =
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFFE1449B770FC944BE4FC94" box="[815,957,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6670000000000003" metricValueMax="2.7432000000000003" metricValueMin="2.5907999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="10.2">10.210.8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B79AFC944C15FC94" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[965,1100,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B79AFC944C15FC94" box="[965,1100,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and only 3.03.3× as long as metasoma and OI about
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFFE1449B5F3FCC949B4FCF0" box="[428,493,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3208" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" unit="in" value="5.2">5.2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B5AAFCC84A3EFCF0" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[501,615,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B5AAFCC84A3EFCF0" box="[501,615,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the hypopygium length (reaching the tip of gaster in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B15BFCC84DD5FCF0" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1284,1420,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B15BFCC84DD5FCF0" box="[1284,1420,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). For males and females of
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B59DFCEC4A08FC2C" box="[450,593,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B59DFCEC4A14FC2C" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[450,589,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">T. tumoralis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the shape of clypeus is broadly bilobed, while is weakly emarginate in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B1D7FCEC48B4FC08" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B1D7FCEC48B4FC08" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498FC244DD3FB68" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
Concerning their host ecology of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B61EFC244AEAFC64" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[577,691,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B61EFC244AEAFC64" box="[577,691,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B6B6FC244B29FC64" box="[745,880,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B720FC244BA8FC64" box="[895,1009,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. osborni</emphasis>
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is a parasitoid of
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B0E5FC244D76FC64" box="[1210,1327,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Diplolepis</emphasis>
Geoffroy
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(
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:
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B515FC5849E6FC40" box="[330,447,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
) in galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B60BFC584AD5FC41" box="[596,652,979,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B60BFC584AD5FC41" box="[596,652,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Rosa</emphasis>
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, whereas
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B75CFC584BD5FC40" box="[771,908,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">T. tumoralis</emphasis>
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emerged from wooden galls on oak branches (
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4FEFC7C48A6FBBC" box="[161,255,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Quercus</emphasis>
spp.
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) induced by
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B598FC7C4A75FBBC" box="[455,556,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B63CFC7C4ABAFBBC" box="[611,739,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Melikaiella</emphasis>
Pujade-Villar
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(both
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B797FC7C4C3CFBBC" box="[968,1125,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B030FC7C4CBEFBBC" box="[1135,1255,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
). Unfortunately, although the
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B577FB9049D4FB98" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[296,397,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B577FB9049D4FB98" box="[296,397,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Andricus</emphasis>
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that induce tumor galls in
<collectingCountry id="F34575BCFFFE1449B6ECFB904B50FB98" box="[691,777,1051,1077]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
were recently reviewed (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC348DDFFFE1449B040FB904D65FB98" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Perez-Garcia, A. G. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[1055,1340,1051,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="183 - 208" refId="ref7197" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Perez-Garcia, A. G., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M. (2013) Review of Andricus species (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) producing woody tuberous oak galls in Mexico and bordering areas of United States of America. Dugesiana, 20, 183 - 208." type="journal article" year="2013">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B0E2FB904CB4FB98" box="[1213,1261,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
; Pujade-Villar, 2014), it usually is not possible to identify the exact gall wasp species based on galls only. The identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B4C8FBE8494EFBD0" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,279,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FBE8494EFBD0" box="[151,279,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Melikaiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also not clear. Even though this genus has been studied recently (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC348DDFFFE1449B040FBE84D63FBD0" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Cibrian-Llanderal, V. D. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Serrano-Munoz, M. &amp; Lomeli-Flores, J. R." box="[1055,1338,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref7273" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Cibrian-Llanderal, V. D., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Serrano-Munoz, M. &amp; Lomeli-Flores, J. R. (2014) A new genus of oak gallwasp, Melikaiella Pujade-Villar Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), from the Nearctic region. Dugesiana, 21, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2014">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B0E1FBE84CA8FBD0" box="[1214,1265,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
) and the host species is highly probably
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B5A2FB0C4B3DFB0C" authority="Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[509,868,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphibolensis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B5A2FB0C4A9CFB0C" box="[509,709,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">M. amphibolensis</emphasis>
Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
, is highly probable as the host species, we did not rear any specimens from host galls and the identification based only on the galls alone is unreliable in this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B4C8FA844BA1FA84" blockId="7.[151,1016,1294,1393]" box="[151,1016,1294,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="D0A58240FFFE1449B4C8FA844BA1FA84" bold="true" box="[151,1016,1294,1321]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FA844BA1FA84" bold="true" box="[151,1016,1294,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B4C8FA844BCAFA85" authority="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,915,1294,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FA844920FA84" bold="true" box="[151,377,1294,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
Martínez-Romero, Janšta &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B4C8FAB848A0FADC" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B4C8FAB84BA8FAE0" blockId="7.[151,1016,1294,1393]" box="[151,1009,1331,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<uri id="FFC3392EFFFE1449B4C8FAB84BA8FAE0" box="[151,1009,1331,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFF40FF9FFFE1449B5E7FAB84BA8FAE0" box="[440,1009,1331,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F9320E3F-B02A-4B41-8D31-7A8E8AFCE743</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B4C8FADC48A0FADC" blockId="7.[151,1016,1294,1393]" box="[151,249,1366,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B4C8FADC48A0FADC" box="[151,249,1366,1393]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionStartId-1="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionStartId-2="11.[152,255,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetId-0="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetId-2="figure-26@11.[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Torymus papularis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) metasoma in lateral view, (c) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747912" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13747912/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Figs 57</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B4C8FA144DDAF918" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B4C8FA1449D9F988" blockId="7.[151,1437,1438,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8FA14491EFA15" bold="true" box="[151,327,1438,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3F71FFFE1449B50FFA1449D9F988" collectingDate="2011-11-25" collectingDateMax="2012-02-16" collectingDateMin="2011-11-25" collectionCode="UB, JP-V, QRO" collectorName="E. Estrada &amp; A. Equihua" location="Joya la Barreta" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Queretaro de Arteaga" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFE1449B50FFA1449E1FA14" box="[336,440,1439,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B6F4FA144A8BFA14" box="[683,722,1439,1465]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">UB</collectionCode>
(coll.
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B740FA144B00FA14" box="[799,857,1439,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">JP-V</collectionCode>
) with the following labels: “P002:
<location id="8E8D63F7FFFE1449B0AFFA144DC5FA14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB843AFFFE1442B4C8FA844DCBF996:8E8D63F7FFFE1449B0AFFA144DC5FA14" box="[1264,1436,1439,1465]" name="Joya la Barreta" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Queretaro de Arteaga">Joya la Barreta</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B4FEFA48494DFA70" box="[161,276,1475,1501]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B540FA484903FA70" box="[287,346,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">QRO</collectionCode>
), 230.4000 N 338.000 E, 2496 msnm”, (white label); “
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B797FA484C33FA70" box="[968,1130,1475,1501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B797FA484C33FA70" box="[968,1130,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Q. diversifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFE1449B026FA494CAAFA70" box="[1145,1267,1474,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2011-11-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA8EA04FFFE1449B026FA494CAAFA70" box="[1145,1267,1474,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2011-11-25">25.xi.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFE1449B15DFA484D2AFA70" box="[1282,1395,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2012-02-16">
<collectingDate id="EFA8EA04FFFE1449B15DFA484D2AFA70" box="[1282,1395,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2012-02-16">16.ii.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26A750FAFFFE1449B1DBFA4848B2F9AC" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">E. Estrada</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26A750FAFFFE1449B553FA6C49D3F9AC" box="[268,394,1511,1537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">A. Equihua</collectorName>
leg.); “Holotype
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B613FA6C4C64F9AC" authority="Martinez-Romero, Jansta" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[588,1085,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B613FA6C4B44F9AC" box="[588,797,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
Martínez-Romero, Janšta
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B03FFA6C4CCEF9AC" box="[1120,1175,1511,1537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">JP-V</collectionCode>
n. sp., desig. Martínez-Romero” (red label).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498F9A44DC4F93C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1438,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3F71FFFE1449B498F9A44C5BF9C0" collectingDate="2011-11-25" collectingDateMax="2012-01-23" collectingDateMin="2011-11-25" collectionCode="QRO" collectorName="E. Estrada &amp; A. Equihua " country="Mexico" latitude="19.909927" location="Joya la Barreta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.96027" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="P156" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Queretaro de Arteaga" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFE1449B498F9A4496DF9E4" box="[199,308,1583,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFE1449B561F9A449DBF9E4" box="[318,386,1583,1609]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34575BCFFFE1449B5CEF9A44A5DF9E4" box="[401,516,1583,1609]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: P003:
<location id="8E8D63F7FFFE1449B602F9A44B52F9E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB843AFFFE1442B4C8FA844DCBF996:8E8D63F7FFFE1449B602F9A44B52F9E4" box="[605,779,1583,1609]" country="Mexico" name="Joya la Barreta" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Queretaro de Arteaga">Joya la Barreta</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFFE1449B742F9A44BCBF9E4" box="[797,914,1583,1609]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B7FFF9A44B86F9E4" box="[928,991,1583,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">QRO</collectionCode>
), 230.4000 N 338.000 E, 2496 msnm,
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B4C8F9D84949F9C1" box="[151,272,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B4C8F9D84955F9C1" box="[151,268,1619,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">Q. rugosa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFE1449B57DF9D949C7F9C0" box="[290,414,1618,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2011-11-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA8EA04FFFE1449B57DF9D949C7F9C0" box="[290,414,1618,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2011-11-25">25.xi.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
),
<collectorName id="26A750FAFFFE1449B5EBF9D84A70F9C0" box="[436,553,1619,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">E. Estrada</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26A750FAFFFE1449B60FF9D84A8BF9C0" box="[592,722,1619,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">A. Equihua</collectorName>
leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFE1449B745F9D84B62F9C0" box="[794,827,1619,1645]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B71BF9D84BC9F9C0" box="[836,912,1619,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">CUPC</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFE1449B7C2F9D84B99F9C0" box="[925,960,1619,1645]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B795F9D84BACF9C0" box="[970,1013,1619,1645]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">UB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3F71FFFE1449B054F9D94DC1F93C" collectingDate="2011-11-25" collectingDateMax="2012-01-23" collectingDateMin="2011-11-25" collectionCode="QRO" collectorName=" A. Perez-Garcia" country="Mexico" latitude="19.909927" location="Joya la Barreta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.96027" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="P156" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Queretaro de Arteaga" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBF49D57FFFE1449B054F9D94C11F9C0" box="[1035,1096,1618,1645]" collectionCode="UB" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">P156</specimenCode>
: Camotepec (Zacatlán,
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B108F9D84DC9F9C0" box="[1367,1424,1619,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">PUE</collectionCode>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE6653EBFFFE1449B4C8F9FD4913F93C" box="[151,330,1654,1681]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" precision="1" seconds="35.74" value="19.909927">19°5435.74” N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6653EBFFFE1449B50EF9FD4A52F93C" box="[337,523,1654,1681]" degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" precision="1" seconds="37.01" value="-97.96027">97°5737.01” W</geoCoordinate>
, 2087 msnm,
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B6F8F9FC4B69F93C" box="[679,816,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFFE1449B6F8F9FC4B75F93C" box="[679,812,1655,1681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusata">Q. obtusata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFE1449B71FF9FC4BF2F93C" box="[832,939,1655,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2012-01-16">
<collectingDate id="EFA8EA04FFFE1449B71FF9FC4BF2F93C" box="[832,939,1655,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2012-01-16">16.i.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
)
<date id="FFEC13ECFFFE1449B7E4F9FC4C71F93C" box="[955,1064,1655,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2012-01-23">
<collectingDate id="EFA8EA04FFFE1449B7E4F9FC4C71F93C" box="[955,1064,1655,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" value="2012-01-23">23.i.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A750FAFFFE1449B06EF9FC4CBCF93C" box="[1073,1253,1655,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">A. Pérez-García</collectorName>
leg. (
<specimenCount id="9D54FEA5FFFE1449B178F9FC4D07F93C" box="[1319,1374,1655,1681]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED43ADE9FFFE1449B13AF9FC4DC9F93C" box="[1381,1424,1655,1681]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">UB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498F9104DDAF918" blockId="7.[151,1437,1438,2041]" box="[199,1411,1690,1717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B498F91049EBF919" bold="true" box="[199,434,1690,1717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<typeStatus id="54E98B8EFFFE1449B498F910496DF918" box="[199,308,1691,1717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
condition.
</emphasis>
Air dried and glued with gum arabic on its right side on a white rectangular cardboard.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B498F9344965F950" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498F9344965F950" blockId="7.[151,1437,1438,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B498F9344911F974" bold="true" box="[199,328,1727,1753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name of the species refers to the Latin papula, reflecting to the shape of the oak galls they emerged from.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFFE1449B498F88D4B45F854" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFFE1449B498F88D4B45F854" blockId="7.[151,1437,1438,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFFE1449B498F88D491BF88D" bold="true" box="[199,322,1798,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of this new species are characterised by very dark colour with reddish, purple and bluish metallic reflections (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B520F8A049B4F8E8" box="[383,493,1834,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5ae</figureCitation>
); Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B641F8B64A6EF8E6" attach="left" box="[542,567,1853,1867]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">14</subScript>
with medial shallow incision dorsally (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B7AAF8A04C12F8E8" box="[1013,1099,1834,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Figs 5e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B007F8A04C2CF8E8" box="[1112,1141,1835,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-26@11.[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Torymus papularis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) metasoma in lateral view, (c) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747912/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">7c</figureCitation>
); F
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B0C4F8B64CFAF8E6" attach="left" box="[1179,1187,1853,1867]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">1</subScript>
<subScript id="17D63769FFFE1449B0EEF8B64CE0F8E6" attach="left" box="[1201,1209,1853,1867]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">2</subScript>
slightly longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B480F8C4496AF8C4" box="[223,307,1871,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
); frenum one quarter as long as mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B73DF8C44BEEF8C4" box="[866,951,1871,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
); mesoscutellar disc with sparse piliferous punctures anteriorly and laterally the distance between the punctures greater than their diameter, but posteromedially lacking punctures within small circular region anterior to frenal line (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B7EBF81C4C43F81C" box="[948,1050,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6d,f</figureCitation>
); propodeum without median and prespiracular carina with only two weak submedian carinae (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B771F8304B22F878" box="[814,891,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
); fore wing with tri-radiating veins inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFFE1449B4C0F85448B6F854" box="[159,239,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
); ovipositor 1.0× as long as metasoma (OI = 1.4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFF11446B4C7F8D24B88F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" startId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" targetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF11446B4C7F8D24B88F838" blockId="8.[151,1436,1881,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF11446B4C7F8D24943F8DC" bold="true" box="[152,282,1881,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF11446B57DF8D149B8F8DC" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,481,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF11446B57DF8D149B8F8DC" box="[290,481,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFF01447B4C7F9124A90F978" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" startId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF01447B4C7F9124A90F978" blockId="9.[151,1436,1689,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF01447B4C7F9124940F91C" bold="true" box="[152,281,1689,1713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF01447B57FF9114986F91C" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[288,479,1689,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF01447B57FF9114986F91C" box="[288,479,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFF01444B498F8AC49C2F94C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF01447B498F8AC4DD5F8EF" blockId="9.[151,1437,1831,2038]" box="[199,1420,1831,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF01447B498F8AC4900F8EC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1831,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Description.</emphasis>
FEMALE (N = 3). Body length excluding ovipositor 2.0
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFF01447B7B7F8AC4C66F8EF" box="[1000,1087,1831,1858]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
, length of ovipositor
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFF01447B171F8AC4DDEF8EF" box="[1326,1415,1831,1858]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF01444B4C8F8C04CF3FEB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1831,2038]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF01447B4C8F8C048BFF8C8" box="[151,230,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Colour</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF01447B4ABF8C04939F8CB" box="[244,352,1867,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Fig. 5ae</figureCitation>
). Head dark with mostly metallic blue and violet reflection, except for green around eyes.Antenna with scape yellowish brown; pedicel and funicle dark brown and clava light brown; all sensilla light yellow.Mesosoma dark with predominantly metallic reddish, purple and coppery reflections dorsally on pronotum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, and with blue-green reflections laterally, mesepimeron with green and purple reflection; propodeum metallic dark green. Legs, except metacoxa and tarsi dark with metallic blue and/or purple reflections; metacoxa with golden to light green reflections laterally on outer side; all tarsi light brown except apical tarsomeres dark brown. Wings hyaline, venation light brown and pubescence brown (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B7F7FF304BA0FF78" box="[936,1017,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
). Metasoma dark with metallic blue-green reflection dorsally and blue laterally on Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B6EEFF7A4AE0FF52" attach="left" box="[689,697,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">1</subScript>
, rest of tergites with violet, blue and purple reflections. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown, with brown setae and light brown ovipositor. Body setation light yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498FEAC49EAFD04" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498FEAC495DFEEC" box="[199,260,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B547FEAC492BFEEC" box="[280,370,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B5DBFEAC49EDFEEC" box="[388,436,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">6a,b</figureCitation>
) coriaceous with inconspicuous setose punctations, the setae present on entire head, spatulate, and similar in length to diameter of torulus; clypeus coriaceous and setose, without punctations except for smooth stripe ventrally; supraclypeal area with some setose punctations; scrobal depression finely coriaceous, without setae. Head in frontal view 1.01.2× as broad as high, in dorsal view 2.12.2× as broad as long, and in dorsal view 1.21.3× as broad as mesonotum at its widest part; clypeus transverse, 0.6× as high as wide, ventral margin straight delimited laterally by inconspicuous lateral clypeal sulci; epistomal sulcus inconspicuous. Malar space 0.60.7× as long as width of oral fossa and 0.5× as long as eye height; malar sulcus present, more noticeable in second half of its length. Eye 2.22.4× as high as long. Ventral margin of torulus below middle of eye (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B162FDA84DD6FD90" box="[1341,1423,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
). Transfacial line 0.8× as long as height of eye. Temple strongly converging, slightly shorter than diameter of a lateral ocellus. Ocelli large (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B5DBFDE0498DFD28" box="[388,468,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
), POL 2.42.5× OOL, OOL equal to LOD and 1.31.4× LOL. Occipital carina present; dorsally arched (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B50DFD0449FFFD04" box="[338,422,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498FD384A40FCF0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498FD38497DFD60" box="[199,292,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B56CFD3849DCFD60" box="[307,389,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
). Scape 6.0× as long as broad and pedicel slightly longer than broad; scape not reaching lower margin of anterior ocellus; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.2× as long as width of head. Flagellum with one anellus; F
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B56DFC864963FCB6" attach="left" box="[306,314,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">1</subScript>
and F
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B521FC8649DFFCB6" attach="left" box="[382,390,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">2</subScript>
0.91.0× as long as wide, remaining funicle segments similar in size to each other, 1.21.3× as long as wide; all funicle segments with two rows of MPS, sensilla of second row shorter and located in distal third of segment; clava longer than F
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B5A6FCDE4A4AFCCE" attach="left" box="[505,531,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">6+7</subScript>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498FCEC4C1CFA9C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498FCEC4966FC2D" box="[199,319,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B511FCEC49E1FC2C" box="[334,440,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Figs 5c,d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B59AFCEC49A7FC2C" box="[453,510,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">6df</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with anterior two thirds linearly striate, with few setae; pronotal collar coriaceous with inconspicuous setose punctations; mesoscutum coriaceous with irregular transverse stria and sparse setose punctations, which distance between them are longer than their diameter; notauli deeply impressed; mesoscutellum strongly coriaceous and with sparse piliferous punctures anteriorly and laterally but with a lack of them posteromedially in a small circular region anterior to frenal line; the distance between punctures greater than their diameter; setae of punctation as long as punctation diameter. Frenum demarcated from scutellar disc by frenal groove, one-quarter length of mesoscutellum; punctations in frenal area very sparse and present only in close proximity to frenal line; marginal rim complete, with short vertical carinae anteriorly. Dorsellum smooth (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B130FBE848EBFB0C" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
). Metanotal trough weakly differentiated, almost smooth (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B71AFB0C4BCFFB0C" box="[837,918,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
). Medial part of propodeum (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B0BAFB0C4D6BFB0C" box="[1253,1330,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
) smooth, submedially with two weak submedian carinae, prespiracular carina absent, spiracle situated 2.0× own diameter from posterior edge of propodeum, propodeal callus laterally pubescent. Mesepimeron smooth (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B0E0FB444D56FB44" box="[1215,1295,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-26@11.[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Torymus papularis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) metasoma in lateral view, (c) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747912/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma 1.41.5× as long as broad; pronotum in dorsal view 0.5× as broad as mesoscutum; anterior distance of notauli about 0.40.6, posterior distance about 1.51.6; mesoscutellum 1.21.3× as long as broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498FAB049BEFA30" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498FAB048A5FAF9" box="[199,252,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Legs</emphasis>
. Mesotibia 2.32.5× as long as mesobasitarsus. Metacoxa strongly reticulated, with distinct dorsal carina, 2.42.5× as long as broad; metafemur 4.34.5× as long as broad; metatibia 4.85.0× as long as broad; metabasitarsus 0.40.5× as long as metatibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498FA2C4D58F9A4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498FA2C4966FA6D" box="[199,319,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fore wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B50BFA2C49F1FA6C" box="[340,424,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
). Relatively sparsely pubescent, 3.2× as long as wide; marginal vein 4.8× as long as postmarginal vein and 7.2× as long as stigmal vein; speculum opened below; costal cell with very few setae; basal vein absent; cubital and median veins inconspicuous; tri-radiating veins present but not well defined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498F9984BFCF910" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498F9984965F981" box="[199,316,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B511F99849FEF980" box="[334,423,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,192,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-35@8.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Torymus papularis female: (a, b) lateral habitus, (c) head and pronotum in dorsal view, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) metasoma in dorsal view, (f) fore wing (tri-radiating veins with arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Figs 5e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B5E9F99849BFF980" box="[438,486,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-26@11.[164,1423,181,1452]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Torymus papularis female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) metasoma in lateral view, (c) metasoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747912/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">7b,c</figureCitation>
) with Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B60DF9AE4A03F99E" attach="left" box="[594,602,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">1</subScript>
smooth and polished, other tergites dull and alutaceous; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B14DF9AE4D73F99E" attach="left" box="[1298,1322,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">12</subScript>
glabrous, without setae; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B508F9C24929F9FA" attach="left" box="[343,368,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">35</subScript>
each with row of setae laterally. Metasoma 1.71.9× as long as broad; petiole transverse; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B121F9C24DDFF9FA" attach="left" box="[1406,1414,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">1</subScript>
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B1CBF9C24DC5F9FA" attach="none" box="[1428,1436,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">5</subScript>
medially shallowly incised; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B5B0F9E64A51F9D6" attach="left" box="[495,520,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">12</subScript>
broadly rounded with respect to other tergites; Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B065F9E64C1BF9D6" attach="left" box="[1082,1090,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">1</subScript>
covering most of Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF31444B174F9E64D6AF9D6" attach="left" box="[1323,1331,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">2</subScript>
dorsally; tip of hypopygium reaching the tip of gaster. Ovipositor 0.40.5× as long as body and 1× as long as metasoma, OI = 1.31.4; ovipositor with decumbent setae shorter than sheath width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498F94C49C2F94C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" box="[199,411,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">MALE. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFF31444B498F9614AF1F8A8" box="[199,680,1770,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498F9614AF1F8A8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" box="[199,680,1770,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498F9614900F8A9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1770,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F34575BCFFF31444B538F96049E4F8A8" box="[359,445,1771,1797]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFF31444B592F9604A19F8A8" box="[461,576,1771,1797]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4996FBCEFFF31444B614F9604AC5F8A8" box="[587,668,1771,1797]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Puebla</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFF31444B498F885493CF8DC" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF31444B498F885493CF8DC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B498F8854978F885" bold="true" box="[199,289,1806,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Biology</emphasis>
. All specimens were reared from unidentified non-detaching unilocular leaf galls caused by
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF31444B4C8F8B84918F8E0" box="[151,321,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF31444B50CF8B849F2F8E0" box="[339,427,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF31444B599F8B84A43F8E0" box="[454,538,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1282,1306]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-35@12.[151,1436,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. (a) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-394, (b) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-479, (c) Andricus tumoral gall MEX-484, (d) Melikaiella nr amphibolensis gall MEX-428, (e) Unidentified Cecidomyiidae gall MEX-156. Torymus tumoralis emerged from galls ad, and Torymus papularis from galls shown in e." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Fig. 8e</figureCitation>
) on
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF31444B60BF8B84B21F8E0" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[596,888,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B60BF8B84B64F8E0" box="[596,829,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Quercus diversifolia</emphasis>
Née
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF31444B7D8F8B84C6EF8E0" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[903,1079,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B7D8F8B84BA5F8E1" box="[903,1020,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Q. rugosa</emphasis>
Née
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF31444B019F8B84DC4F8E0" authority="Humb. &amp; Bonpl." authorityName="Humb. &amp; Bonpl." box="[1094,1437,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusata">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B019F8B84C95F8E0" box="[1094,1228,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Q. obtusata</emphasis>
Humb. &amp; Bonpl.
</taxonomicName>
(section
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF31444B4A8F8DC490CF8DC" box="[247,341,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF31444B4A8F8DC490CF8DC" box="[247,341,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="163">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFF21445B4C7FA484D1CFA71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747912" box="[152,1349,1475,1500]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747912/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" startId="11.[152,255,1475,1499]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1452]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF21445B4C7FA484D1CFA71" blockId="11.[152,1349,1475,1500]" box="[152,1349,1475,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B4C7FA484941FA71" bold="true" box="[152,280,1475,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B540FA4F4985FA71" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,476,1476,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B540FA4F4985FA71" box="[287,476,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female: (a) lateral habitus, (b) metasoma in lateral view, (c) metasoma in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34866A7FFF21442B498F9AD4DCBF996" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF21445B498F9AD4AF4F85D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1574,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B498F9AD498DF9ED" bold="true" box="[199,468,1574,1600]" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Taxonomical remarks.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC348DDFFF21445B627F9AD4B7BF9ED" author="Grissell, E. E." box="[632,802,1574,1600]" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref6747" refString="Grissell, E. E. (1976) A revision of western Nearctic species of Torymus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 79, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1976">Grissell (1976)</bibRefCitation>
the females of only three species out of four species of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B4C8F9C148AAF9C9" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,243,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="advenus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B4C8F9C148AAF9C9" box="[151,243,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">advenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B533F9C049B8F9C9" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[364,481,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="advenus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B533F9C049B8F9C9" box="[364,481,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. advenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B5B3F9C04AD9F9C9" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[492,640,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solidaginis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B5B3F9C04AD9F9C9" box="[492,640,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. solidaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B6E6F9C04B0CF9C9" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[697,853,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B6E6F9C04B0CF9C9" box="[697,853,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF21445B7F0F9D74B9EF9C7" attach="left" box="[943,967,1628,1642]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">13</subScript>
with obvious, though small, incisions. The females of new species described here,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B60DF9E44A80F925" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[594,729,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B60DF9E44A80F925" box="[594,729,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has also tergite incision, specifically on Gt
<subScript id="17D63769FFF21445B09AF90B4C84F923" attach="left" box="[1221,1245,1664,1678]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">15</subScript>
. The last species of the group,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B575F91849E8F901" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[298,433,1682,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunicola">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B575F91849E8F901" box="[298,433,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. prunicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has all gastral segments entire, with no median incision. Within the three abovementioned species with incised tergites,
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B5B9F93C4AE3F97D" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[486,698,1718,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B5B9F93C4AE3F97D" box="[486,698,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B70BF93C4B97F97D" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[852,974,1718,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="advenus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B70BF93C4B97F97D" box="[852,974,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. advenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by not having the prespiracular carinae, from
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B48BF9504932F959" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[212,363,1754,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solidaginis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B48BF9504932F959" box="[212,363,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. solidaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having differently sculptured disc of mesoscutellum and frenum, and from
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B084F9504D23F959" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1243,1402,1754,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B084F9504D23F959" box="[1243,1402,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having sparse punctures on mesoscutellum with distances between punctures longer than their diameter (
<figureCitation id="136929A9FFF21445B174F9754DD6F8B5" box="[1323,1423,1790,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-26@9.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Torymus papularis female: (a) head in frontal view, (b) head in dorsal view, (c) antenna, (d) mesosoma in dorsal view, (e) pronotum, (f) mesoscutellum and propodeum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747909/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Fig. 6d,f</figureCitation>
). In addition, the females of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B58FF8A84A00F891" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[464,601,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B58FF8A84A00F891" box="[464,601,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from the females of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B01DF8A84CBBF891" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1090,1250,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B01DF8A84CBBF891" box="[1090,1250,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in length of the ovipositor (1.0× as long as metasoma length and OI =
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFF21445B6B0F8CD4B77F8CD" box="[751,814,1862,1888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5559999999999996" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" unit="in" value="1.4">1.4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B76BF8CC4BE3F8CD" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[820,954,1862,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B76BF8CC4BE3F8CD" box="[820,954,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while 2.0× as long as metasoma length and OI =
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFF21445B490F8E14954F829" box="[207,269,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" unit="in" value="3.5">3.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B54DF8E049F6F829" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[274,431,1898,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B54DF8E049F6F829" box="[274,431,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in coloration of head and mesosoma (reddish purple and bluish reflections in
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B14FF8E04DC5F829" box="[1296,1436,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B14FF8E04DC1F829" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1296,1432,1898,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">T. papularis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
metallic blackish green to bluish in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B667F8044A80F805" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[568,729,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B667F8044A80F805" box="[568,729,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), metacoxa (golden to light green reflections in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B153F8044DCCF805" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1292,1429,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B153F8044DCCF805" box="[1292,1429,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, metallic blackish green to bluish in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B678F8384A9CF861" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[551,709,1970,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B678F8384A9CF861" box="[551,709,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and in length of frenal area in respect to mesoscutellum (1/4 of its length in
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF21445B57DF85C49F0F85D" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,425,2006,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B57DF85C49F0F85D" box="[290,425,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1/
<quantity id="4CAA98C9FFF21445B592F85D49A1F85D" box="[461,504,2006,2032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF21445B5A0F85C4AC4F85D" box="[511,669,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
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).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2D65A4FFF51442B4C7FA894A89FACF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13747914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13747914/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" startId="12.[152,255,1282,1306]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1258]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF51442B4C7FA894A89FACF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1282,1378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B4C7FA89494EFAB7" bold="true" box="[152,279,1282,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
(a)
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B560FA8949C3FAB7" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[319,410,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B560FA8949C3FAB7" box="[319,410,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tumoral gall MEX-394, (b)
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<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B6E9FA894B48FAB7" box="[694,785,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tumoral gall MEX-479, (c)
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B074FA894CDFFAB7" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1067,1158,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B074FA894CDFFAB7" box="[1067,1158,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tumoral gall MEX-484, (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B4C8FAAD4953FA93" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,266,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B4C8FAAD4953FA93" box="[151,266,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Melikaiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B573FAAD49E7FA93" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" box="[300,446,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Melikaiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphibolensis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B573FAAD49E7FA93" box="[300,446,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">amphibolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gall MEX-428, (e) Unidentified
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B753FAAD4BFCFA93" box="[780,933,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
gall MEX-156.
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B015FAAC4D51FA93" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1098,1288,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumoralis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B015FAAC4D51FA93" box="[1098,1288,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Torymus tumoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerged from galls ad, and
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B575FAC049BEFACF" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[298,487,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B575FAC049BEFACF" box="[298,487,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Torymus papularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from galls shown in e.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BED352CFFF51442B498FA3F4DCBF996" blockId="12.[151,1437,1460,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">
Both later species can also be differentiated based on the biological association. The host of
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B0BDFA3E4DDBFA63" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1250,1410,1460,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbilicatus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B0BDFA3E4DDBFA63" box="[1250,1410,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">T. umbilicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported from different groups of galling
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B636FA534AE4FA5F" box="[617,701,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B693FA534B2EFA5F" box="[716,887,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B7F1FA534C76FA5F" box="[942,1071,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
) on several host plants (
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B11DFA534DC5FA5F" box="[1346,1436,1496,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B11DFA534DC5FA5F" box="[1346,1436,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Atriplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B4C0FA77490DF9BB" box="[159,340,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B539FA77498BF9BB" box="[358,466,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B539FA77498BF9BB" box="[358,466,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B5BEFA764A3BF9BA" box="[481,610,1533,1559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B629FA774A83F9BB" box="[630,730,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Clematis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B629FA774A83F9BB" box="[630,730,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Clematis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B6B5FA774BC1F9BB" box="[746,920,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B7F4FA764C5BF9BA" box="[939,1026,1533,1559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B7F4FA764C5BF9BA" box="[939,1026,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Senecio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B04DFA764CCAF9BA" box="[1042,1171,1533,1559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B0F9FA774CBEF9BB" box="[1190,1255,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B0F9FA774CBEF9BB" box="[1190,1255,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Celtis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B0A8FA774DC8F9BB" box="[1271,1425,1532,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
), etc.) while
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B54BF9AA49FBF997" box="[276,418,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B54BF9AA49C7F997" authorityName="Martinez-Romero, Jansta &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2024" box="[276,414,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Torymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papularis">T. papularis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
has been reared from unknown oak galls caused by
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B7B3F9AB4CCFF997" box="[1004,1174,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B0FAF9AB4CA4F997" box="[1189,1277,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
) on
<taxonomicName id="4C524EAFFFF51442B171F9AA4DD5F996" box="[1326,1420,1569,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E93EFFF51442B171F9AA4DD5F996" box="[1326,1420,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="165">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
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<mods:title id="3373BF812C8C2E333862C09603E55D6A">On some colorful bryozoans from Brazil: reevaluation of Aptonella violacea Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 and a new species of Cosciniopsis Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF19FE50FD46FDC3" ID-CoL="85BYW" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[238,675,511,538]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF19FE50FE6BFDC0" bold="true" box="[238,398,511,538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFE62FE50FD46FDC3" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[405,675,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref10079" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1923) North American later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 125, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159661" type="journal article" year="1923">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2AFFFCFF60FDEBFB67FDA0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFCFF60FDEBFD3CFD86" blockId="3.[151,1154,579,635]" box="[151,729,579,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60FDEBFEC6FD81" bold="true" box="[151,291,579,604]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFF60FDEBFF29FD86" box="[151,204,580,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFEDDFDEBFD3CFD86" ID-CoL="86CH3" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[298,729,580,604]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFEDDFDEBFE11FD86" box="[298,500,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella rubra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFE0DFDEBFD3CFD86" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[506,729,580,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref10079" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1923) North American later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 125, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159661" type="journal article" year="1923">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFCFF60FDCDFB67FDA0" blockId="3.[151,1154,579,635]" box="[151,1154,610,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF60FDCDFE3AFDA0" ID-CoL="BFDQG" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,479,610,634]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60FDCDFF1FFDA0" box="[151,250,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Aptonella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFEF7FDCDFE3AFDA0" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[256,479,610,634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFE19FDCDFDD1FDA0" bold="true" box="[494,564,610,634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">n. syn.</emphasis>
).
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFDBFFDCCFD9FFDA1" box="[584,634,611,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD20FDCDFB9BFDA0" ID-CoL="FZ7Y" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[727,1150,610,634]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD20FDCDFC73FDA0" box="[727,918,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Aptonella violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFC6BFDCDFB9BFDA0" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[924,1150,610,634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2AFFFCFF60FD07FA83FCAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFCFF60FD07FA83FCAC" blockId="3.[151,1437,680,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60FD07FEF7FD18" bold="true" box="[151,274,680,706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Encrusting colonies with reddish-pigmented cystids. Zooids exhibit quincuncial growth. Frontal shield granular or nodular, with small pseudopores except around the orifice; marginal pores distinctly larger, sometimes elongate. Primary orifice with a semicircular distal margin, a broad proximal margin, and a pair of proximolateral condyles. Adventitious avicularia may be present, small, and typically positioned near the orifice with different orientations. Spines absent. Ovicelled zooids with raised peristome with a proximal pseudosinus. Ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, with a cormidial ooecium, ectooecium with the same morphology as the frontal wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2AFFFBFF30FC2EFD66FF23" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFCFF30FC2EFAA2FAD8" blockId="3.[151,1437,680,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF30FC2EFEDEFC41" bold="true" box="[199,315,897,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFEB2FC2FFE38FC40" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[325,477,896,922]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFEB2FC2FFE38FC40" box="[325,477,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first mentioned as a
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFCF9FC2EFC4AFC40" box="[782,943,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">nomen nudum</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFC17FC2EFB0AFC41" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[992,1263,896,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref10033" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1920) North American early Tertiary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 106, 1 - 879. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.106. i" type="journal article" year="1920">Canu &amp; Bassler (1920)</bibRefCitation>
, with a formal description followed in
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFE69FC0AFD78FC65" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[414,669,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref10079" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1923) North American later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 125, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159661" type="journal article" year="1923">Canu &amp; Bassler (1923)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFD5CFC0BFC42FC65" author="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W." box="[683,935,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref10528" refString="Di Martino, E., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W. (2019) Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.1. 11, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="journal article" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFCD9FC0AFCB8FC64" box="[814,861,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). However, this description lacked diagnostic characteristics for an accurate classification. The
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFD3EFC66FD1CFC39" box="[713,761,969,995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFC63FC66FBE4FC38" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[916,1025,968,995]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFC63FC66FBE4FC38" box="[916,1025,968,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cy. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFB2CFC67FF3EFBDD" author="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W." pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref10528" refString="Di Martino, E., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W. (2019) Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.1. 11, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="journal article" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFA94FC66FA70FC38" box="[1379,1429,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. (2019
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 42, fig. 35), who also reported the species from the Pliocene (Piacenzian) Tamiami Formation in
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2AFFFCFAB3FC43FA7CFBDC" box="[1348,1433,1004,1030]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Florida</collectingRegion>
. The
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFF3CFBBEFF1EFBF1" box="[203,251,1041,1067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
material features zooids with a pseudoporous frontal wall (except around the orifice), cormidial ovicells having the same morphology as the frontal wall, orifices sometimes cormidial and with lunules, and peristomes forming a U-shaped pseudosinus in ovicelled zooids. These characteristics, along with the acleithral ovicells, led us to consider
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFEEFFBD3FD98FB4D" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[280,637,1148,1175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFEEFFBD3FE60FB4C" box="[280,389,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Aptonella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFE7DFBD2FD98FB4D" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[394,637,1148,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFC72FBD3FAFCFB4D" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[901,1305,1148,1175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFC72FBD3FBF8FB4C" box="[901,1053,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFBD4FBD2FAFCFB4D" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[1059,1305,1148,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref10079" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1923) North American later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 125, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159661" type="journal article" year="1923">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF41FB0EFEC4FB60" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[182,289,1184,1211]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF41FB0EFEC4FB60" box="[182,289,1184,1211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cy. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFE58FB0FFD58FB61" author="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W." box="[431,701,1184,1211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref10528" refString="Di Martino, E., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W. (2019) Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.1. 11, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="journal article" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFDC4FB0EFD80FB60" box="[563,613,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
exhibit some differences from the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFBB3FB0EFB91FB61" box="[1092,1140,1185,1211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
species, such as more and larger pseudopores on the frontal wall (3040 compared to around
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2AFFFCFC62FB6AFC2AFB04" box="[917,975,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFBF4FB6AFBD6FB05" box="[1027,1075,1221,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
specimen), and the presence of latero-oral avicularia (not observed in the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFD99FB46FD7BFAD9" box="[622,670,1257,1283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
specimen), suggesting they may represent a distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFCFF30FAA3FCFCFA01" blockId="3.[151,1437,680,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
The most recent reference that mentioned
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD36FAA2FCB6FAFC" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[705,851,1292,1319]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD36FAA2FD05FAFD" box="[705,736,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD03FAA3FCB6FAFC" box="[756,851,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFCA8FAA2FC2EFAFD" bold="true" box="[863,971,1293,1319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2AFFFCFCA8FAA2FC2EFAFD" box="[863,971,1293,1319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(as
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFBF3FAA3FB38FAFC" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1028,1245,1292,1318]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFBF3FAA3FB38FAFC" box="[1028,1245,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Aptonella violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFAFAFAA2FF13FA90" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFAFAFAA2FF13FA90" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cosciniopsis violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a senior synonym) has placed it within
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD38FA9FFC65FA90" authorityName="Bassler" authorityYear="1935" box="[719,896,1328,1354]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Gigantoporidae</taxonomicName>
, characterized by the presence of a membranous ectooecium (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFEDEFAFBFDE2FAB5" author="Martha, S. O. &amp; Vieira, L. M. &amp; Souto-Derungs, J. &amp; Grischenko, A. V. &amp; Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[297,519,1364,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="317 - 423" refId="ref11625" refString="Martha, S. O., Vieira, L. M., Souto-Derungs, J., Grischenko, A. V., Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N. (2020) Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata. In: Schwaha, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Phylum Bryozoa. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 317 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110586312 - 011" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Martha
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFE71FAFAFE5CFAB4" box="[390,441,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). However, an examination of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFC9CFAFBFBE6FAB4" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[875,1027,1364,1390]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFC9CFAFBFBE6FAB4" box="[875,1027,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFBFBFAFAFBD9FAB5" box="[1036,1084,1365,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
materials revealed a calcified, pseudoporous, and cormidial ectooecium, making such classification unlikely. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFB14FAD7FA9EFA48" ID-CoL="85BYW" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[1251,1403,1400,1426]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFB14FAD7FA9EFA48" box="[1251,1403,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically distinct from other gigantoporids due to the absence of a tubular peristome and spiramen, features found in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF0BFA6EFE68FA01" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1881" box="[252,397,1473,1499]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gigantopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF0BFA6EFE68FA01" box="[252,397,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Gigantopora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFE6CFA6FFDDAFA00" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[411,575,1472,1498]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gephyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFE6CFA6FFDDAFA00" box="[411,575,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Gephyrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD8BFA6FFCF4FA00" authorityName="Winston &amp; Woollacott" authorityYear="2009" box="[636,785,1472,1498]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Barbadiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD8BFA6FFCF4FA00" box="[636,785,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Barbadiopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFCFF30FA4BFA97F898" blockId="3.[151,1437,680,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
Currently,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFECAFA4BFE34FA24" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[317,465,1508,1534]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFECAFA4BFE34FA24" box="[317,465,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is classified within
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD44FA4BFB60FA25" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[691,1157,1508,1535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
Stomachetosellidae
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFC67FA4AFB60FA25" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[912,1157,1508,1535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref9986" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.96.1" type="journal article" year="1917">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFB61FA4BFAF1FA25" author="Bock, P." box="[1174,1300,1508,1535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" refId="ref9706" refString="Bock, P. (2024) The Bryozoa Homepage. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. Available from: http: // bryozoa. net / (accessed 28 March 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Bock 2024</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFAD6FA4BFEF7F9F9" author="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W." pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref10528" refString="Di Martino, E., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W. (2019) Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.1. 11, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="journal article" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60F9A6FF2CF9F8" box="[151,201,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
), a taxon considered heterogeneous (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFD5AF9A7FC82F9F8" author="Dick, M. H. &amp; Tilbrook, J. &amp; Mawatari, S. F." box="[685,871,1544,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="2197 - 2258" refId="ref10472" refString="Dick, M. H., Tilbrook, J. &amp; Mawatari, S. F. (2006) Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. Journal of Natural History, 40, 2197 - 2258. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930601062771" type="journal article" year="2006">
Dick
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD1BF9A6FCF8F9F8" box="[748,797,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFC83F9A7FB73F9F9" author="Zagorsek, K. &amp; Gordon, D. P." box="[884,1174,1544,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="595 - 607" refId="ref13247" refString="Zagorsek, K. &amp; Gordon, D. P. (2013) Late Tortonian bryozoans from Mut Basin, Central Anatolian Plateau, Southern Turkey. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58, 595 - 607." type="journal article" year="2013">Zágoršek &amp; Gordon 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFB5DF9A7FADBF9F8" box="[1194,1342,1544,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFB5DF9A7FADBF9F8" box="[1194,1342,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, including
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFEFCF982FE7CF99C" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[267,409,1580,1607]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFEFCF982FECCF99D" box="[267,297,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFECAF983FE7CF99C" box="[317,409,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFE50F982FDF5F99D" bold="true" box="[423,528,1581,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2AFFFCFE50F982FDF5F99D" box="[423,528,1581,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, exhibit characteristics that allow for classification within
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFB35F983FA7DF99C" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[1218,1432,1580,1606]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Stomachetosellidae</taxonomicName>
, particularly based on the broad family diagnosis provided by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFCD0F9FEFBFBF9B1" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[807,1054,1616,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref9986" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.96.1" type="journal article" year="1917">Canu &amp; Bassler (1917)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFBA7F9FFFACFF9B1" author="Martha, S. O. &amp; Vieira, L. M. &amp; Souto-Derungs, J. &amp; Grischenko, A. V. &amp; Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[1104,1322,1616,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="317 - 423" refId="ref11625" refString="Martha, S. O., Vieira, L. M., Souto-Derungs, J., Grischenko, A. V., Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N. (2020) Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata. In: Schwaha, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Phylum Bryozoa. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 317 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110586312 - 011" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Martha
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFB53F9FEFB37F9B0" box="[1188,1234,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, some diagnostic characters found in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFDC4F9DBFD22F954" ID-CoL="85BYW" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[563,711,1652,1678]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFDC4F9DBFD22F954" box="[563,711,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as the presence of latero-oral avicularia, condyles, and acleithral ovicells, appear to be lacking in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD61F937FB23F969" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[662,1222,1688,1715]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Stomachetosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="crassicollis">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD61F937FC2EF968" box="[662,971,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Stomachetosella crassicollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFC25F936FB23F969" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[978,1222,1688,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref9986" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.96.1" type="journal article" year="1917">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2AFFFCFB0DF936FACCF969" box="[1274,1321,1689,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF60F913FDDCF90D" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,569,1724,1751]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Stomachetosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60F913FEACF90C" box="[151,329,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Stomachetosella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFEB8F912FDDCF90D" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[335,569,1724,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref9986" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.96.1" type="journal article" year="1917">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFDB1F913FC85F90D" author="Zagorsek, K. &amp; Gordon, D. P." box="[582,864,1724,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="595 - 607" refId="ref13247" refString="Zagorsek, K. &amp; Gordon, D. P. (2013) Late Tortonian bryozoans from Mut Basin, Central Anatolian Plateau, Southern Turkey. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58, 595 - 607." type="journal article" year="2013">Zágoršek &amp; Gordon 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the presence of a calcified ectooecium and endooecium is a distinctive characteristic of the superfamily
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFC95F94FFB78F921" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[866,1181,1760,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Smittinoidea">
Smittinoidea
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFC02F94FFB78F921" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[1013,1181,1760,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" refId="ref11536" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1909) Morphological and systematic studies on the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen, 431 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 54983" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[lepralielliform ovicell
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60F8AAFF36F8C4" box="[151,211,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFF2BF8ABFE44F8C5" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[220,417,1796,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" refId="ref12125" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2013) Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates: example of Gymnolaemate Bryozoans. Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London, 356 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7146 - 8" type="book" year="2013">Ostrovsky (2013)</bibRefCitation>
], in contrast to the partially or entirely membranous ectooecium found in Schizoporelloidea
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFF60F887FEC6F899" author="Jullien, J." box="[151,291,1832,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="497 - 529" refId="ref11196" refString="Jullien, J. (1883) Dragages du ' Travailleur'. Bryozoaires, Especes draguees dans l'Ocean Atlantique en 1881. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 7, 497 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27178" type="journal article" year="1883">Jullien, 1883</bibRefCitation>
[microporelliform ovicell
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFDB1F886FD67F898" box="[582,642,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFD7EF887FCA9F899" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[649,844,1832,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" refId="ref12125" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2013) Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates: example of Gymnolaemate Bryozoans. Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London, 356 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7146 - 8" type="book" year="2013">Ostrovsky (2013)</bibRefCitation>
], where
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFC5FF887FB9EF898" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[936,1147,1832,1858]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Stomachetosellidae</taxonomicName>
is currently classified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2AFFFBFF30F8E3FD66FF23" blockId="3.[151,1437,680,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
The presence of lunula and cormidial ovicells found in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFCA1F8E3FC0BF8BC" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[854,1006,1868,1894]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFCA1F8E3FC0BF8BC" box="[854,1006,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characteristics observed in other families of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFED5F8DFFE51F850" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[290,436,1904,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Smittinoidea">Smittinoidea</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFDDEF8DFFC99F851" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[553,892,1904,1931]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
Lanceoporidae
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFD2BF8DEFC99F851" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[732,892,1904,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref10901" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(1927) (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFBD2F8DFFA82F851" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[1061,1383,1904,1931]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFBD2F8DFFB5FF850" box="[1061,1210,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Calyptotheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFB30F8DEFA82F851" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[1223,1383,1904,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref10901" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF60F83BFC9DF875" authority="Reverter-Gil, Souto &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, 2012" authorityName="Reverter-Gil, Souto &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,888,1940,1967]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Stephanotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60F83BFED9F874" box="[151,316,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Stephanotheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFEB1F83BFC9DF875" author="Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Souto, J. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E." box="[326,888,1940,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12325" refString="Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J., Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2012) A new genus of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Zootaxa, 3339 (1), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3339.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Reverter-Gil, Souto &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). However, species in this family have cleithral or subcleithral ovicells (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFE5EF817FD65F809" author="Martha, S. O. &amp; Vieira, L. M. &amp; Souto-Derungs, J. &amp; Grischenko, A. V. &amp; Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[425,640,1976,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="317 - 423" refId="ref11625" refString="Martha, S. O., Vieira, L. M., Souto-Derungs, J., Grischenko, A. V., Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N. (2020) Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata. In: Schwaha, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Phylum Bryozoa. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 317 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110586312 - 011" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Martha
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFDF3F816FDD2F808" box="[516,567,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
) and lack the peristome in ovicelled zooids, which is characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFF60F873FECAF82C" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,303,2012,2038]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFF60F873FECAF82C" box="[151,303,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another family with genera similar to
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFD11F873FC9BF82C" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[742,894,2012,2038]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2AFFFCFD11F873FC9BF82C" box="[742,894,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2AFFFCFC69F873FAC5F82D" authority="MacGillivray, 1895" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1895" box="[926,1312,2012,2039]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bitectiporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
Bitectiporidae
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2AFFFCFBB4F873FAC5F82D" author="MacGillivray, P. H." box="[1091,1312,2012,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 166" refId="ref11579" refString="MacGillivray, P. H. (1895) A monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, 4, 1 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6076" type="journal article" year="1895">MacGillivray, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, diagnosed by the presence of a pseudoporous lepralioid frontal wall, an orifice with condyles but lacking lyrula and spines, and acleithral ovicells with a calcified ectooecium and endooecium (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2DFFFBFC5EFF14FB60FF0F" author="Martha, S. O. &amp; Vieira, L. M. &amp; Souto-Derungs, J. &amp; Grischenko, A. V. &amp; Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[937,1157,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" pagination="317 - 423" refId="ref11625" refString="Martha, S. O., Vieira, L. M., Souto-Derungs, J., Grischenko, A. V., Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N. (2020) Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata. In: Schwaha, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Phylum Bryozoa. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 317 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110586312 - 011" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Martha
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFBF2FF14FBDDFF0F" box="[1029,1080,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, here we propose transferring
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2DFFFBFED6FF70FE5CFF23" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[289,441,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFED6FF70FE5CFF23" box="[289,441,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2DFFFBFE2AFF70FD9AFF23" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1895" box="[477,639,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bitectiporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Bitectiporidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
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<mods:title id="BAB1D22CB758C80EB8AF076041A21722">On some colorful bryozoans from Brazil: reevaluation of Aptonella violacea Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 and a new species of Cosciniopsis Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF15887588ED0BE6C07F6CDFB4ABF419">Larré, Igor R. N. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E13A87A2EB4C3EE60E7888D37A4EE2DD">Almeida, Ana C. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="834C2E2D124BD10A3D1FD2F9D640865C">Museu de História Natural, Setor da Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170 - 115, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="4ED626E78D2DE73E5DDD6445E3B6CE42">Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa - LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670 - 810, Brazil. &amp; Department of Life Science, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E31ADDD07C37FD8A007A5072568A83F0" type="email">leandro.mvieira@ufpe.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<paragraph id="991836D81F2DFFFBFF60FEE8FCD9FEB8" blockId="4.[151,957,327,426]" box="[151,828,327,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2DFFFBFF60FEE8FD2FFEB8" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[151,714,327,354]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFF60FEE8FE44FEB8" bold="true" box="[151,417,327,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Cycloperiella violacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2DFFFBFE46FEE7FD24FEB8" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[433,705,328,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2DFFFBFD26FEE7FCD9FEB8" box="[721,828,328,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<uri id="ED363ADA1F2DFFFBFF60FEC3FC58FE5D" box="[151,957,364,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2DFFFBFF60FE3FFEEEFE70" box="[151,267,400,426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" type="description">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2DFFFBFF60FE3FFEEEFE70" blockId="4.[151,957,327,426]" box="[151,267,400,426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
(
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2DFFFBFF68FE3FFF0DFE70" box="[159,232,400,426]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2DFFFBFF03FE3FFEE7FE70" box="[244,258,400,426]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2DFFFBFF60FE7DFCE2FE30" box="[151,775,466,490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2DFFFBFF60FE7DFCE2FE30" blockId="4.[151,775,466,490]" box="[151,775,466,490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B9B711F61F2DFFFBFF60FE7DFCE2FE30" box="[151,775,466,490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitation id="180610C91F2DFFFBFF60FE7DFD86FE30" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[151,611,466,490]" page="83" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" year="1928">
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2DFFFBFF60FE7DFD86FE30" ID-CoL="FZ7Y" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928: 83" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,611,466,490]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFF60FE7DFEB3FE30" box="[151,342,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Aptonella violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2DFFFBFEABFE7DFD86FE30" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[348,611,466,490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928: 83</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 5,
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2DFFFBFD5FFE7DFD02FE30" box="[680,743,466,490]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[151,1435,181,1529]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cosciniopsis viridis sp. nov. A. UFPE 3053, Alagoas, Brazil. BE. UFPE 3001, Holotype, Alagoas, Brazil. F. UFPE 3141 Can stn. 111. A. Colony and its greenish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Ovicelled zooid. F. Internal view of the frontal wall. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 600 µm; C = 400 µm; D = 120 µm; E = 400 µm; F = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Figs 5</figureCitation>
8.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2DFFFBFF60FDBBFB80FC4D" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2DFFFBFF60FDBBFB80FC4D" blockId="4.[151,1437,532,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFF60FDBBFE64FDF4" bold="true" box="[151,385,532,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFE7FFDBAFAC4FD89" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="de Janeiro" country="Brazil" elevation="128" latitude="-21.8" location="Rio de Janeiro" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="USNM 8556" specimenCount="128" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2DFFFBFE7FFDBAFE1DFDF5" box="[392,504,533,559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here):
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFD38FDBBFC87FDF5" box="[719,866,532,559]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" type="Museum">USNM 8556</specimenCode>
,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2DFFFBFC99FDBBFAD0FDF4" authority="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[878,1333,532,559]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFC99FDBBFBA4FDF4" box="[878,1089,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Aptonella violacea</emphasis>
F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler
</taxonomicName>
det.,
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Rio
<collectorName id="3452530E1F2DFFFBFF60FD97FEEEFD88" box="[151,267,568,594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">de Janeiro</collectorName>
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,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFEE2FD97FEB9FD88" box="[277,348,568,594]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected in 1877 by Steamer Norseman stn. 347,
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,
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,
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</quantity>
.
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Additional specimens:
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<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFEEDFDF2FE44FDAC" box="[282,417,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3002</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFE5BFDF2FDD7FDAC" box="[428,562,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3003</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFDCAFDF2FD26FDAC" box="[573,707,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3008</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFD39FDF2FCB1FDAC" box="[718,852,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3009</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFCA8FDF2FC03FDAC" box="[863,998,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3010</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFC06FDF2FB93FDAC" box="[1009,1142,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3011</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFB76FDF2FAE2FDAC" box="[1153,1287,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3012</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFAE5FDF2FA7DFDAC" box="[1298,1432,604,631]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3013</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFF60FD2EFEC4FD40" box="[151,289,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3014</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFEC7FD2EFE5FFD41" box="[304,442,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3015</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFE3FFD2EFDB6FD40" box="[456,595,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3016</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFD96FD2EFD0EFD40" box="[609,747,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3017</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFD0DFD2EFC61FD40" box="[762,900,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3018</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFC65FD2EFBF8FD40" box="[914,1053,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3019</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFBDCFD2EFB50FD40" box="[1067,1205,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3020</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFB33FD2EFAABFD40" box="[1220,1358,640,667]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3021</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="3452530E1F2DFFFBFAABFD2FFF1DFD64" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Bacia Potiguar</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFEF4FD0BFE17FD65" box="[259,498,676,703]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFE0BFD0BFDA6FD64" box="[508,579,676,702]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected by
<collectorName id="3452530E1F2DFFFBFD29FD0BFCADFD64" box="[734,840,676,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Petrobras</collectorName>
in 20002011, 04º 49 00 S 05º 10 00 S, 36º 10 00 W 36º 50 00 W, unknown depth
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFD93FD66FEFAFCDD" collectionCode="UFPE" country="Brazil" elevation="61" latitude="-8.319166" location="Rec" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.63556" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="UFPE 3004" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFD93FD66FD0FFD38" box="[612,746,712,739]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3004</specimenCode>
,
<location id="9C7860031F2DFFFBFD02FD66FCC4FD39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110E87CE1F2DFFF9FF60FEE8FB46FAD7:9C7860031F2DFFFBFD02FD66FCC4FD39" box="[757,801,713,739]" country="Brazil" latitude="-8.319166" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.63556" name="Rec" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Rec</location>
stn. 156,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFC7AFD67FBF9FD38" box="[909,1052,712,738]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFBD0FD67FB8BFD38" box="[1063,1134,712,738]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFB8EFD67FAF5FD38" box="[1145,1296,712,738]" degrees="08" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-8.319166">08º 19 09 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFAEBFD67FF57FCDD" degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-34.63556">34º 38 08 W</geoCoordinate>
, 68,
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2DFFFBFF16FD43FEFAFCDD" box="[225,287,748,775]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="61.0">
<elevation id="128AD1EB1F2DFFFBFF16FD43FEFAFCDD" box="[225,287,748,775]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="61.0">61 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFEDCFD42FAE1FCDD" box="[299,1284,748,775]" collectionCode="UFPE" country="Brazil" elevation="82" latitude="-17.733334" location="Bahia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-37.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="UFPE 3005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFEDCFD42FE56FCDD" box="[299,435,748,775]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3005</specimenCode>
, GEOMAR X stn. 047,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFD31FD43FCEFFCDC" box="[710,778,748,774]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFCE0FD43FCBBFCDC" box="[791,862,748,774]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFC9CFD43FBE2FCDC" box="[875,1031,748,774]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-17.733334">17º 44 00 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFBE2FD43FB5FFCDD" box="[1045,1210,748,775]" degrees="37" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-37.35">37º 21 00 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2DFFFBFB31FD43FAE1FCDD" box="[1222,1284,748,775]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="82.0">
<elevation id="128AD1EB1F2DFFFBFB31FD43FAE1FCDD" box="[1222,1284,748,775]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="82.0">82 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFAE7FD42FB15FCF1" collectionCode="UFPE" country="Brazil" elevation="58" latitude="-8.566667" location="Canopus" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.733334" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="UFPE 3006" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFAE7FD42FA7DFCDC" box="[1296,1432,748,775]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3006</specimenCode>
,
<location id="9C7860031F2DFFFBFF60FCBFFF1CFCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110E87CE1F2DFFF9FF60FEE8FB46FAD7:9C7860031F2DFFFBFF60FCBFFF1CFCF0" box="[151,249,784,810]" country="Brazil" latitude="-8.566667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.733334" name="Canopus" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Canopus</location>
stn. 78,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFEADFCBFFE0CFCF0" box="[346,489,784,810]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFE02FCBFFDD9FCF0" box="[501,572,784,810]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected in 19651966,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFCA9FCBFFC1DFCF0" box="[862,1016,784,810]" degrees="08" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-8.566667">08º 34 00 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFBF2FCBFFB4DFCF1" box="[1029,1192,784,811]" degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-34.733334">34º 44 00 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2DFFFBFB43FCBFFB15FCF1" box="[1204,1264,784,811]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="58.0">
<elevation id="128AD1EB1F2DFFFBFB43FCBFFB15FCF1" box="[1204,1264,784,811]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="58.0">58 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFB0BFCBEFBA9FC95" collectionCode="SALD" country="Brazil" elevation="63" latitude="1.5416666" location="Para" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-47.408337" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="UFPE 3007.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFB0BFCBEFA7DFCF0" box="[1276,1432,784,811]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3007.1</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="FFB6AE1D1F2DFFFBFF60FC9BFF05FC94" box="[151,224,820,846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">SALD</collectionCode>
stn. 1767,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFEACFC9BFE75FC94" box="[347,400,820,846]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFE6CFC9BFE07FC94" box="[411,482,820,846]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected in 1967,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFD4CFC9BFCBCFC95" box="[699,857,820,847]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="30" value="1.5416666">01º 32 30 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFC93FC9BFBE0FC95" box="[868,1029,820,847]" degrees="47" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-47.408337">47º 24 30 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2DFFFBFBE7FC9BFBA9FC95" box="[1040,1100,820,847]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="63.0">
<elevation id="128AD1EB1F2DFFFBFBE7FC9BFBA9FC95" box="[1040,1100,820,847]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="63.0">63 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFBA0FC9AFB0EFCA9" collectionCode="UFPE" country="Brazil" elevation="63" latitude="-2.1833334" location="Canopus" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.883335" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="UFPE 3134.2, UFPE 3135.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ceara">
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFBA0FC9AFB17FC94" box="[1111,1266,820,847]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3134.2</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFB0AFC9AFA7DFC95" box="[1277,1432,820,847]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3135.2</specimenCode>
,
<location id="9C7860031F2DFFFBFF60FCF7FF1CFCA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110E87CE1F2DFFF9FF60FEE8FB46FAD7:9C7860031F2DFFFBFF60FCF7FF1CFCA8" box="[151,249,856,882]" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.1833334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.883335" name="Canopus" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Ceara">Canopus</location>
stn. 6,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFEA3FCF7FE7DFCA8" box="[340,408,856,882]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Ceará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFE51FCF7FE08FCA8" box="[422,493,856,882]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected in 19651966,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFCEEFCF7FC5FFCA8" box="[793,954,856,882]" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-2.1833334">02º 11 00 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFC3EFCF7FB91FCA9" box="[969,1140,856,883]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-39.883335">39º 53 00 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2DFFFBFB75FCF7FB0EFCA9" box="[1154,1259,856,883]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="62.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="60.0">
<elevation id="128AD1EB1F2DFFFBFB75FCF7FB0EFCA9" box="[1154,1259,856,883]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="62.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="60.0">6065 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="29CF3C851F2DFFFBFB0DFCF6FB80FC4D" collectionCode="UFPE" country="Brazil" elevation="90" latitude="-10.045834" location="Akaroa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-35.716667" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="UFPE 3145.2" specimenCount="90" stateProvince="Alagoas">
<specimenCode id="C9019EA31F2DFFFBFB0DFCF6FA7DFCA9" box="[1274,1432,856,883]" collectionCode="UFPE" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">UFPE 3145.2</specimenCode>
,
<location id="9C7860031F2DFFFBFF60FCD3FF0CFC4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110E87CE1F2DFFF9FF60FEE8FB46FAD7:9C7860031F2DFFFBFF60FCD3FF0CFC4C" box="[151,233,892,918]" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.045834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-35.716667" name="Akaroa" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Alagoas">Akaroa</location>
stn. 73,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2DFFFBFEBFFCD3FE42FC4C" box="[328,423,892,918]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2DFFFBFE46FCD3FE1DFC4C" box="[433,504,892,918]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected in 1965,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFD24FCD3FC8EFC4C" box="[723,875,892,919]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-10.045834">10º 02 45 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC93501F1F2DFFFBFC8FFCD3FBFFFC4D" box="[888,1050,892,919]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-35.716667">35º 43 00 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="8FA1FD511F2DFFFBFBD2FCD3FB80FC4D" box="[1061,1125,892,919]" count="90" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" type="generic">
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2DFFFBFBD2FCD3FB84FC4D" box="[1061,1121,892,919]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="90.0">
<elevation id="128AD1EB1F2DFFFBFBD2FCD3FB84FC4D" box="[1061,1121,892,919]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CDD866501F2DFFFBFF60F8D9FEDDF82D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" startId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" targetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2DFFFBFF60F8D9FEDDF82D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1910,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFF60F8D9FEF1F855" bold="true" box="[151,276,1910,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2DFFFBFEEBF8D8FD1AF855" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[284,767,1911,1935]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFEEBF8D8FDE1F855" box="[284,516,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Cycloperiella violacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2DFFFBFDE5F8D8FD1DF855" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[530,760,1911,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2DFFFBFCF0F8D8FC80F855" bold="true" box="[775,869,1911,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2DFFFBFCF0F8D8FC80F855" box="[775,869,1911,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CDD866501F2CFFFAFF60F984FE29F90E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" startId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2CFFFAFF60F984FE29F90E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1579,1748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2CFFFAFF60F984FEF7F99E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1579,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2CFFFAFEEFF983FD17F99E" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[280,754,1580,1604]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2CFFFAFEEFF983FE1BF99E" box="[280,510,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Cycloperiella violacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2CFFFAFDFCF983FD0EF99E" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[523,747,1580,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2CFFFAFD0FF983FCB1F99E" bold="true" box="[760,852,1580,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2CFFFAFD0FF983FCB1F99E" box="[760,852,1580,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2CFFF9FF30F8ADFB4BFE2F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" type="description">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2CFFF9FF30F8ADFB4BFE2F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1794,2037]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1293]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2CFFFAFF30F8ADFE90F8C6" bold="true" box="[199,373,1794,1820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Redescription.</emphasis>
Colonies with purplish or reddish cystid (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2CFFFAFC96F8ADFC5BF8C6" box="[865,958,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), with an encrusting uni- to multilaminar growth form. Autozooids (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2CFFFAFE36F889FDA5F89A" box="[449,576,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2CFFFAFDBAF889FD75F89A" box="[589,656,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">3B, C</figureCitation>
) hexagonal or irregularly polygonal, longer than wide (0.5020.624
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2CFFFAFF60F8E5FEEFF8BE" box="[151,266,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.762">0.762 mm</quantity>
long, n = 18, SD = 0.066; 0.3580.443
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2CFFFAFD25F8E5FCA1F8BE" box="[722,836,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.59" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.559">0.559 mm</quantity>
wide, n = 18, SD = 0.056), arranged in a quincuncial pattern and defined by distinct sutures (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2CFFFAFDADF8C1FD32F852" box="[602,727,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Lepralioid frontal wall, slightly nodular, with 20 to 30 small pseudopores, except in the area around the orifice; distinct marginal pores, generally fewer in number, larger, and sometimes elongated (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2CFFFAFE65F819FDE9F80A" box="[402,524,1974,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
); Internal frontal wall without ring scar (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2CFFFAFC21F819FBCEF80A" box="[982,1067,1974,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Primary orifice often cormidial (0.1200.140
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2CFFFAFECDF875FE4AF82E" box="[314,431,2010,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.156">0.156 mm</quantity>
long, n = 18, SD = 0.011; 0.1270.142
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2CFFFAFC70F875FC1EF82E" box="[903,1019,2010,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.165">0.165 mm</quantity>
wide, n = 18, SD = 0.009), with an arched distal and a concave proximal region; a pair of triangular proximolateral condyles slightly directed toward the proximal region and a lunula present in the distal half, extending to the condyles (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FBBDFF14FB21FF0F" box="[1098,1220,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
). Secondary orifice thin and slightly raised, generally located around the lateral and distal border of the orifice (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FB53FF70FAC1FF23" box="[1188,1316,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Figs 2C, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FAC6FF70FA92FF23" box="[1329,1399,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">3D, E</figureCitation>
). A single or paired adventitious avicularium may be present (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FCC4FEACFC76FEC7" box="[819,915,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FC55FEACFC0DFEC7" box="[930,1000,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">3D, E</figureCitation>
), usually latero-oral and rarely placed in variable positions (0.0810.108
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FDDCFE88FD7AFE9B" box="[555,671,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.141">0.141 mm</quantity>
long, n = 8, SD = 0.021; 0.0400.052
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FB90FE89FB3EFE9B" box="[1127,1243,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.060 mm</quantity>
wide, n = 8, SD = 0.006), with complete crossbar, rostrum acute and usually obliquely directed upward or toward the middle of the zooid. Ovicelled zooids with a well-developed peristome forming a U-shaped pseudosinus (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FB2BFEC0FAD9FE53" box="[1244,1340,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FABDFEC0FA75FE53" box="[1354,1424,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">3C, E</figureCitation>
). Ovicell hyperstomial, globular, acleithral, with a cormidial ooecium generally divided into three sections forming a Y-shaped suture, slightly nodular (0.2780.307
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FD47FE18FCC7FE0B" box="[688,802,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.340 mm</quantity>
long, n = 5, SD = 0.026; 0.3700.386
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FB23FE18FAA0FE0B" box="[1236,1349,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.99" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.399">0.399 mm</quantity>
wide, n = 5, SD = 0.012), with calcified endooecium and pseudoporous ectooecium (
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FC03FE74FB97FE2F" box="[1012,1138,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Figs 2C, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2FFFF9FB89FE74FB44FE2F" box="[1150,1185,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1435,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb. A. UFPE 3002, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. B, D. UFPE 3005, Bahia, Brazil. C, E. UFPE 3004, Pernambuco, Brazil. F. UFPE 3012, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Colony and its reddish cystid. B, C. General view of the colony. D. Detail of the orifice and adventitious avicularium. E. Detail of the cormidial ovicell with pseudosinuses. F. Inner surface of the frontal wall of the autozooids. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 500 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746893/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2FFFF9FF30FE50FDD8FB7B" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2FFFF9FF30FE50FE3CFC87" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FF30FE50FEDEFDC3" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among all congeners,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FDB8FE50FD3AFDC3" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[591,735,511,537]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FDB8FE50FD8BFDC3" box="[591,622,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD77FE50FD3AFDC3" box="[640,735,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD1DFE50FCB6FDC3" bold="true" box="[746,851,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FD1DFE50FCB6FDC3" box="[746,851,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FC04FE50FB87FDC3" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[1011,1122,511,537]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FC04FE50FB87FDC3" box="[1011,1122,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the number and size of frontal pseudopores (2030 and small in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FD98FD8CFD18FDE7" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[623,765,547,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD98FD8CFD6BFDE7" box="[623,654,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD69FD8CFD18FDE7" box="[670,765,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FCF1FD8CFC8BFDE7" bold="true" box="[774,878,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FCF1FD8CFC8BFDE7" box="[774,878,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, but about 20 and larger in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FB45FD8CFAC4FDE7" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[1202,1313,547,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB45FD8CFB34FDE7" box="[1202,1233,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB16FD8CFAC4FDE7" box="[1249,1313,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), presence of adventitious avicularia (absent in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FDB5FDE8FD54FDBB" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[578,689,583,609]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FDB5FDE8FD54FDBB" box="[578,689,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and primary orifice with a proximal margin U-shaped (almost straight in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FEE7FDC4FE9BFD5F" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[272,382,619,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FEE7FDC4FECAFD5F" box="[272,303,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FEC9FDC4FE9BFD5F" box="[318,382,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FE62FDC4FD68FD5E" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[405,653,619,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE62FDC4FD68FD5E" box="[405,653,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cycloperiella rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically distinct from
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FBF0FDC4FB71FD5F" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1031,1172,619,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FBF0FDC4FBC3FD5F" box="[1031,1062,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FBC2FDC4FB71FD5F" box="[1077,1172,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB6CFDC4FAE4FD5F" bold="true" box="[1179,1281,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FB6CFDC4FAE4FD5F" box="[1179,1281,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the colony form (
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FF29FD20FE86FD72" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[222,355,655,681]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FF29FD20FF18FD73" box="[222,253,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FEFCFD20FE86FD72" box="[267,355,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can form erect colonies, whereas
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FD28FD20FC8FFD73" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[735,874,655,681]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD28FD20FD1BFD73" box="[735,766,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FCFCFD20FC8FFD73" box="[779,874,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FC86FD20FC32FD73" bold="true" box="[881,983,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FC86FD20FC32FD73" box="[881,983,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is always encrusting), number of frontal pseudopores (up to
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FE8AFD1CFE5CFD17" box="[381,441,691,717]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
the illustration of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FD63FD1CFCF9FD16" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[660,796,691,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD63FD1CFD56FD17" box="[660,691,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD33FD1CFCF9FD16" box="[708,796,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 2030 pseudopores in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FBA9FD1CFB08FD17" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1118,1261,691,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FBA9FD1CFB98FD17" box="[1118,1149,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB79FD1CFB08FD17" box="[1166,1261,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB00FD1CFA85FD17" bold="true" box="[1271,1376,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FB00FD1CFA85FD17" box="[1271,1376,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) and length of the primary orifice (about
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FDB7FD78FD50FD2B" box="[576,693,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.140 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FD17FD78FC95FD2B" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[736,880,727,753]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD17FD78FD1AFD2B" box="[736,767,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FCE6FD78FC95FD2B" box="[785,880,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FC8DFD78FC01FD2B" bold="true" box="[890,996,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FC8DFD78FC01FD2B" box="[890,996,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and about
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FB9DFD78FB05FD2B" box="[1130,1248,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.180 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FAFCFD78FA76FD2A" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[1291,1427,727,753]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FAFCFD78FACFFD2B" box="[1291,1322,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FACCFD78FA76FD2A" box="[1339,1427,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FF68FD54FED3FCCF" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[159,310,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref12005" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1947) Bryozoa of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, 1939. Report of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expeditions, 5, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1947">Osburn 1947</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2FFFF9FDEAFD54FDA8FCCF" box="[541,589,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FD84FD54FD12FCCE" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[627,759,763,789]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD84FD54FD12FCCE" box="[627,759,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy. rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks a redescription to allow for a better comparison of the species with
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FEDFFCB0FE51FCE3" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[296,436,799,825]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FEDFFCB0FEA2FCE3" box="[296,327,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FEA2FCB0FE51FCE3" box="[341,436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE4CFCB0FDC4FCE3" bold="true" box="[443,545,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FE4CFCB0FDC4FCE3" box="[443,545,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
However, both the original description and illustration offer adequate details to differentiate the two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2FFFF9FF30FCC8FDD8FB7B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
The material collected by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FE05FCC8FD4DFC5B" author="Hastings, A. B." box="[498,680,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="697 - 740" refId="ref10935" refString="Hastings, A. B. (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. A. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. ' St George'. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 99, 697 - 740. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1929. tb 01453. x" type="journal article" year="1930">Hastings (1930)</bibRefCitation>
from Gorgona Island (
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2FFFF9FC58FCC8FBC4FC5B" box="[943,1057,871,897]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Colombia</collectingCountry>
) and reported as
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FB1FFCC8FA8DFC5B" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1256,1384,871,897]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB1FFCC8FA8DFC5B" box="[1256,1384,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as having smaller zooids and opercula (zooids ranging from
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FC30FC24FB46FC7F" box="[967,1187,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.485" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.43">0.430 to 0.540 mm</quantity>
in length), unlike the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2FFFF9FF60FC00FF22FC13" box="[151,199,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FF06FC00FE9AFC13" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[241,383,943,969]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FF06FC00FEF5FC13" box="[241,272,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FED7FC00FE9AFC13" box="[288,383,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE7FFC00FE0AFC13" bold="true" box="[392,495,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FE7FFC00FE0AFC13" box="[392,495,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, where zooids range from
<quantity id="5E5F9B3D1F2FFFF9FCD1FC01FBE6FC13" box="[806,1027,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.32" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.02" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.632" valueMax="0.762" valueMin="0.502">0.502 to 0.762 mm</quantity>
. This material requires reevaluation using SEM, and it may represent a distinct species. Specimens from
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2FFFF9FC5CFC7CFC12FC37" box="[939,1015,979,1005]" name="Ghana" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FB59FC7CFAA4FC37" author="Cook, P. L." box="[1198,1345,978,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref10306" refString="Cook, P. L. (1985) Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary survey. Annales Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, Tervuren, 238, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1985">Cook (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, exhibit zooid orifice with a nearly straight proximal margin (U-shaped in the Brazilian material) and avicularia with a longer and narrower rostrum (short and acute in the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2FFFF9FD04FBB4FCC6FBEF" box="[755,803,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">type</typeStatus>
specimen), suggesting a distinct species. An additional image of the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2FFFF9FE04FB90FDD9FB83" box="[499,572,1087,1113]" name="Ghana" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Ghana</collectingCountry>
provided by D.P. Gordon (http://bryozoa.net/cheilostomata/gigantoporidae/ cosciniopsis
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FED5FBCCFE75FBA7" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[290,400,1123,1149]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">_violacea</taxonomicName>
.html) reveals a calcified ectooecium only at the margins of the ovicell. This indicates that it is not
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FF2BFB28FE91FB7B" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[220,372,1159,1185]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FF2BFB28FE91FB7B" box="[220,372,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FE50FB28FDD3FB7B" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1927" box="[423,566,1159,1185]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE50FB28FDD3FB7B" box="[423,566,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cosciniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BD65531F2FFFF9FF30FB05FB46FAD7" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="991836D81F2FFFF9FF30FB05FB46FAD7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FF30FB05FE84FB1E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1194,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FE9FFB04FD82FB1F" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[360,615,1195,1221]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE9FFB04FD82FB1F" box="[360,615,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cycloperiella violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD99FB04FD30FB1F" bold="true" box="[622,725,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FD99FB04FD30FB1F" box="[622,725,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was originally described from
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2FFFF9FBC2FB04FB3DFB1F" box="[1077,1240,1195,1221]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2FFFF9FAF8FB04FAB5FB1F" box="[1295,1360,1195,1221]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FAA8FB04FEADFB33" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler 1928</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, its occurrence is expanded to
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2FFFF9FCC3FB60FC76FB33" box="[820,915,1231,1257]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2FFFF9FC6AFB60FC04FB33" box="[925,993,1231,1257]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Ceará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2FFFF9FC1BFB60FB9EFB33" box="[1004,1147,1231,1257]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="5B63F83A1F2FFFF9FB44FB60FA78FB33" box="[1203,1437,1231,1257]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
(Potiguar Basin). This species is usually found encrusting hard substrates such as rhodoliths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,65 +1,65 @@
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<mods:title id="21130BBDE717326479CDC71DF0110817">On some colorful bryozoans from Brazil: reevaluation of Aptonella violacea Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 and a new species of Cosciniopsis Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927</mods:title>
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Taxonomy of
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from
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<paragraph id="991836D81F2FFFF9FF60FA08FD1DF8DF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1447,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FF60FA08FEA0FA1B" ID-CoL="84K8D" authorityName="Bassler" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,325,1447,1473]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Gigantoporidae</taxonomicName>
was recently characterized by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FD5AFA08FC72FA1B" author="Martha, S. O. &amp; Vieira, L. M. &amp; Souto-Derungs, J. &amp; Grischenko, A. V. &amp; Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[685,919,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="317 - 423" refId="ref11625" refString="Martha, S. O., Vieira, L. M., Souto-Derungs, J., Grischenko, A. V., Gordon D. P. &amp; Ostrovsky, A. N. (2020) Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata. In: Schwaha, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Phylum Bryozoa. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 317 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110586312 - 011" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Martha
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FCF0FA08FCDEFA1B" box="[775,827,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
as having encrusting or erect colonies, large zooids with a pseudoporous lepralioid wall, orifice with a wide proximal sinus and condyles, but without spines, and notably, a raised secondary orifice forming a tubular peristome and having adventitious avicularia and spiramen. Additionally, the peristomial ovicell was characterized as having a membranous ectooecium and a pseudoporous endooecium.
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FEDAF998FE5CF98B" author="Bock, P." box="[301,441,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" refId="ref9706" refString="Bock, P. (2024) The Bryozoa Homepage. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. Available from: http: // bryozoa. net / (accessed 28 March 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Bock (2024)</bibRefCitation>
reports that the family comprises 49 species with representatives widely reported (mainly in the tropics). According to
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FE19F9F4FD36F9AF" author="Vieira, L. M. &amp; Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E." box="[494,723,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref12822" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of Recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1810.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Vieira
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FDC9F9F4FD91F9AF" box="[574,628,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, only two species of
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were reported from the Brazilian coast, namely
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FE52F9D0FD42F943" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1881" box="[421,679,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gigantopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lyncoides">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE52F9D0FD42F943" box="[421,679,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Gigantopora lyncoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FD2BF9D0FC4AF943" ID-CoL="FZ7Y" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[732,943,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD2BF9D0FC4AF943" box="[732,943,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Aptonella violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
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<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FC22F9D0FB85F943" box="[981,1120,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cy. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2FFFF9FB91F9D0FB29F943" box="[1126,1228,1663,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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). While numerous studies have unveiled previously undocumented bryozoan biodiversity along the Brazilian coast (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FB08F90CFF37F93B" author="Almeida, A. C. S. &amp; Alves, O. &amp; Peso-Aguiar, M. &amp; Dominguez, J. &amp; Souza, F." pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref9429" refString="Almeida, A. C. S., Alves, O., Peso-Aguiar, M., Dominguez, J. &amp; Souza, F. (2015) Gymnolaemata bryozoans of Bahia State, Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000743" type="journal article" year="2015">
Almeida
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FA91F90CFA70F967" box="[1382,1429,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FF29F968FEFCF93B" author="Almeida, A. C. &amp; Larre, I. R. N. M. &amp; Vieira, L. M." box="[222,281,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="511 - 537" refId="ref9489" refString="Almeida, A. C., Larre, I. R. N. M. &amp; Vieira, L. M. (2021) Ten new species of marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomatida) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 5048 (4), 511 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5048.4.3" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FED2F968FDE8F93B" author="Ramalho, L. V. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Moraes, F. C. &amp; Moura, R. &amp; Amado-Filho, G. M. &amp; Bastos, A. C." box="[293,525,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="155 - 186" refId="ref12179" refString="Ramalho, L. V., Taylor, P. D., Moraes, F. C., Moura, R., Amado-Filho, G. M. &amp; Bastos, A. C. (2018) Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootax a, 4483 (1), 155 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4483.1.6" type="journal article" year="2018">
Ramalho
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE65F968FE21F93B" box="[402,452,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FDEEF968FD1EF93B" author="Winston, J. E. &amp; Vieira, L. M. &amp; Woollacott, R. M." box="[537,763,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" pagination="139 - 239" refId="ref13181" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Winston
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FD88F968FD55F93B" box="[639,688,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FCF1F968FC2BF93B" author="Vieira, L. M. &amp; Almeida, A. C. S. &amp; Winston, J. E." box="[774,974,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" refId="ref12753" refString="Vieira, L. M., Almeida, A. C. S. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2016) Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceio, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina. Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 59 - 083. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.1.3" type="journal volume" year="2016">
Vieira
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FCA5F968FC61F93B" box="[850,900,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), there have been no reports of any other gigantoporid species to date (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2FFFF9FE28F944FD09F8DF" author="Vieira L. M. &amp; Almeida, A. C." box="[479,748,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" refId="ref12701" refString="Vieira L. M. &amp; Almeida, A. C. S (2024) Bryozoa in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 157416 (accessed 17 January 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Vieira &amp; Almeida 2024</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2FFFF9FF30F8A0FE5CF84F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1447,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
As mentioned earlier,
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<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FE3BF8A0FDAAF8F3" box="[460,591,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now assigned to the bitectiporid genus
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<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FBBFF8A0FB05F8F3" box="[1096,1248,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the only gigantoporid reported from
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2FFFF9FE39F89CFDF7F897" box="[462,530,1843,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Brazil</collectingCountry>
is
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FDC4F89CFD22F897" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1881" box="[563,711,1843,1869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gigantopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lyncoides">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FDC4F89CFD22F897" box="[563,711,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Gi. lyncoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
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species of the genus. This species is here described and imaged using SEM for the first time since its original description. Additionally, a new species of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2FFFF9FB27F8F8FABAF8AB" ID-CoL="84NWZ" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1927" box="[1232,1375,1879,1905]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2FFFF9FB27F8F8FABAF8AB" box="[1232,1375,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Cosciniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2FFFF9FF60F8D4FF3EF84F" box="[151,219,1915,1941]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Brazil</collectingCountry>
is described below.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="AECC3752FFF9FFAFFF75F87023A3F838" bold="true" box="[238,399,1967,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pachyrhabda</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5BB890C3FFF8FFAEFF0CFF482392FF5D" ID-CoL="92HN3" authority="Meyrick, 1897" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,446,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Stathmopodidae" genus="Pachyrhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AECC3752FFF8FFAEFF0CFF482333FF5D" box="[151,287,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Pachyrhabda</emphasis>
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;
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Proceedings of the Linnean Society of
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, 22 (2): 312.
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species:
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<emphasis id="AECC3752FFF8FFAEFA8FFF482318FF3F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Pachyrhabda steropodes</emphasis>
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, by monotypy.
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View file

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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC589359FBCF9DBFB56F92D" blockId="51.[189,1399,1607,1704]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFC589359FBCF9DBFB56F92D" collectingDate="2015-01-04" collectionCode="NBAIR, NIM" collectorName="Mohammed Ashraf K." country="India" location="Bangalore" municipality="Hesaraghatta" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFC589359FBCF9DBFEF7F90E" box="[189,270,1642,1668]" name="India" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFC589359E22F9DAFEC5F90F" box="[291,316,1643,1669]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male"></specimenCount>
@ -195,12 +195,10 @@ is slender at the base and they curve and angularly dilate before the middle; in
leg.; specimen deposited at
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFC589359D7CF93CFD22F92D" box="[637,731,1677,1703]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">NBAIR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFC589359DE6F93CFCD8F92D" box="[743,801,1677,1703]" country="France" name="Museum d'histoire naturelle de Nîmes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">NIM</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFC589359C2BF93CFC7FF92D" box="[810,902,1677,1703]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/COL/ONIT/H-271023C.
</materialsCitation>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFC589359DE6F93CFB56F92D" box="[743,1199,1677,1703]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">NIM/NBAIR/COL/ONIT/H-271023C.</specimenCode>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFC589359FEBF97EFBCDF886" collectingDate="2015-01-04" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Mohammed Ashraf K." country="India" location="Bangalore" municipality="Hesaraghatta" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000789" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="paratype">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC589359FEBF97EFEA5F963" blockId="51.[189,1080,1743,1804]" box="[234,348,1743,1769]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFC589359FEBF97EFEA5F963" bold="true" box="[234,348,1743,1769]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="02638866FFC589359FEBF97EFEA5F963" box="[234,348,1743,1769]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
@ -208,16 +206,14 @@ leg.; specimen deposited at
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC589359FBCF943FBC1F886" blockId="51.[189,1080,1743,1804]" box="[189,1080,1778,1804]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
COUNTRY •
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFC589359E60F943FBCDF886" box="[353,1076,1778,1804]" collectionCode="AIMB" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFC589359E60F943FE83F886" box="[353,378,1778,1804]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male"></specimenCount>
; same collection details as
<typeStatus id="02638866FFC589359DB8F943FCDAF886" box="[697,803,1778,1804]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
; same collection details as holotype;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFC589359C2CF943FC82F886" box="[813,891,1778,1804]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">AIMB</collectionCode>
/Co/Sc1000789
</materialsCitation>
/
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFC589359C85F943FBCDF886" box="[900,1076,1778,1804]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Co/Sc1000789</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFC589359FBCF882FEDCF848" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC589359FBCF882FEBDF8C7" blockId="51.[189,324,1843,1869]" box="[189,324,1843,1869]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ The pronotal and elytral measurements of this species are almost the same, givin
which means expanse in Sanskrit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFC289329FBCFEB9FB35F9B6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFC289329FBCFEB9FEC0FA22" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC289329FBCFEB9FEB7FEA8" blockId="52.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="862F81A8FFC289329FBCFEB9FEB7FEA8" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFC289329FBCFEB9FEB7FEA8" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Description</emphasis>
@ -260,6 +256,8 @@ AEDEAGUS (in mm) (
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFC289329FEBFADAFEBCFA0F" bold="true" box="[234,325,1387,1413]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC289329FBCFA3FFEC0FA22" blockId="52.[189,325,1387,1448]" box="[189,313,1422,1448]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFC289329FBCFA61FB35F9B6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFC289329FBCFA61FEE4FA60" blockId="52.[189,285,1488,1514]" box="[189,285,1488,1514]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="862F81A8FFC289329FBCFA61FEE4FA60" bold="true" box="[189,285,1488,1514]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFC289329FBCFA61FEE4FA60" bold="true" box="[189,285,1488,1514]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Habitat</emphasis>

View file

@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFDA892A9D9DFD39FC6EFD28" box="[668,919,648,674]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892A9D9DFD39FC6EFD28" blockId="44.[612,976,612,674]" box="[668,919,648,674]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFDA892A9D9DFD39FCF0FD28" box="[668,777,648,674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,231,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[309,1270,282,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-77@34.[189,1398,262,1780]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 12.A. Onitissinghalensis Lansberge, 1875, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC4812, (image:Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN.) B. Onitissiva Gillet, 1911, holotype, ♀, (image: Jonathan Brecko, IRSNB). C. O. subopacus Arrow, 1931, holotype, ♂, BMNH(E)1237174, (image: BMNH). D. O.virens Lansberge, 1875, paralectotype, ♂, (image: Jonathan Brecko, IRSNB). EF Onitisvisthara sp. nov., holotype, ♂, NIM/ NBAIR/COL/ONIT/H-271023C (images: AIMB). E. Habitus, dorsal view. F. Habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742883/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
,
@ -68,13 +68,13 @@
,
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFDA892A9C7BFD39FC6EFD28" box="[890,919,648,674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,265,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-1@50.[214,1374,251,1892]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 20. Map showing the distribution of Onitissiva Gillet, 1911; O. subopacus Arrow, 1931; O. virens Lansberge, 1875 and O. visthara sp. nov. in the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742911/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892A9FBCFD7BFC9CFD6E" blockId="44.[189,869,713,740]" box="[189,869,713,740]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9FBCFD7BFE71FD6E" box="[189,392,714,740]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Onitissubopacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFDA892A9E8FFD7BFDA4FD6E" author="Arrow G. J." box="[398,605,713,740]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref26985" refString="Arrow G. J. 1931. The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Coleoptera Lamellicornia Part III, (Coprinae). Taylor &amp; Francis, London." type="book" year="1931">Arrow, 1931: 395</bibRefCitation>
(original description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFDA892A9FBCFCBAFD0DFB41" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892A9FBCFCBAFDF0FB0F" blockId="44.[189,1406,779,1228]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDC811EAFFDA892A9FBCFCBAFDF0FB0F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFDA892A9FBCFCBAFE75FCAF" ID-CoL="49KLJ" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,396,779,805]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subopacus">
@ -207,13 +207,13 @@ of the same group but differs in that the former has a less strongly punctured p
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9FBCFA37FE15FA2A" bold="true" box="[189,492,1414,1440]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9FEBFA04FC2EF99F" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Sri Lanka" location="SRI LANKA" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="(E) 1237174" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892A9FEBFA04FEA5FA45" blockId="44.[189,1398,1461,1558]" box="[234,348,1461,1487]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9FEBFA04FEA5FA45" bold="true" box="[234,348,1461,1487]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="02638866FFDA892A9FEBFA04FEA5FA45" box="[234,348,1461,1487]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892A9FBCFA69FC2EF99F" blockId="44.[189,1398,1461,1558]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9FBCFA69FC2EF99F" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Sri Lanka" location="SRI LANKA" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFDA892A9FBCFA69FEACFA78" box="[189,341,1496,1522]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9E6BFA69FE7AFA78" box="[362,387,1496,1522]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male"></specimenCount>
@ -221,12 +221,12 @@ of the same group but differs in that the former has a less strongly punctured p
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFDA892A9CA2FA69FB95FA78" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1931" box="[931,1132,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subopacus">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9CA2FA69FB95FA78" box="[931,1132,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Onitis subopacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="02638866FFDA892A9B70FA69FB5FFA78" box="[1137,1190,1496,1522]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
, Arrow (aedeagus point-mounted and attached with specimen)”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9DDDFA4DFCCDF99C" box="[732,820,1532,1558]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1237174.
</materialsCitation>
type, Arrow (aedeagus point-mounted and attached with specimen)”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9DDDFA4DFCCDF99C" box="[732,820,1532,1558]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDA892A9C3DFA4AFC2AF99F" box="[828,979,1531,1557]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">(E) 1237174</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892A9FEBF98DFCE2F9DC" blockId="44.[189,1400,1596,2010]" box="[234,795,1596,1623]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9FEBF98DFD9BF9DC" bold="true" box="[234,610,1596,1622]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Additional material examined</emphasis>
(
@ -234,15 +234,15 @@ of the same group but differs in that the former has a less strongly punctured p
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDA892B9FBCF9D1FA8EFD90" blockId="44.[189,1400,1596,2010]" lastBlockId="45.[189,1400,263,538]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9FBCF9D1FC4AF914" collectingDate="1928-05-18" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="C. F. C. Beeson" country="India" county="Kashmir" location="Sindh Valley" municipality="Haran Pltn." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9FBCF9D1FC4AF914" collectingDate="1928-05-18" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="C. F. C. Beeson" country="India" county="Kashmir" location="Haran Pltn" municipality="Haran Pltn." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="(E) 1237175" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFDA892A9FBCF9D1FEF2F9F0" box="[189,267,1632,1658]" name="India" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9E25F9D1FEC3F9F0" box="[292,314,1632,1658]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female"></specimenCount>
; “
<collectingCounty id="34064E48FFDA892A9E52F9EEFE40F9F3" box="[339,441,1631,1657]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kashmir</collectingCounty>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="3D03ACBEFFDA892A9EC5F9D1FDBCF9F3" box="[452,581,1631,1658]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Haran Pltn.</collectingMunicipality>
5500,
<location id="D807601FFFDA892A9EC5F9D1FDB9F9F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDA892A9EC5F9D1FDB9F9F3" box="[452,576,1631,1658]" country="India" county="Kashmir" municipality="Haran Pltn." name="Haran Pltn" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Haran Pltn</location>
. 5500,
<location id="D807601FFFDA892A9D93F9EEFCDBF9F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDA892A9D93F9EEFCDBF9F3" box="[658,802,1631,1657]" country="India" county="Kashmir" municipality="Haran Pltn." name="Sindh Valley" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sindh Valley</location>
,
<date id="A9661004FFDA892A9C2CF9D1FC64F9F0" box="[813,925,1632,1658]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1928-05-18">
@ -251,24 +251,20 @@ of the same group but differs in that the former has a less strongly punctured p
,
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9CA8F9D1FBB4F9F0" box="[937,1101,1632,1658]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">C.F.C. Beeson</collectorName>
; ex. coll., Dehradun, B.M. 1928-472;
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9E38F932FE05F917" box="[313,508,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<location id="D807601FFFDA892A9E38F932FE05F917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDA892A9E38F932FE05F917" box="[313,508,1667,1693]" country="India" county="Kashmir" municipality="Haran Pltn." name="Onitissubopacus" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Onitissubopacus</location>
</emphasis>
co-type,
<location id="D807601FFFDA892A9D69F932FD4EF917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDA892A9D69F932FD4EF917" box="[616,695,1667,1693]" country="India" county="Kashmir" municipality="Haran Pltn." name="Arrow" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Arrow</location>
”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9DCEF932FCDEF917" box="[719,807,1667,1693]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1237175
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDA892A9E38F932FE05F917" box="[313,508,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Onitissubopacus</emphasis>
co-type, Arrow”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9DCEF932FCDEF917" box="[719,807,1667,1693]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDA892A9C27F932FC4AF914" box="[806,947,1667,1694]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">(E) 1237175</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9CD1F932FE65F94A" collectionCode="ZSIM" country="India" determinerName="Det. G. J. Arrow" location="Arrow Collection" municipality="Roorkee" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9CD1F932FE65F94A" collectionCode="ZSIM" country="India" determinerName="G. J. Arrow" location="Arrow Collection" municipality="Roorkee" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9CD1F932FC11F917" box="[976,1000,1667,1693]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male"></specimenCount>
; “
<collectingMunicipality id="3D03ACBEFFDA892A9B01F932FB9DF917" box="[1024,1124,1667,1693]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Roorkee</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="D807601FFFDA892A9B71F932FAC0F917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDA892A9B71F932FAC0F917" box="[1136,1337,1667,1693]" country="India" municipality="Roorkee" name="Arrow Collection" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Arrow Collection</location>
,
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFDA892A9A46F932FEC3F94A" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Det. G.J. Arrow</determinerName>
, Det.
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFDA892A9FBCF917FEC3F94A" box="[189,314,1702,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">G.J. Arrow</determinerName>
”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9E59F917FE65F94A" box="[344,412,1702,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ZSIM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
@ -279,7 +275,7 @@ co-type,
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9ED4F917FDE0F94A" box="[469,537,1702,1728]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ZSIM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9D2EF917FCBFF88C" collectingDate="2009-05-08" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="839" latitude="8.861611" location="Rockwood" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.13347" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9D2EF917FCBFF88C" collectingDate="2009-05-08" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" elevation="839" latitude="8.861611" location="Rockwood" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.13347" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000711 to 1000716" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9D2EF917FD88F94B" box="[559,625,1702,1729]" count="4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9D7AF917FD45F94B" box="[635,700,1702,1729]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -309,13 +305,10 @@ a.s.l.
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9EB7F95CFE06F88D" box="[438,511,1773,1799]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9D09F95CFDD1F88D" box="[520,552,1773,1799]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9D30F95CFDB5F88D" box="[561,588,1773,1799]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sc</collectorName>
1000711 to 1000716
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDA892A9D09F95CFCBFF88C" box="[520,838,1772,1799]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co/Sc1000711 to 1000716</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9C70F95CFA8EF8A0" collectingDate="2009-12-04" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="173" latitude="8.912666" location="Kattilappara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09592" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9C70F95CFA8EF8A0" collectingDate="2009-12-04" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="173" latitude="8.912666" location="Kattilappara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09592" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000717" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9C70F95CFC7EF88D" box="[881,903,1773,1799]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFDA892A9C9EF95DFC15F88C" box="[927,1004,1772,1798]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kerala</collectingRegion>
@ -338,13 +331,10 @@ evergreen forest;
;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9B7EF8A1FB31F8A0" box="[1151,1224,1808,1834]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9BD0F8A1FB08F8A0" box="[1233,1265,1808,1834]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9BFBF8A1FAECF8A0" box="[1274,1301,1808,1834]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sc</collectorName>
1000717
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDA892A9BD0F8A1FA8EF8A0" box="[1233,1399,1808,1834]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co/Sc1000717</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9FCFF882FD8CF819" collectingDate="2009-12-03" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="185" latitude="8.9151945" location="Kattilappara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.10797" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9FCFF882FD8CF819" collectingDate="2009-12-03" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" elevation="185" latitude="8.9151945" location="Kattilappara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.10797" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000718 to 1000724" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9FCFF882FEE8F8C7" box="[206,273,1843,1869]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9E1CF882FEA6F8C7" box="[285,351,1843,1870]" count="5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -374,13 +364,10 @@ a.s.l.
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9FF5F8C8FEC4F819" box="[244,317,1913,1939]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9E47F8C8FE9FF819" box="[326,358,1913,1939]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9E6EF8C8FE73F819" box="[367,394,1913,1939]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sc</collectorName>
1000718 to 1000724
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDA892A9E47F8C8FD8CF819" box="[326,629,1913,1940]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co/Sc1000718 to 1000724</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9D91F8C8FC0AF850" collectingDate="2009-12-03" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="207" latitude="8.918222" location="Kattilapara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09575" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892A9D91F8C8FC0AF850" collectingDate="2009-12-03" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" elevation="207" latitude="8.918222" location="Kattilapara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09575" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000725 to 1000738" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9D91F8C8FD2DF81E" box="[656,724,1913,1940]" count="9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">9 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9DE0F8C8FCDDF81E" box="[737,804,1913,1940]" count="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -410,13 +397,10 @@ a.s.l.
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDA892A9D72F80EFD45F850" box="[627,700,1983,2010]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9DC4F80EFD1CF850" box="[709,741,1983,2010]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDA892A9DEFF80EFCF0F850" box="[750,777,1983,2010]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sc</collectorName>
1000725 to 1000738
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDA892A9DC4F80EFC0AF850" box="[709,1011,1983,2010]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Co/Sc1000725 to 1000738</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892B9B0FF871FB4DFECC" collectingDate="2009-11-29" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="1234" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" latitude="8.827528" location="Pandimotta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.21719" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDA892B9B0FF871FB4DFECC" collectingDate="2009-11-29" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" elevation="1234" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" latitude="8.827528" location="Pandimotta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.21719" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000739" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDA892A9B0FF871FBDFF850" box="[1038,1062,1984,2010]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFDA892A9B35F80EFB78F853" box="[1076,1153,1983,2009]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kerala</collectingRegion>
@ -444,13 +428,10 @@ a.s.l.
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDB892B9CBCFE9DFBFFFECC" box="[957,1030,300,326]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDB892B9B0EFE9DFBD6FECC" box="[1039,1071,300,326]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDB892B9B36FE9DFBABFECC" box="[1079,1106,300,326]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sc</collectorName>
1000739
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDB892B9B0EFE9DFB4DFECC" box="[1039,1204,300,326]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Co/Sc1000739</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9BD4FE9CFC48FE07" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="11.974199" location="Sungathakatte" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.1856" municipality="Nagarhole National Park" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9BD4FE9CFC48FE07" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="11.974199" location="Sungathakatte" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.1856" municipality="Nagarhole National Park" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="/Co/Sc1000740" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDB892B9BD4FE9CFB14FECD" box="[1237,1261,301,327]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFDB892B9BFCFE9DFA8AFECC" box="[1277,1395,300,326]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
@ -468,14 +449,10 @@ dry deciduous forest;
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDB892B9E32FEC3FD82FE06" box="[307,635,370,396]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDB892B9DBBFEC2FCFAFE07" box="[698,771,371,397]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
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1000740
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<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9CCBFEC2FEC2FE59" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="12.0634" location="Sarathi Nulla" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.17799" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9CCBFEC2FEC2FE59" collectingMethod="open cattle dung baited trap" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="12.0634" location="Sarathi Nulla" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.17799" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="Co/ Sc1000741" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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;
<location id="D807601FFFDB892B9CEFFEC3FB7AFE06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDB892B9CEFFEC3FB7AFE06" box="[1006,1155,370,396]" country="India" latitude="12.0634" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.17799" name="Sarathi Nulla" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sarathi Nulla</location>
@ -490,21 +467,17 @@ dry deciduous forest;
leg.;
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/
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1000741
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDB892B9A4FFE27FEC2FE59" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Co/ Sc1000741</specimenCode>
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<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9E57FE08FD5FFE7C" collectingDate="2019-02-18" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Harsha Malhotra &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" location="South" municipality="Eden of Bison" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tripura">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9E57FE08FD5FFE7C" collectingDate="2019-02-18" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Harsha Malhotra" country="India" location="South Tripura" municipality="Eden of Bison" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000742" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tripura">
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;
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="3D03ACBEFFDB892B9EDDFE08FD7BFE59" box="[476,642,441,467]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Eden of Bison</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="D807601FFFDB892B9D8EFE08FD29FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDB892B9D8EFE08FD29FE59" box="[655,720,441,467]" country="India" municipality="Eden of Bison" name="South" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Tripura">South</location>
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFDB892B9DD9FE08FCD4FE59" box="[728,813,441,467]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tripura</collectingRegion>
<location id="D807601FFFDB892B9D8EFE08FCD4FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDA892B9D65FDD4FC1FFA7B:D807601FFFDB892B9D8EFE08FCD4FE59" box="[655,813,441,467]" country="India" municipality="Eden of Bison" name="South Tripura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Tripura">South Tripura</location>
, forest;
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@ -514,13 +487,10 @@ leg.;
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDB892B9EAEFE6DFE01FE7C" box="[431,504,476,502]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
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/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDB892B9D28FE6DFDBDFE7C" box="[553,580,476,502]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sc</collectorName>
1000742
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDB892B9D00FE6DFD5FFE7C" box="[513,678,476,502]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Co/Sc1000742</specimenCode>
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<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9DB8FE6DFA8AFD90" collectingDate="2021-04-24" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" location="Forest" municipality="Singphan Elephant Reserve" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nagaland">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDB892B9DB8FE6DFA8AFD90" collectingDate="2021-04-24" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" location="Forest" municipality="Singphan Elephant Reserve" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000743 to 1000745" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nagaland">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDB892B9DB8FE6DFD00FE7D" box="[697,761,476,503]" count="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDB892B9C03FE6CFCE1FE7D" box="[770,792,477,503]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female"></specimenCount>
@ -539,10 +509,7 @@ leg.;
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDB892B9CF4FE4EFBC7FD93" box="[1013,1086,511,537]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDB892B9B46FE4EFB9EFD93" box="[1095,1127,511,537]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Co</collectorName>
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1000743 to 1000745
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDB892B9B46FE4EFA8AFD90" box="[1095,1395,511,538]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Co/Sc1000743 to 1000745</specimenCode>
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View file

@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
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<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFDB892B9D9CF9EBFCF2F9FE" box="[669,779,1626,1652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,231,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[309,1270,282,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-77@34.[189,1398,262,1780]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 12.A. Onitissinghalensis Lansberge, 1875, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC4812, (image:Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN.) B. Onitissiva Gillet, 1911, holotype, ♀, (image: Jonathan Brecko, IRSNB). C. O. subopacus Arrow, 1931, holotype, ♂, BMNH(E)1237174, (image: BMNH). D. O.virens Lansberge, 1875, paralectotype, ♂, (image: Jonathan Brecko, IRSNB). EF Onitisvisthara sp. nov., holotype, ♂, NIM/ NBAIR/COL/ONIT/H-271023C (images: AIMB). E. Habitus, dorsal view. F. Habitus, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742883/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 12D</figureCitation>
,
@ -68,6 +68,8 @@
,
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFDB892B9C7BF9EBFC6EF9FE" box="[890,919,1626,1652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,265,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-1@50.[214,1374,251,1892]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 20. Map showing the distribution of Onitissiva Gillet, 1911; O. subopacus Arrow, 1931; O. virens Lansberge, 1875 and O. visthara sp. nov. in the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742911/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFDB89289FBCF92DFC33FEE3" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDB892B9FBCF92DFC99F93F" blockId="45.[189,864,1691,1753]" box="[189,864,1691,1718]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDB892B9FBCF92DFEAAF93C" box="[189,339,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Onitisvirens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFDB892B9E5BF92AFDA0F93C" author="Lansberge G." box="[346,601,1691,1718]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref29884" refString="Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 11 (2): 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1875">Lansberge, 1875: 135</bibRefCitation>
@ -78,8 +80,6 @@
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFDB892B9E96F90FFD60F952" author="Lansberge G." box="[407,665,1726,1753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref29884" refString="Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 11 (2): 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1875">Lansberge, 1875: 136</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFDB89289FBCF8B1FC33FEE3" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDB89289FBCF8B1FC33FEE3" blockId="45.[189,1399,1792,1995]" lastBlockId="46.[234,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDC811EAFFDB89289FBCF8B1FC33FEE3" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFDB892B9FBCF8B1FEAFF890" ID-CoL="49KMB" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" box="[189,342,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virens">
@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ Also see remarks under
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289FBCFDD6FE15FD0B" bold="true" box="[189,492,615,641]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289FEBFD24FEA2FCB7" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="A. Janssens &amp; Collection E. Candeze" determinerName="G. J. Arrow &amp; Van Lansberge" location="Van" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Van" typeStatus="syntype">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFD889289FEBFD24FEA3FD25" blockId="46.[189,1399,661,900]" box="[234,346,661,687]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289FEBFD24FEA3FD25" bold="true" box="[234,346,661,687]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="02638866FFD889289FEBFD24FEA3FD25" box="[234,346,661,687]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
@ -206,7 +207,6 @@ Also see remarks under
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFD889289FBCFD08FCD0FC09" blockId="46.[189,1399,661,900]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
UNKNOWN TYPE LOCALTY •
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289D57FD0BFEA2FCB7" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="A. Janssens &amp; Collection E. Candeze" determinerName="G. J. Arrow" location="Van" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Van" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289D57FD0BFD94FD5E" box="[598,621,698,724]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female"></specimenCount>
;
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289D7FFD0BFCDFFD5E" box="[638,806,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">“Onitisvirens</emphasis>
@ -219,11 +219,9 @@ vid., 1936:
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289FBCFD6CFE90FD7C" box="[189,361,733,759]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ONITIS virens</emphasis>
Lansb.
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="02638866FFD889289ED3FD6CFDCFFD7D" box="[466,566,733,759]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
; det
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFD889289D71FD6CFD67FD7D" box="[624,670,733,759]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Van</collectingRegion>
Lansberge.
; Syntype; det
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFD889289D71FD6CFCDCFD7C" box="[624,805,732,759]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Van Lansberge</determinerName>
.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289C30FD6DFBFFFD7C" box="[817,1030,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Onitisamplectens</emphasis>
Lansb.;
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFD889289B71FD6DFB0EFD7C" box="[1136,1271,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplectens">
@ -239,25 +237,19 @@ Lansb.
;
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289B6CFCB1FA8AFC90" box="[1133,1395,768,794]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Collection E. Candeze</collectorName>
: 109”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289E04FC92FEA2FCB7" box="[261,347,803,829]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IRSNB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289E04FC92FEA2FCB7" box="[261,347,803,829]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289E74FC92FCDDFC09" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="A. Janssens &amp; Collection E. Candeze" location="Van" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Van" typeStatus="syntype">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289E74FC92FCDDFC09" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="Collection E. Candeze" determinerName="Van Lansberge" location="Van" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Van" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289E74FC92FE75FCB7" box="[373,396,803,829]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female"></specimenCount>
; “
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289EA7FC92FDC9FCB7" box="[422,560,803,829]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A. Janssens</collectorName>
vid., 1936:
; “A. Janssens vid., 1936:
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFD889289DBCFC92FC44FCB7" authority="Lansb." authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" box="[701,957,803,829]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289DBCFC92FC9EFCB7" box="[701,871,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ONITIS virens</emphasis>
Lansb.
</taxonomicName>
; cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Xviii. 1875, p.135;
<typeStatus id="02638866FFD889289E0EFCF7FE8AFCEA" box="[271,371,838,864]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
; Ex-Typis de
; cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Xviii. 1875, p.135; Syntype; Ex-Typis de
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFD889289D14FCF7FD09FCEA" authority="Lansb." authorityName="Lansb." box="[533,752,838,864]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplectens">amplectens Lansb.</taxonomicName>
; AmplectensInd br Lansb.; Det.
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFD889289B79FCF6FB5FFCEB" box="[1144,1190,839,865]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Van</collectingRegion>
Lansberge
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFD889289B79FCF6FADEFCEA" box="[1144,1319,838,865]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Van Lansberge</determinerName>
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFD889289A2EFCF6FE61FC09" authority="Lansb." authorityName="Lansb." class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplectens">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289A2EFCF6FEB8FC09" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Onitis amplectens</emphasis>
Lansb.
@ -265,10 +257,11 @@ Lansb.
;
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289EA6FCD8FD4DFC09" box="[423,692,873,900]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Collection E. Candeze</collectorName>
”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289DCBFCD8FCDDFC09" box="[714,804,873,899]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289DCBFCD8FCDDFC09" box="[714,804,873,899]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IRSNB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFD889289FEBFC1AFCE2FC4F" blockId="46.[189,1400,939,1600]" box="[234,795,939,965]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289FEBFC1AFD9BFC4F" bold="true" box="[234,610,939,965]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Additional material examined</emphasis>
(
@ -276,7 +269,7 @@ Lansb.
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFD889289FBCFC7EFB88F9B5" blockId="46.[189,1400,939,1600]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289FBCFC7EFB62FC63" box="[189,1179,974,1001]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289FBCFC7EFB62FC63" box="[189,1179,974,1001]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="(E) 1237153" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFD889289FBCFC7EFEF2FC63" box="[189,267,975,1001]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289E2BFC7EFEBBFC63" box="[298,322,975,1001]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male"></specimenCount>
@ -285,14 +278,12 @@ Lansb.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFD889289E5CFC7EFE17FC62" box="[349,494,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Onitis virens</emphasis>
Lansb., Compared
</taxonomicName>
with
<typeStatus id="02638866FFD889289C11FC7EFCBAFC63" box="[784,835,975,1001]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
, G.J.A.”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289CB6FC7EFBF6FC63" box="[951,1039,975,1001]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1237153
with type, G.J.A.”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289CB6FC7EFBF6FC63" box="[951,1039,975,1001]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289B0FFC7EFB62FC63" box="[1038,1179,974,1001]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">(E) 1237153</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289BBBFC7EFC4DFB87" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="H. Stevens." country="India" location="Rungbong Vall." municipality="Gopaldhara" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289BBBFC7EFC4DFB87" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="H. Stevens." country="India" location="Rungbong Vall." municipality="Gopaldhara" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="(E)1237154" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289BBBFC7EFB29FC63" box="[1210,1232,975,1001]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female"></specimenCount>
; “
<collectingMunicipality id="3D03ACBEFFD889289BEAFC7EFA8AFC63" box="[1259,1395,975,1001]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Gopaldhara</collectingMunicipality>
@ -303,8 +294,9 @@ with
,
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289ECCFC43FDB5FB86" box="[461,588,1010,1036]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H.Stevens.</collectorName>
, 1916-218;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289DC8FC43FCD8FB86" box="[713,801,1010,1036]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E)1237154”
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289DC8FC43FCD8FB86" box="[713,801,1010,1036]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289C20FC43FC50FB87" box="[801,937,1010,1037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">(E)1237154</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289CC5FC43FE42FBA5" collectingDate="1927-02-23" country="India" county="Nerbuda Survey" elevation="823" location="Bewa State" municipality="Harai" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
@ -332,7 +324,7 @@ with
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289EF1FBA4FDCDFBA5" box="[496,564,1045,1071]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ZSIM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289D49FBA4FD83FBFC" collectingDate="1999-05-14" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="11.837999" location="Budipadaga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.07755" municipality="Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289D49FBA4FD83FBFC" collectingDate="1999-05-14" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="11.837999" location="Budipadaga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.07755" municipality="Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000746 to 1000749" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289D49FBA4FD71FBBA" box="[584,648,1045,1072]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289D93FBA4FD28FBBA" box="[658,721,1045,1072]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -357,13 +349,10 @@ scrub;
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289FF7FBEAFEC6FBFF" box="[246,319,1115,1141]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289E49FBEAFE91FBFF" box="[328,360,1115,1141]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289E70FBEAFE75FBFF" box="[369,396,1115,1141]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sc</collectorName>
1000746 to 1000749
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289E49FBEAFD83FBFC" box="[328,634,1115,1142]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/Sc1000746 to 1000749</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289D9BFBEDFE3CFB36" collectingDate="1999-12-22" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="11.89545" location="Kanneri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.13596" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="8">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289D9BFBEDFE3CFB36" collectingDate="1999-12-22" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="11.89545" location="Kanneri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.13596" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/ Sc1000750 to 1000762" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="8">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289D9BFBEDFD19FBFC" box="[666,736,1116,1142]" count="8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">8 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289DEEFBEAFCCDFBFC" box="[751,820,1115,1142]" count="5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -384,13 +373,10 @@ moist deciduous forest;
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289BFCFBCEFABFFB13" box="[1277,1350,1151,1177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289A4FFBCEFA97FB13" box="[1358,1390,1151,1177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289FBCFB13FF21FB37" box="[189,216,1186,1213]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sc</collectorName>
1000750 to 1000762
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289A4FFBCEFE3CFB36" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/ Sc1000750 to 1000762</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289EE3FB13FB11FB55" collectingDate="1999-05-11" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="12.032" location="Purani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.1313" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289EE3FB13FB11FB55" collectingDate="1999-05-11" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="12.032" location="Purani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.1313" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000763 to 1000764" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289EE3FB13FDDEFB36" box="[482,551,1186,1212]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="D807601FFFD889289D35FB13FD84FB36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDB89359D69F987FE3FFD64:D807601FFFD889289D35FB13FD84FB36" box="[564,637,1186,1212]" country="India" latitude="12.032" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.1313" name="Purani" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Purani</location>
@ -409,13 +395,10 @@ dry deciduous forest;
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289C6AFB74FC4DFB55" box="[875,948,1221,1247]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289CBCFB74FC24FB55" box="[957,989,1221,1247]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289CE7FB74FBF8FB55" box="[998,1025,1221,1247]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sc</collectorName>
1000763 to 1000764
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289CBCFB74FB11FB55" box="[957,1256,1221,1248]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/Sc1000763 to 1000764</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289A00FB77FAE3FAAC" collectingDate="2009-12-03" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="207" latitude="8.918222" location="Kattilapara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09575" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289A00FB77FAE3FAAC" collectingDate="2009-12-03" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait traps" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" elevation="207" latitude="8.918222" location="Kattilapara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09575" municipality="Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000765" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289A00FB77FAE0FB6A" box="[1281,1305,1222,1248]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFD889289A24FB74FA8AFB55" box="[1317,1395,1221,1247]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Kerala</collectingRegion>
@ -443,13 +426,10 @@ a.s.l.
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFD889289B22FABAFB95FAAC" box="[1059,1132,1291,1318]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289B74FABAFB6CFAAC" box="[1141,1173,1291,1318]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co</collectorName>
/
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1000765
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<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289A31FABDFE38FA05" collectingDate="2018-09-30" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Harsha Malhotra &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" elevation="127" latitude="27.96913" location="Rani Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.32144" municipality="Pasighat" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289A31FABDFE38FA05" collectingDate="2018-09-30" collectingMethod="cow dung baited pitfall trap" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Harsha Malhotra" country="India" elevation="127" latitude="27.96913" location="Rani Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.32144" municipality="Pasighat" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/ Sc1000766 to 1000769" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289A31FABDFA8BFAAC" box="[1328,1394,1292,1318]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
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@ -479,13 +459,10 @@ a.s.l.
and team leg.;
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1000766 to 1000769
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289A4FFAE3FE38FA05" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/ Sc1000766 to 1000769</specimenCode>
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<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289ED9FAC4FE47FA5C" collectingDate="2018-09-30" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Harsha Malhotra" country="India" elevation="131" latitude="27.969614" location="Rani Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.32392" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/ Sc1000770 to 1000784" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="6">
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@ -509,13 +486,10 @@ a.s.l.
and team leg.;
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1000770 to 1000784
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289A4FFA29FE47FA5C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/ Sc1000770 to 1000784</specimenCode>
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,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289EF7FA0DFDCFFA5C" box="[502,566,1468,1494]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -541,13 +515,10 @@ a.s.l.
and team leg.;
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<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289BFAFA6FFAEFFA73" box="[1275,1302,1502,1529]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sc</collectorName>
1000785 to 1000787
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289BD3FA6FFEC2F996" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/Sc1000785 to 1000787</specimenCode>
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<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFD889289E51F9B3FB94F9B5" collectingDate="2021-04-15" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara" country="India" location="Intanki National Park" municipality="Bongkolong village" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000788" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nagaland">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFD889289E51F9B3FE9FF996" box="[336,358,1538,1564]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFD889289E72F9B3FE18F996" box="[371,481,1538,1564]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
@ -564,10 +535,7 @@ and team leg.;
leg.;
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<collectorName id="702D5312FFD889289CEEF994FBF3F9B5" box="[1007,1034,1573,1599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sc</collectorName>
1000788
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFD889289CC7F994FB94F9B5" box="[966,1133,1573,1599]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Co/Sc1000788</specimenCode>
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.
</paragraph>

View file

@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
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(
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFDD892D9DA7FE9DFCD5FECC" box="[678,812,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[300,1241,290,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-75@13.[189,1398,262,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. AD. Onitis assamensis Biswas, 1980, Aedeagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/ Co/Sc1000001 (images: AIMB). EF. O. naviauxi Cambefort, 1988, lateral and dorsal views, MNHN EC4807, (images: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). GJ. O. bordati Cambefort, 1988, aedeagus; lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/Co/Sc1000016, (images AIMB). KN. O. siva Gillet, 1911, aedagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views, AIMB/Co/Sc1000704, (images: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742861/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 4KN</figureCitation>
@ -69,13 +69,13 @@
,
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFDD892D9C79FE9DFC6CFECC" box="[888,917,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,265,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-1@50.[214,1374,251,1892]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 20. Map showing the distribution of Onitissiva Gillet, 1911; O. subopacus Arrow, 1931; O. virens Lansberge, 1875 and O. visthara sp. nov. in the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742911/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFDD892D9FBCFEDFFC85FDDF" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FBCFEDFFCE8FE0D" blockId="43.[189,785,365,392]" box="[189,785,365,392]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9FBCFEDFFEC2FE02" box="[189,315,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Onitissiva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFDD892D9E42FEDCFDF0FE0D" author="Gillet J. J. E." box="[323,521,365,391]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="313 - 314" refId="ref29108" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911. Coprides nouveaux de la region orientale (etc.). Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique LV: 313 - 314." type="book chapter" year="1911">Gillet, 1911: 313</bibRefCitation>
(original description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFDD892D9FBCFE1EFC85FDDF" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FBCFE1EFC85FDDF" blockId="43.[189,1399,430,598]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDC811EAFFDD892D9FBCFE1EFC85FDDF" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFDD892D9FBCFE1EFEC1FE42" ID-CoL="49KL8" authorityName="Gillet" authorityYear="1911" box="[189,312,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siva">
@ -156,35 +156,35 @@ is easily distinguishable by the strongly punctured pronotum whereas in the latt
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9FBCFC82FE15FCC7" bold="true" box="[189,492,819,845]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FEBFCD3FE67FC6F" collectingDate="1903-09-05" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="R. D. Favre" country="India" determinerName="J. J. Gillet" location="Travancore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FEBFCD3FEA5FCF6" blockId="43.[189,1399,866,998]" box="[234,348,866,892]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9FEBFCD3FEA5FCF6" bold="true" box="[234,348,866,892]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<typeStatus id="02638866FFDD892D9FEBFCD3FEA5FCF6" box="[234,348,866,892]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FBCFC34FE67FC6F" blockId="43.[189,1399,866,998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FBCFC34FE67FC6F" collectingDate="1903-09-05" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="J. J. Gillet &amp; R. D. Favre" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFDD892D9FBCFC34FEF7FC15" box="[189,270,901,927]" name="India" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9E25FC34FEC2FC15" box="[292,315,901,927]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female"></specimenCount>
; “Travancore; A Janssens vid., 1936:
; “
<location id="D807601FFFDD892D9E53FC34FE24FC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDD892A9D90FEB9FDACFD95:D807601FFFDD892D9E53FC34FE24FC15" box="[338,477,901,927]" country="India" name="Travancore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Travancore</location>
; A Janssens vid., 1936:
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9DEAFC34FC9EFC15" box="[747,871,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Onitissiva</emphasis>
Gillet,
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9CBDFC34FBD3FC15" box="[956,1066,901,927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">J.J. Gillet</collectorName>
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFDD892D9CBDFC34FBD3FC15" box="[956,1066,901,927]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">J.J. Gillet</determinerName>
set., vend.
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9BABFC34FACDFC15" box="[1194,1332,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Onitissiva,</emphasis>
Gillet RMHN. Belg. 10.640, cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. LV. 1911, 313;
<typeStatus id="02638866FFDD892D9C9BFC18FC2EFC49" box="[922,983,937,963]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
, Wallardi (Travancore)
Gillet RMHN. Belg. 10.640, cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. LV. 1911, 313; Type, Wallardi (Travancore)
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9BECFC18FA8BFC49" box="[1261,1394,937,963]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">R.D. Favre</collectorName>
,
<date id="A9661004FFDD892D9FBCFC7AFED3FC6C" box="[189,298,971,998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1903-09-05">
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFDD892D9FBCFC7AFED3FC6C" box="[189,298,971,998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1903-09-05">5.9.1903</collectingDate>
</date>
”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9E41FC7AFE63FC6F" box="[320,410,971,997]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9E41FC7AFE63FC6F" box="[320,410,971,997]" collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">IRSNB</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FEBFBBCFCE2FBAD" blockId="43.[189,1398,1037,1345]" box="[234,795,1037,1063]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9FEBFBBCFD98FBAD" bold="true" box="[234,609,1037,1063]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Additional material examined</emphasis>
(
@ -192,11 +192,13 @@ Gillet RMHN. Belg. 10.640, cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. LV. 1911, 313;
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FBCFB81FEB5FACB" blockId="43.[189,1398,1037,1345]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FBCFB81FAB8FBC1" box="[189,1345,1072,1099]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" elevation="914" location="INDIA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FBCFB81FAB8FBC1" box="[189,1345,1072,1099]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" elevation="914" location="Nilgiri Hills" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="(E) 1237159" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFDD892D9FBCFB81FEE9FBC0" box="[189,272,1072,1098]" name="India" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9E27FB80FEC6FBC1" box="[294,319,1073,1099]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male"></specimenCount>
; “Nilgiri Hills, H.L. Andrewes.,
; “
<location id="D807601FFFDD892D9E54FB81FE13FBC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDD892A9D90FEB9FDACFD95:D807601FFFDD892D9E54FB81FE13FBC0" box="[341,490,1072,1098]" country="India" name="Nilgiri Hills" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Nilgiri Hills</location>
, H.L. Andrewes.,
<quantity id="1A209B21FFDD892D9DBFFB81FCE5FBC0" box="[702,796,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<elevation id="56F5D1F7FFDD892D9DBFFB81FCE5FBC0" box="[702,796,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
@ -205,19 +207,21 @@ Gillet RMHN. Belg. 10.640, cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. LV. 1911, 313;
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFDD892D9C26FB81FC5FFBC0" box="[807,934,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Onitis siva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, Gillet”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9B55FB81FB48FBC0" box="[1108,1201,1072,1098]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1237159
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9B55FB81FB48FBC0" box="[1108,1201,1072,1098]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDD892D9BB0FB81FAB8FBC1" box="[1201,1345,1072,1099]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">(E) 1237159</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9A59FB80FA8FFB1B" collectingDate="1999-05-14" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" location="Budipadaga" longitude="77.07755" municipality="Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9A59FB80FA8FFB1B" collectingDate="1999-05-14" collectingMethod="open cattle dung baited trap" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="11.837999" location="Budipadaga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.07755" municipality="Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000703" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9A59FB80FA88FBC1" box="[1368,1393,1073,1099]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFDD892D9FBCFBE2FEC2FBE7" box="[189,315,1107,1133]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="3D03ACBEFFDD892D9E47FBE2FD0FFBE4" box="[326,758,1107,1134]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="D807601FFFDD892D9C00FBE2FC69FBE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDD892A9D90FEB9FDACFD95:D807601FFFDD892D9C00FBE2FC69FBE7" box="[769,912,1107,1133]" country="India" longitude="77.07755" municipality="Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve" name="Budipadaga" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Karnataka">Budipadaga</location>
scrub; N 11°50ʹ16.8″,
<location id="D807601FFFDD892D9C00FBE2FC69FBE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDD892A9D90FEB9FDACFD95:D807601FFFDD892D9C00FBE2FC69FBE7" box="[769,912,1107,1133]" country="India" latitude="11.837999" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.07755" municipality="Biligiri Rangaswamy Tiger Reserve" name="Budipadaga" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Karnataka">Budipadaga</location>
scrub;
<geoCoordinate id="B8EC5003FFDD892D9CE9FBE5FB6CFBE4" box="[1000,1173,1106,1134]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="1" seconds="16.8" value="11.837999">N 11°50ʹ16.8″</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B8EC5003FFDD892D9BA0FBE3FAB5FBE4" box="[1185,1356,1106,1134]" degrees="77" direction="east" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="1" seconds="39.18" value="77.07755">77°4ʹ39.18″ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="A9661004FFDD892D9A58FBE2FEC7FB1B" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1999-05-14">
@ -230,13 +234,10 @@ scrub; N 11°50ʹ16.8″,
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9B6EFBC6FB44FB1B" box="[1135,1213,1143,1169]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9BC7FBC6FB11FB1B" box="[1222,1256,1143,1169]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9BF3FBC6FAF7FB1B" box="[1266,1294,1143,1169]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sc</collectorName>
1000703
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDD892D9BC7FBC6FA8FFB1B" box="[1222,1398,1143,1169]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co/Sc1000703</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FCEFB2BFE3CFB5D" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="12.0205" location="Nagarhole National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.104095" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FCEFB2BFE3CFB5D" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="12.0205" location="Nagarhole National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.104095" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000704" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9FCEFB2BFF11FB3E" box="[207,232,1178,1204]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFDD892D9FF7FB2BFE8DFB3E" box="[246,372,1178,1204]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
@ -249,13 +250,10 @@ leg.;
;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9FBCFB0CFEF2FB5D" box="[189,267,1213,1239]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9E15FB0CFECFFB5D" box="[276,310,1213,1239]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9E41FB0CFEA5FB5D" box="[320,348,1213,1239]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sc</collectorName>
1000704
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDD892D9E15FB0CFE3CFB5D" box="[276,453,1213,1239]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co/Sc1000704</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9EDFFB0CFDA4FB70" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="12.1563" location="Hebbala" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.114395" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9EDFFB0CFDA4FB70" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="12.1563" location="Hebbala" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.114395" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000705 to 1000708" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9EDFFB0CFDDAFB5D" box="[478,547,1213,1239]" count="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9D2EFB0CFD8AFB5D" box="[559,627,1213,1239]" count="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
@ -268,13 +266,10 @@ moist deciduous forest;
;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9FBCFB51FEF2FB71" box="[189,267,1248,1275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9E15FB51FECFFB71" box="[276,310,1248,1275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9E41FB51FEA4FB71" box="[320,349,1248,1275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sc</collectorName>
1000705 to 1000708
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDD892D9E15FB51FDA4FB70" box="[276,605,1248,1275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co/Sc1000705 to 1000708</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9D83FB50FEB1FACB" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan &amp; Co &amp; Sc" country="India" latitude="11.974199" location="Sungathakatte Dry Deciduous forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.1856" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9D83FB50FEB1FACB" collectingMethod="open cattle dung baited trap" collectionCode="AIMB" collectorName="Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan" country="India" latitude="11.974199" location="Sungathakatte Dry Deciduous forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.1856" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000709 to 1000710" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9D83FB50FD63FB71" box="[642,666,1249,1275]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9DADFB50FD3AFB71" box="[684,707,1249,1275]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female"></specimenCount>
@ -291,25 +286,22 @@ moist deciduous forest;
leg.;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9B6EFAB2FB44FA97" box="[1135,1213,1283,1309]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AIMB</collectionCode>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9BC7FAB2FB11FA97" box="[1222,1256,1283,1309]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9BF0FAB2FAF4FA97" box="[1265,1293,1283,1309]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sc</collectorName>
1000709 to 1000710
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFDD892D9BC7FAB2FEB1FACB" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Co/Sc1000709 to 1000710</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFDD892D9FBCFAD9FDCAFA2F" blockId="43.[189,1399,1384,1445]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FBCFAD9FDD6FA2F" collectingDate="1983-10-24" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="K. K. Gurung" country="Nepal" elevation="150" location="Chitwan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="151" specimenCount-female="1">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFDD892D9FBCFAD9FDD6FA2F" collectingDate="1983-10-24" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="K. K. Gurung" country="Nepal" elevation="150" location="Chitwan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="(E) 1237160" specimenCount="151" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFDD892D9FBCFAD9FEE1FA08" box="[189,280,1384,1410]" name="Nepal" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9E35FAD9FEB2FA08" box="[308,331,1384,1410]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female"></specimenCount>
; “
<location id="D807601FFFDD892D9E67FAD9FE36FA08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDD892A9D90FEB9FDACFD95:D807601FFFDD892D9E67FAD9FE36FA08" box="[358,463,1384,1410]" country="Nepal" name="Chitwan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Chitwan</location>
, Tiger Tops.
,
<location id="D807601FFFDD892D9EDDFAD9FDA6FA08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFDD892A9D90FEB9FDACFD95:D807601FFFDD892D9EDDFAD9FDA6FA08" box="[476,607,1384,1410]" country="Nepal" name="Tiger Tops" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tiger Tops</location>
.
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFDD892D9D6DFAD9FD43FA09" box="[620,698,1384,1411]" count="150" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">
<quantity id="1A209B21FFDD892D9D6DFAD9FD4CFA09" box="[620,693,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation id="56F5D1F7FFDD892D9D6DFAD9FD4CFA09" box="[620,693,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="150.0">150m</elevation>
</quantity>
<quantity id="1A209B21FFDD892D9D6DFAD9FD4CFA09" box="[620,693,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="150.0">150m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
;
@ -319,8 +311,8 @@ leg.;
;
<collectorName id="702D5312FFDD892D9C74FAD9FBEDFA08" box="[885,1044,1384,1410]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K.K. Gurung</collectorName>
; Rhinoceros dung; Brit. Mus. 1984. 19”;
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9E41FA3AFE62FA2F" box="[320,411,1419,1445]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 1237160
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFDD892D9E41FA3AFE62FA2F" box="[320,411,1419,1445]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
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