200 lines
21 KiB
XML
200 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="CF3EC6349A51172562AA557415361EF7" ID-DOI="10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3" ID-ISSN="2513-9894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13755707" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1718071637822" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Héctor Gómez de, Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G., Cruz-Nieto, Javier & Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel" docDate="2020" docId="0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" docLanguage="en" docName="BullBritOrnitholClub.140.1.7-37.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 140 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223.2:BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223" docStyleName="BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cardinalis cardinalis subsp. mariae Nelson 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB8DB30FFDACB21365AAD593D0DFFC5" masterDocTitle="Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1726182511137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DCB2136C3226650C61EB971C4E48932E">
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<mods:title id="85A95B585AA7C231965132C54477D135">Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99B8AD503B2A7516A0D1068F560F4D9C">Silva, Héctor Gómez de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3017450D4B1179C649EDAAAE5428B184">Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="700428B6B31CD4146448881B4C08C50F">Cruz-Nieto, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DC3BE5AAD7577E9750BC8D630792520">Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0E3CDD02DDBBCFFFF92B2654FC59C507">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="660CD77C6B6D68D88472520C19A88297">Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="24728568E37FE5B4AEB90BD6CC84644F">
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<mods:date id="40021F8C9DC77EE687010BDD0DBB3B2C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A83499A0444AEC09F651B421E090686">2020-03-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DC881A23558F1F0448ED68757070CD8E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C6DA78408AFEB5414BE12AB8686A3133">140</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BFCA9540B6D04550C2ADA71AA6728A4B" type="DOI">10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="59B9AE6F4D68771BAB11399FC71CC400" type="ISSN">2513-9894</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13755892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0DFA532FFC1CB3A36CAADD83E97FF5C" box="[144,922,129,153]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
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<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FE5FF5C" box="[144,744,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A36CAADD83FE5FF5C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" box="[144,744,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAADD83CB3FF5C" bold="true" box="[144,446,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">NORTHERN CARDINAL</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC1CB3A379CADD83FE5FF5C" ID-CoL="5G7QK" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1898" box="[454,744,129,153]" class="Aves" family="Cardinalidae" genus="Cardinalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cardinalis" subSpecies="mariae">
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A379CADD83FE5FF5C" box="[454,744,129,153]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Cardinalis cardinalis mariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFC1CB3A34B5ADD83FCDFC3C" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A34B5ADD83E97FF5C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" box="[751,922,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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(vs.
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3544ADD83E9CFF5C" box="[798,913,129,153]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">C. c. affinis</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A36CAADF83F80FEBC" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAADF83DF1FF7C" box="[144,252,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Coloration</emphasis>
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||
.—Based on
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<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A37DDADF83CD0FF7C" box="[391,477,161,185]" count="44" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="male">44 male</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A3449ADF83F70FF7C" box="[531,637,161,185]" count="35" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">35 female</specimenCount>
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34DEADFB3FC4FF7C" box="[644,713,162,185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
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vs. ten male and
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<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A35D0ADF83EF7FF7C" box="[906,1018,161,185]" count="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">six female</specimenCount>
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A325AADF83933FF7C" box="[1024,1086,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3211ADF83DD2FF1C" author="Grant, P. R." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
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reported that 92% of males had a purple tinge to the plumage vs. 100% without any purple tinge (score 1), 100% of
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A346DADBB3F71FF3C" box="[567,636,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
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females had cream-white abdomens vs. pale buff in 83% (score 1); and the grey chin and throat of females covered a larger area vs. more restricted white or rarely grey chin (score 2, grey is caused by ‘the black basal half of the feather showing through the overlying white feather-tips, and in island specimens the extent of white in the feather tip is reduced’).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A369AACD83967FE7C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A369AACD83C50FE5C" box="[192,349,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Morphometrics</emphasis>
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.—Longer wing, tarsus and bill (especially bill length in males) (score 2) but shorter tail (score 2). Bill more bulging (consistent with
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3575ACF83EC3FE7C" author="Ridgway, R." box="[815,974,417,441]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 715" refId="ref16683" refString="Ridgway, R. 1901. The birds of North and Middle America, Bull US Natl. Mus. 50 (1): 1 - 715." type="journal article" year="1901">Ridgway 1901</bibRefCitation>
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[not scored]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A369AAC983E86FDFD" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A369AAC983CBDFE1C" box="[192,432,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Additional information</emphasis>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A378AAC983FACFE1C" author="Smith, B. T. & Escalante, P. & Hernandez-Banos, B. E. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. & Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J." box="[464,673,449,473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16965" refString="Smith, B. T., Escalante, P., Hernandez-Banos, B. E., Navarro-Siguenza, A. G., Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J. 2011. The role of historical and contemporary processes on phylogeographic structure and genetic diversity in the Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis. BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 136." type="journal volume" year="2011">
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Smith
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3446AC9B3F47FE1C" box="[540,586,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
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. (2011)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A34F4AC983EA1FE1C" author="Smith B. T. & Klicka J." box="[686,940,449,473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16926" refString="Smith B. T. & Klicka J. 2013. Examining the role of effective population size on mitochondrial and multilocus divergence time discordance in a songbird. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 55161." type="journal volume" year="2013">Smith & Klicka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A35B1AC983C03FE3C" author="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F. & Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. & Castellanos-Morales, G. & Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="716 - 732" refId="ref16237" refString="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Castellanos-Morales, G., Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. 2018. Concerted Pleistocene dispersal and genetic differentiation in passerine birds from the Tres Marias archipelago, Mexico. Auk 135: 716 - 732." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Ortiz-Ramírez
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAACBB3DB1FE3C" box="[144,188,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
found reciprocal monophyly and deep genetic divergence between
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A324EACBB3954FE3C" box="[1044,1113,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
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and mainland specimens.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A37D2AF583F89FDDC" author="Smith B. T. & Klicka J." box="[392,644,513,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16926" refString="Smith B. T. & Klicka J. 2013. Examining the role of effective population size on mitochondrial and multilocus divergence time discordance in a songbird. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 55161." type="journal volume" year="2013">Smith & Klicka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3498AF583EE0FDDC" author="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F. & Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. & Castellanos-Morales, G. & Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." box="[706,1005,513,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="716 - 732" refId="ref16237" refString="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Castellanos-Morales, G., Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. 2018. Concerted Pleistocene dispersal and genetic differentiation in passerine birds from the Tres Marias archipelago, Mexico. Auk 135: 716 - 732." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Ortiz-Ramírez
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3536AF5B3E94FDDC" box="[876,921,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
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. (2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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reported that small population size has accelerated molecular evolution in
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A351AAF7B3E88FDFC" box="[832,901,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A369AAF1B3FCDFC3C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A369AAF1B3CBDFD9C" box="[192,432,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Reasons for uncertainty</emphasis>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A378BAF183F7AFD9C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[465,631,577,601]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant’s (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
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sample of
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<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34B7AF183E26FD9C" box="[749,811,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
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||
was inadequate (morphometric characters were evaluated in 4–
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<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A345BAF383F55FDBC" box="[513,600,609,633]" count="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A34C2AF383E17FDBC" box="[664,794,609,633]" count="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
|
||
, and plumage characters in ten males and
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A375DAFD83C88FD5C" box="[263,389,641,665]" count="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
|
||
), which is especially problematic because female plumage apparently fades considerably in specimens and males display extensive individual variation (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3205AFF83C29FD1C" author="Van Rossem, A. J." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="119 - 150" refId="ref17250" refString="Van Rossem, A. J. 1932. The avifauna of Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of four new races. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 119 - 150." type="journal article" year="1932">Van Rossem 1932</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Furthermore,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49ECDCBCFFC1CB3A378BAF983F7BFD1C" box="[465,630,705,729]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC1CB3A3427AF983FF8FD1C" box="[637,757,705,729]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="igneus">
|
||
race
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34EBAF9B3FF8FD1C" box="[689,757,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is as likely to be the sister species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAAFBB3DD8FD3C" box="[144,213,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36A6AFB83C37FD3C" box="[252,314,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
, and it was not explicitly compared by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A355AAFB83E94FD3C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[768,921,737,761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
who stated only that ‘
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A36CEAE583C33FCDC" box="[148,318,769,793]" count="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A373CAE5B3CA7FCDC" box="[358,426,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||
were available too, and it was noted that [
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A35C7AE5B3EEFFCDC" box="[925,994,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||
] differed from both subspecies (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3709AE7B3C9AFCFC" box="[339,407,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3788AE783F1DFCFC" box="[466,528,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
) mainly in the same way.’
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3512AE783EEEFCFC" author="Nelson, E. W." box="[840,995,801,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="5 - 11" refId="ref16130" refString="Nelson, E. W. 1898. Descriptions of new birds from the Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 72: 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="1898">Nelson (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the original description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A376CAE183C76FC9D" box="[310,379,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||
described it as being closest to
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34B1AE183E22FC9D" box="[747,815,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||
, and at least in bill shape it is intermediate between
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A37D3AE383CC3FCBD" box="[393,462,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A345CAE383F49FCBC" box="[518,580,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3408AE383E56FCBC" author="Ridgway, R." box="[594,859,865,889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 715" refId="ref16683" refString="Ridgway, R. 1901. The birds of North and Middle America, Bull US Natl. Mus. 50 (1): 1 - 715." type="journal article" year="1901">Ridgway 1901: 648–649</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3536AE383DB3FC5C" author="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F. & Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. & Castellanos-Morales, G. & Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="716 - 732" refId="ref16237" refString="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Castellanos-Morales, G., Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. 2018. Concerted Pleistocene dispersal and genetic differentiation in passerine birds from the Tres Marias archipelago, Mexico. Auk 135: 716 - 732." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ortiz-Ramírez
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3249AE3B3933FCBC" box="[1043,1086,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018: 726)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that when analysing the haplotype network,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3569AED83E75FC5D" box="[819,888,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||
was closer to
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A324BAED83958FC5D" box="[1041,1109,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||
than
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAAEF83DC3FC7C" box="[144,206,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
, although this apparently contradicts both their own highest-probability scenario of colonisation (in their
|
||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFC1CB3A37D8AE983CCFFC1C" box="[386,450,961,985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[144,176,1620,1639]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,1092,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-127@10.[144,1164,1092,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Typical undertail-coverts colour of male Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris magicus (two specimens at left) and C. l. lawrencei (two specimens at right), from specimens in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13755713/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the phylogenies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3487AE983EA8FC1C" author="Smith, B. T. & Escalante, P. & Hernandez-Banos, B. E. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. & Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J." box="[733,933,961,985]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16965" refString="Smith, B. T., Escalante, P., Hernandez-Banos, B. E., Navarro-Siguenza, A. G., Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J. 2011. The role of historical and contemporary processes on phylogeographic structure and genetic diversity in the Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis. BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 136." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A357DAE9B3E5EFC1C" box="[807,851,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A35BAAE983DDBFC3C" author="Smith B. T. & Klicka J." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16926" refString="Smith B. T. & Klicka J. 2013. Examining the role of effective population size on mitochondrial and multilocus divergence time discordance in a songbird. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 55161." type="journal volume" year="2013">Smith & Klicka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Therefore, this case requires further study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |