treatments-xml/data/D3/77/1D/D3771D4B5303FF8D2281500BFAB29D6E.xml
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<mods:title id="BA91CD7E3D6FB0C97069A5DA6B1EDE1D">Descriptions of final instar larvae of six species of the genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="5B61AC5D5303FF8C2281500BFB7C9807" blockId="0.[151,1263,1877,1904]" box="[151,1263,1877,1904]" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="9CDED7DE5303FF8C22F85008FE489807" ID-CoL="4ZVF" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[238,475,1877,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Hydroptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69AA704F5303FF8C22F85008FEE39807" bold="true" box="[238,368,1877,1904]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Hydroptila</emphasis>
Dalman
</taxonomicName>
(Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="3F4FD1AC5303FF8C20BD500BFCF19807" author="Marshall, J. E." box="[683,866,1878,1904]" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" pagination="135 - 239" refId="ref4881" refString="Marshall, J. E. (1979) A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 39, 135 - 239." type="journal article" year="1979">Marshall 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3F4FD1AC5303FF8C2179500BFC6A9807" author="Wells, A." box="[879,1017,1878,1904]" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref5273" refString="Wells, A. (1985) Larvae and pupae of Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), with observations on general biology and relationships. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 113, 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 113" type="journal article" year="1985">Wells 1985</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="3F4FD1AC5303FF8C262B500BFB749807" author="Wiggins, G. B." box="[1085,1255,1878,1904]" pageId="0" pageNumber="339" refId="ref5363" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of North American caddisfly genera. Second edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3138 / 9781442623606" type="book" year="1996">Wiggins 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B61AC5D5303FF8D228150C4FEE29E12" blockId="0.[151,1436,1945,2043]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="0" pageNumber="339">Final instar larva. Head elongate, sides subparallel; ecdysial sutures indistinct; dorsal surface densely covered with minute spinules; mandibles asymmetrical. Thoracic dorsa each completely or incompletely covered with pairs of rectangular sclerotized nota, all densely covered with minute spinules; three ventral sclerites present on prothorax in some species; legs short and subequal; foretibiae each with distal ventral process well developed and bearing specialized setae. Abdomen slightly compressed laterally, distended, segments gradually enlarging from I to IV (or V), then decreasing, curvature of abdomen slight; dorsal chloride epithelia on some of segments IVIII; large dorsal sclerite on segment IX; square dorsolateral sclerites on segment X; anal claws each with two or three accessary hooks; three filamentous gills on segments IXX, one posterodorsal gill on segment IX and a pair of posterolateral gills on segment X.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13C4FFD65302FF8D22D15632FAB29D6E" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B61AC5D5302FF8D22D15632FD429EA6" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Cases compressed laterally, composed of two ellipsoidal valves, with slit openings at anterior and posterior edges, made of fine sand grains, filamentous algae, or diatoms. Many species found in running waters, but some in standing waters such as ponds, lakes, and marshes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B61AC5D5302FF8D22D15686FAB29D6E" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
Thirteen species-groups have been recognized in the genus but species groups are unknown for many species, and even
<bibRefCitation id="3F4FD1AC5302FF8D231456A2FE2B9D6E" author="Marshall, J. E." box="[258,440,511,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" pagination="135 - 239" refId="ref4881" refString="Marshall, J. E. (1979) A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 39, 135 - 239." type="journal article" year="1979">Marshall (1979)</bibRefCitation>
considered her species groups far from satisfactory (
<bibRefCitation id="3F4FD1AC5302FF8D261E56A2FA869D6E" author="Wells, A. &amp; Huisman, J." box="[1032,1301,511,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" pagination="91 - 126" refId="ref5323" refString="Wells, A. &amp; Huisman, J. (1992) Micro-caddisflies in the tribe Hydroptilini (Trichoptera: Hydroptillidae: Hydroptilinae) from Malaysia and Brunei. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 66, 91 - 126." type="journal article" year="1992">Wells &amp; Huisman 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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