253 lines
28 KiB
XML
253 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1106-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" ID-ZooBank="EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1106-165" checkinTime="1655840326526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Choo, Seohwi, Jeong, Man-Ki & Soh, Ho Young" docDate="2022" docId="BE8140D15EDD51BAAD654C0A9365252E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1106: 165-211" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1106" docPubDate="2022-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" docTitle="Flaccisagitta hexaptera" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1655840326526" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Choo, Seohwi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-3797</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmgdeux@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea & Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hysoh@chonnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1106</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>165</mods:start>
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<mods:end>211</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1106-165</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE8140D15EDD51BAAD654C0A9365252E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE8140D15EDD51BAAD654C0A9365252E" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName LSID="BE8140D1-5EDD-51BA-AD65-4C0A9365252E" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Flaccisagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flaccisagitta hexaptera" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
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Flaccisagitta hexaptera (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orbigny">d'Orbigny</normalizedToken>
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, 1836)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Fig. 15A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Sagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagitta hexaptera" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="hexaptera">Sagitta hexaptera</taxonomicName>
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: Conant, 1896: 213 p.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Aida, T" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="13 - 21" refId="B1" refString="Aida, T, 1897. Chaetognaths of Misaki Harbor. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 1: 13 - 21" title="Chaetognaths of Misaki Harbor." volume="1" year="1897">Aida 1897</bibRefCitation>
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: 14 p., fig. 3;
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<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, GH" journalOrPublisher="National Antarctic Expedition Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="991 - 996" refId="B25" refString="Fowler, GH, 1906. The Chaetognatha of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Esped., Mon. xxi. 1907. Chaetognatha. National Antarctic Expedition Natural History 3: 991 - 996" title="The Chaetognatha of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Esped., Mon. xxi. 1907. Chaetognatha." volume="3" year="1906">Fowler 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 70 p., figs 30-33;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ritter-Zahony, R" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B74" refString="Ritter-Zahony, R, 1908. Chaetognathen (Vol. 14). Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 84: 1 - 18" title="Chaetognathen (Vol. 14)." volume="84" year="1908">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ritter-Záhony">Ritter-Zahony</normalizedToken>
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1908
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 9-10 p., figs 3, 3A, 3B;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ritter-Zahony, R" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B75" refString="Ritter-Zahony, R, 1909. Die Chaetognathen der Gazelle-Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger 34(26): e5." title="Die Chaetognathen der Gazelle-Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger 34 (26): e 5." year="1909">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ritter-Záhony">Ritter-Zahony</normalizedToken>
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1909
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 789-790 p.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ritter-Zahony, R" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B77" refString="Ritter-Zahony, R, 1911. Revision der Chaetognathan. Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition 1901-1903. Band 13, Zoologie 5. Hft.1: 1-72." title="Revision der Chaetognathan. Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition 1901 - 1903. Band 13, Zoologie 5. Hft. 1: 1 - 72." year="1911">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ritter-Záhony">Ritter-Zahony</normalizedToken>
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1911
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 2-3 p.;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00543.x" author="Burfield, ST" journalOrPublisher="Zoology (Jena, Germany)" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="93 - 119" refId="B13" refString="Burfield, ST, Harvey, EJW, 1926. No. V.-The Chaetognatha of the "Sealark" Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd Series. Zoology (Jena, Germany) 19 (1): 93 - 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00543.x" title="No. V. - The Chaetognatha of the " Sealark " Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2 nd Series." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00543.x" volume="19" year="1926">Burfield and Harvey 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 95-96 p., figs 6-9;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/174631" author="Tokioka, T" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="349 - 456" refId="B88" refString="Tokioka, T, 1959. Observations on the taxonomy and distribution of chaetognaths of the North Pacific. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 7 (3): 349 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/174631" title="Observations on the taxonomy and distribution of chaetognaths of the North Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/174631" volume="7" year="1959">Tokioka 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 382-383 p., fig. 21;
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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1967
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 27-29 p., fig. 16A-I;
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<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasan, M" journalOrPublisher="Technical Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B80" refString="Srinivasan, M, 1979. Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India. Technical Monograph 3: 1 - 47" title="Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India." volume="3" year="1979">Srinivasan 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 14-16 p., fig. 7A-G;
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<bibRefCitation author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 21p., fig. 25.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Flaccisagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flaccisagitta hexaptera" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="hexaptera">Flaccisagitta hexaptera</taxonomicName>
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: McLelland, 1989: 159-160 p., figs 7B, C and 12A.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11" country="Korea" elevation="25" latitude="33.4084" location="Strait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.91" specimenCount="one">
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<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE8140D15EDD51BAAD654C0A9365252E:C9D29D0EEAA990C4F29CB4B65F597D49" country="Korea" latitude="33.4084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.91" name="Strait">Strait</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="24.504" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.4084">33°24.504'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="54.600" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.91">127°54.600'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">0-50 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, oblique towing with MOCNESS,
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<collectingDate value="2019-11">Nov 2019</collectingDate>
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, NIBRIV0000895298 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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Total body length ranged between 15 and 49 mm. Tail 19-24% of body length. Hooks 4-11. Anterior teeth 2-4 and posterior teeth 2-9, respectively. Large and translucent body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15</figureCitation>
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). Intestinal diverticula absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15B</figureCitation>
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). Collarette absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15A</figureCitation>
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). Eyes
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“D”">"D"</normalizedToken>
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shaped with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“T”">"T"</normalizedToken>
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shaped eye pigments (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15B</figureCitation>
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). Anterior fins short, beginning at middle of body between ventral ganglion and caudal septum, round-shaped and partially rayed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15A, D</figureCitation>
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). Posterior fins well-separated from anterior fins and partially rayed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15A, E</figureCitation>
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). Caudal fin roundish triangular-shaped and completely rayed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15A, C</figureCitation>
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). Seminal vesicles spherical with anterolateral edge opening (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15C</figureCitation>
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). Seminal vesicle touching or close to tail fin and well-separated from lateral fins (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15C</figureCitation>
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). Eggs reaching forward end of anterior fins. Corona ciliata beginning in front of eyes and reaching neck (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A Flaccisagitta hexaptera (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">15B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704199" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Flaccisagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flaccisagitta hexaptera" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Flaccisagitta hexaptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
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head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
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tail
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">D</emphasis>
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anterior fin
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">E</emphasis>
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posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; E = eye; IN = intestine; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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This cosmopolitan species is found in the epipelagic (0-200 m depth) and mesopelagic zones (200-500 m depth) of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="86 - 116" refId="B70" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, Nair, VR, 1991. Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 86 - 116" title="Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Pierrot-Bults and Nair 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in the Indian coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="George, PC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="657 - 689" refId="B28" refString="George, PC, 1952. A systematic account of the chaetognatha of the Indian coastal waters, with observations on their seasonal fluctuations along the Malabar Coast. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India 18 (6): 657 - 689" title="A systematic account of the chaetognatha of the Indian coastal waters, with observations on their seasonal fluctuations along the Malabar Coast." volume="18" year="1952">George 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Tosa Bay in Japan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" author="Ohnishi, T" journalOrPublisher="Plankton & Benthos Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 187" refId="B59" refString="Ohnishi, T, Ueda, H, Kuroda, K, 2014. Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan. Plankton & Benthos Research 9 (3): 176 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" title="Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" volume="9" year="2014">Ohnishi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Korea Strait and south of East Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study, it was found in the epipelagic zone (0-50 m depth) of the Korea Strait (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling stations in Korean waters. Empty circles, sampling stations; filled circles, the stations where the chaetognaths were secured." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704185" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1</figureCitation>
|
||
: station KS07).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
||
This species is considered as an indicator species of the Kuroshio warm current and fully-grown adults inhabit depths of <200 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study, individuals under Stage 3 were mainly found between the Jeju Straits (0-100 m depth). The temperature range in the sampling stations was 16.52-20.57 °C and salinity range was 34.48-34.61 psu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Though mainly immature individuals were reported in previous studies from Korea, in this study, adults longer than 40 mm were collected for the first time. The Korean species was consistent with those found in previous studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1967)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in terms of body size, length and shape of the egg, presence of small and round anterior fins in the middle of the body and the absence of bridge connecting the anterior and posterior fins. As the adult
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Flaccisagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flaccisagitta hexaptera" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Flaccisagitta hexaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is large (> 20 mm), it can be difficult to distinguish the adult
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grassi" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Flaccisagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flaccisagitta enflata" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="enflata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Flaccisagitta enflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the immature
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. hexaptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">F. hexaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it is possible when noting that the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. hexaptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">F. hexaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are long and thin, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. enflata" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="enflata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">F. enflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are large and short. Another feature relevant for the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. hexaptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">F. hexaptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the number of conspicuous anterior teeth which never exceed four, while it is eight in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. enflata" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="enflata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">F. enflata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No specific pattern was observed through CBE staining on the body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |