treatments-xml/data/70/3F/33/703F33071EB3CD009301737FF1B242D4.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26862" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fa6e912b-a5c2-46c0-a72c-4a1ac2e8fda3" ID-PMC="PMC6160850" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-783-17" ID-PubMed="30275724" ID-ZBK="B5F2AF477FA84F2298AFDAB94EB777CB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-783-17" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 783" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Hydromedusae from Queensland, Australia (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata)" checkinTime="1536028065134" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Uribe-Palomino, Julian, Pausina, Sarah &amp; Gershwin, Lisa-ann" docDate="2018" docId="703F33071EB3CD009301737FF1B242D4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 783: 17-36" docOrigin="ZooKeys 783" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26862" docTitle="Melicertissa antrichardsoni Uribe-Palomino &amp; Gershwin, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0DAF2DB1-E865-441B-885E-7A2031F320EA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFF73565301FE154FFB4E9332331FF97" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Hydromedusae from Queensland, Australia (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668166190000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of Hydromedusae from Queensland, Australia (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Uribe-Palomino, Julian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pausina, Sarah</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gershwin, Lisa-ann</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>783</mods:number>
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<mods:start>17</mods:start>
<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26862</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.26862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-783-17</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147507638" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0DAF2DB1-E865-441B-885E-7A2031F320EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/703F33071EB3CD009301737FF1B242D4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0DAF2DB1-E865-441B-885E-7A2031F320EA" authority="Uribe-Palomino &amp; Gershwin" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni Uribe-Palomino &amp; Gershwin</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="17">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 2, 3, 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="synonymy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Synonymy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
?Melicertiasa Haeckel, 1879 [incorrect spelling of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haeckel’s">Haeckel's</normalizedToken>
genus]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Munro, ISR" journalOrPublisher="Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" title="Studies of the Marine Invertebrate Fauna of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Honours thesis." year="1940">Munro 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 74. No figures or tables related to this specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Holotype: QM G335899, Male, BD ca. 2 mm, tentacles six well developed and two rudimentary (Figures 2A, B, C; 4B, C); Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-27.38">27.38°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="153.39">153.39°E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 m, (Study 1), coll. S. Pausina, 15 Feb 2011.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Paratypes: QM G335904, Lot of two specimens, both male, BD ca. 2 mm, SD ca. 1 mm, hemi-gonad: 0.8 mm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3 mm, tentacular bulbs seven, one clearly missing, base ca. 0.6 mm diameter (Figure 3B), Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-27.35">27.35°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="153.17">153.17°E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 m, (Study 1), coll. S. Pausina, 3 Dec 2010.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
QM G335903, very poor condition, BD ca. 2 mm (Not figured), Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-27.38">27.38°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="153.39">153.39°E</geoCoordinate>
, 1 m, (Study 1), coll. S. Pausina, 19 Apr 2011.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
QM G335902, Male, BD ca. 2.4 mm, hemi-gonad: 0.8-0.9 mm x 0.3 mm, tentacle bulbs seven (five well developed, plus two small ones), base ca. 0.6 mm (Figure 4D), Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-27.16">27.16°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="153.22">153.22°E</geoCoordinate>
(Study 2, (CSIRO MB55)), 1-2 m, coll. CSIRO, 27 May 2011.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
QM G335900, Male, flattened specimen, BD ca. 2 mm. (Not figured); Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-27.28">27.28°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="153.08">153.08°E</geoCoordinate>
, (Study 2), (CSIRO MB74), 1-2 m, coll. CSIRO, 19 Dec 2011.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
QM G335901, Female, flattened specimen, eigth tentacles, BD ca. 2 mm (Figure 3A), Rous Channel, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-27.29">27.29°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="153.34">153.34°E</geoCoordinate>
, 1-2 m, (Study 3); coll. CSIRO 8 Apr 2014.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Holotype QM G335899. A Habitus, ventral view B Detail of tentacle and cordylis C Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 200 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Figure 3. 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A Paratype QM G335901, female specimen; note ova on gonads (arrows) B Paratype lot of two, QM G335904. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">QM G335905, QM G335906, microscope slide nematocyst preparations, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 27°S, 153°E, coll. CSIRO, 19/3/2011-20/5/2013 (Figure 4E, F).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Melicertissa</taxonomicName>
with pairs of small oval hemi-gonads near the base of each radial canal; with eight tentacles and approximately two cordyli and one statocyst between successive tentacles; with an extremely small body size at maturity (ca. 2 mm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Umbrella isosceles trapezoid-shaped in lateral view, aborally flattened, with the margin curving inwards at the edges, possibly due to preservation (Figure 2A, C). Velum well developed, encircling the inner side of the umbrellar margin, ca. 1/3 radius (Figure 2A).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Tentacles eight, six fully developed and two incompletely developed; hollow; coiled; more or less evenly located around the bell margin (Figure 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Tentacle bulbs voluminous, heart-shaped, short; approximately 0.3 mm across the base. Two ventral rows of nematocysts run parallel along the length of the tentacles (Figure 2B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Cordyli club-shaped with a swollen end and slender stalk, almost half as long as the tentacle bulbs (Figure 2B), typically two between adjacent tentacles, ca. 200 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long; with a nematocyst cap (Figure 4B, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="18" start="start">Between</pageBreakToken>
adjacent cordyli typically lies another structure different in form, here interpreted as a statocyst. Compared to the tapered stalk of the cordylus, this structure is more evenly columnar or thimble-shaped with straight sides and a rounded distal end (Figure 2A, C). No cirri were observed associated with the tentacles or the umbrella margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Stomach amorphously round-ish, broad, nearly 1/2 BD in width (Figure 2A). Manubrium sculpted into eight vertical ridges, similar in appearance to a Greek column. Mouth shaped into eight smoothly rounded lobes with a simple margin (Figure 2A). In lateral view, the stomach occupies almost half the bell cavity, and the mouth nearly reaches the bell margin (Figure 2C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Radial canals eight, relatively broad, straight-sided throughout length, clearly visible from the stomach to the ring canal (best illustrated in Figure 4D in paratype QM G335902).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Gonads in eight pairs of oval hemi-gonads straddling each radial canal adjacent to the stomach, occupying the proximal third of each radial canal (Figure 2A). Each hemi-gonad is voluminous with a smooth surface, interpreted to be male; approximately 230 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long and half as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Colour not noted in living specimen, but preserved specimen has a transparent bell with brown gonads, tentacle bulbs and stomach.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Figure 4. 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A Non-type specimen lost during study, inverted, note dark pigmenting of tentacle bulbs and ocelli (arrow) B Holotype QM G335899, cordylus, note cap-like position of nematocysts C Holotype QM G335899, cordylus, detail of nematocysts D Paratype QM G335902, note conspicuous radial canals (e.g., arrow) E tentacular nematocysts F nematocyst from whole body squash (QM G335905 and QM G335906 collectively). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(B, C); 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(E, F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Variation from holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">One specimen (QM G335901) has lumpy gonads with obvious ova (Figure 3A), and is interpreted as a mature female. All other paratypes, which are nearly the same size, have smooth gonads and are interpreted as male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Three of the specimens (two in lot QM G335904, and one in QM G335902) are each missing one tentacle bulb; these are not variants in merosity, but rather, they are octamerous with one bulb simply absent (Figure 3B). The holotype also has two tentacles in various stages of development, as one might expect following an injury (Figure 2A).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="colour">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Colour.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Paratypes have a transparent and colourless bell and cordyli, pale yellowish gonads, and darkly pigmented tentacle bulbs. A black ocellus is found at the base of each tentacle and cordylus (Figure 4A).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="nematocysts">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Nematocysts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. has a cnidome of two size classes of oval cnidae on the tentacles (Figure 4E). There is only one size class of oval cnidae on the body (Figure 4F) and cordyli (Figure 4B, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
On the tentacles, the larger size class is nearly 19 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long by 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, and bears a conspicuous barb on the free (= aboral) end of the undischarged shaft; we interpret this type as a stenotele. The smaller size class is approximately half the size of the larger, and bears a conspicuous v-shaped notch on the free (= aboral) end; we interpret this type as a microbasic p-mastigophore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
On the cordyli, nematocysts are scattered throughout the tip in a distal cap. The cordyli nematocysts are similar in shape but smaller in size (8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) than the small size class on the tentacles. However, we were unable to observe internal structures and were unable study them directly (Figure 4B, C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="19" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
The specific epithet, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
, is given to honour Professor Anthony J. Richardson of CSIRO and the University of Queensland. Anthony has encouraged and supported the research of plankton from Moreton Bay and around Australia through the Australian Plankton Survey.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="environmental notes">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Environmental notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
has been found throughout the warmer months of the year from December to May, in salinities from 26-34 PSU and water temperatures from 18.84-26.5°C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="systematic remarks">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Systematic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
is the eighth species in the genus (Table 1). Its gonads make it entirely unique within the genus, as these organs in other species are linear and either tapering, sinuous, or foliaceous, whereas in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
they are small and oval in tight pairs. Another distinguishing feature is that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
is much smaller than its congeners, being less than 30% the size of the other smaller species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. mayeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="mayeri">M. mayeri</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp, PL" journalOrPublisher="Carlsberg Foundation, Copenhagen" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" title="The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Reports 46." year="1959">Kramp (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. platygastra" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="platygastra">M. platygastra</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Nair, KK" journalOrPublisher="Series C, Natural Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="47 - 75" title="Medusae of the Trivandrum coast. Part 1 systematics. Bulletin of Central Research Institute, University of Travancore." volume="2" year="1951">Nair (1951)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Table 1. Summary of main features from each one of the known species of 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Melicertissa</taxonomicName>
. Data from original species descriptions along with 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp, PL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="7 - 382" title="Synopsis of the medusae of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400007347" volume="40" year="1961 a">Kramp (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
. Abbreviations: bell diameter (BD), radial canals (RC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<table pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">BD</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Bell shape</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Stomach</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Mouth</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Gonads</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Tentacles</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Cordyli</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Ocelli</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Cirri</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Locality</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. adriatica" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="adriatica">M. adriatica</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. clavigera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="clavigera">M. clavigera</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. malayica" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="malayica">M. malayica</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. mayeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="mayeri">M. mayeri</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. orientalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="orientalis">M. orientalis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. platygastra" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="platygastra">M. platygastra</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rosea" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="rosea">M. rosea</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Compared to the other species with eight tentacles, namely 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. clavigera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="clavigera">M. clavigera</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Haeckel, E" journalOrPublisher="Fischer, Jena" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" title="Das System der Medusen: Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. G." year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. platygastra" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="platygastra">M. platygastra</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Nair, KK" journalOrPublisher="Series C, Natural Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="47 - 75" title="Medusae of the Trivandrum coast. Part 1 systematics. Bulletin of Central Research Institute, University of Travancore." volume="2" year="1951">Nair (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, there are ample differences to separate 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
. Firstly, the tentacle bulbs of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. clavigera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="clavigera">M. clavigera</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. platygastra" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="platygastra">M. platygastra</taxonomicName>
are both thick and conical, whereas those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
are so bulbous as to be heart-shaped. Secondly, the lips in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. platygastra" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="platygastra">M. platygastra</taxonomicName>
are lanceolate while those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. clavigera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="clavigera">M. clavigera</taxonomicName>
are said to be quadratic, whereas these structures in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
sp. n. are more smoothly rounded as one might expect an eight leafed clover to look.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Finally, 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa antrichardsoni" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">Melicertissa antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
would be unlikely to be confused with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. malayica" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="malayica">M. malayica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="EJ Brill, Leiden" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" title="Die craspedoten medusen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph 10." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11301" year="1905">Maas (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, the only other species with gonads adjacent to the stomach: in the latter the gonads are slender and tapered, there are more than 160 tentacles, and the cordyli are irregular, whereas in the former the gonads are oval, there are eight tentacles, and the cordyli are quite regular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
One may wonder about the relationship between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. orientalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="orientalis">M. orientalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp, PL" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="197 - 205" title="Some medusae from northern Australia." volume="85" year="1961 b">Kramp (1961b)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
, with both being apparently endemic to Queensland. Both species have heart-shaped tentacle bulbs and nematocyst-studded cordyli however, they are remarkably dissimilar in their tentacles, gonads, and distribution. For example, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. orientalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="orientalis">M. orientalis</taxonomicName>
from tropical waters of the Great Barrier Reef has seventeen tentacles and the gonads are in wavy bands along the distal 2/5 of the radial canals, whereas 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
from coastal, shallow, sub-tropical waters of southeast Queensland has only half as many tentacles and the gonads are in paired ovals adjacent to the stomach.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
With the specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
at only two millimetres in diameter, it is logical to ask whether they might be juveniles. However, this is unlikely as the female specimen (QM G335901) appears to have mature ova and is near the same size as the other specimens. Specimens have been found on numerous occasions throughout the summertime over a period of five years.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Curiously, 
<bibRefCitation author="Munro, ISR" journalOrPublisher="Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" title="Studies of the Marine Invertebrate Fauna of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Honours thesis." year="1940">Munro (1940)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned finding specimens of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Melicertiasa’">'Melicertiasa'</normalizedToken>
at an area of Moreton Bay locally known as Waterloo Bay, at a sampling station located halfway between Manly and Green Island (not to be confused with Manly in New South Wales or Green Island in the Great Barrier Reef). He gave no other indication as to the identity of his specimens, but we wonder whether these might be the same species as ours. Currently the only species of 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Melicertissa</taxonomicName>
known from Australia are 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. orientalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="orientalis">M. orientalis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. antrichardsoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="antrichardsoni">M. antrichardsoni</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
We recognise 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa adriatica" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="adriatica">Melicertissa adriatica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Neppi, V" journalOrPublisher="Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="2 - 5" title="Vorlaeufige mitteilung ueber die waehrend der terminfahrten auf SM Schiff &quot; Najade &quot; gesammelten Adraitischen medusen." volume="52" year="1915">Neppi (1915)</bibRefCitation>
with some caution. 
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp, PL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="7 - 382" title="Synopsis of the medusae of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400007347" volume="40" year="1961 a">Kramp (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. adriatica" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="adriatica">M. adriatica</taxonomicName>
to be in the 
<taxonomicName family="Laodiceidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="family">Laodiceidae</taxonomicName>
(p. 143) but noted in the addendum (p. 444) that Picard referred this species to 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiaropsidae" genus="Octogonade" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Octogonade mediterranea" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mediterranea">Octogonade mediterranea</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Zoja, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino scientifico Milano" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="101 - 106" title="Una nuova medusa (Octogonademediterranea n. g. n. sp.)." volume="17" year="1896">Zoja (1896)</bibRefCitation>
in the 
<taxonomicName family="Mitrocomidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="family">Mitrocomidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp, PL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="7 - 382" title="Synopsis of the medusae of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400007347" volume="40" year="1961 a">Kramp 1961a</bibRefCitation>
, p. 157). In a subsequent publication, 
<bibRefCitation author="Kramp, PL" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="197 - 205" title="Some medusae from northern Australia." volume="85" year="1961 b">Kramp (1961b)</bibRefCitation>
elaborated, noting: &quot;Dr. J. Picard (Marseilles) has informed me in a letter that 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Melicertissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melicertissa adriatica" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="adriatica">Melicertissa adriatica</taxonomicName>
Neppi is identical with 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiaropsidae" genus="Octogonade" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Octogonade mediterranea" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mediterranea">Octogonade mediterranea</taxonomicName>
Zoja.&quot; However, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zoja’s">Zoja's</normalizedToken>
original illustration of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mediterranea" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="mediterranea">O. mediterranea</taxonomicName>
gives no indication of cordyli, which appear to have been clearly described in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. adriatica" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="adriatica">M. adriatica</taxonomicName>
by Neppi, who 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="20" start="start">differentiated</pageBreakToken>
them from both tentacles and cirri: &quot;Zwischen je zwei Tentakeln drei bis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="fünf">fuenf</normalizedToken>
Randkolben mit einem schwarzen Ocellus und noch zahlreichere Cirren.&quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiaropsidae" genus="Octogonade" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Octogonade" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Octogonade</taxonomicName>
has since been moved to the 
<taxonomicName family="Tiaropsidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="family">Tiaropsidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Boero, F" journalOrPublisher="Indo-Malayan Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" pagination="293 - 302" title="The life cycle of Tiaropsidiumroseum (Tiaropsidae fam. nov., Leptomedusae, Cnidaria)." volume="4" year="1987">Boero et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
) on the basis of having compound statocysts. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon, J" journalOrPublisher="Thalassia Salentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="47 - 296" title="Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydromedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species." volume="24" year="2000">Bouillon and Boero (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon, J" journalOrPublisher="Indo-Malayan Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" url="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2004.68s25" year="2004">Bouillon et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
upheld 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. adriatica" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="adriatica">M. adriatica</taxonomicName>
as a laodiceid (with three types of marginal appendages, namely tentacles, cordyli, and cirri), whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiaropsidae" genus="Octogonade" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Octogonade" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Octogonade</taxonomicName>
has two types of tentacles and neither cordyli or cirri. Schuchert (2016), however, considered 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. adriatica" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="adriatica">M. adriatica</taxonomicName>
to be a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiaropsidae" genus="Octogonade" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Octogonade" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Octogonade</taxonomicName>
. Here, we consider 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. adriatica" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="adriatica">M. adriatica</taxonomicName>
to be a laodiceid based on its possession of three types of marginal appendages, whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiaropsidae" genus="Octogonade" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Octogonade" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Octogonade</taxonomicName>
has only two.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>