treatments-xml/data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DBAEFEB51DF9.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710732" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DBAEFEB51DF9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica nigricans BONDROIT 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1912" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1912" box="[189,639,495,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,639,495,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,431,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT, J." box="[437,639,496,518]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1912" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,685,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pratensis" variety="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[151,352,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[402,508,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT, J." box="[512,685,529,550]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[photos of
<typeStatus box="[178,282,561,583]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">lectotype</typeStatus>
, zoogeography]
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
This is the first available use of
<treatmentCitation pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="EMERY, 1909" authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="pratensis" variety="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[518,771,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica rufa pratensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[196,301,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[305,446,625,646]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[452,602,625,647]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY (1909)</bibRefCitation>
reported as collecting sites “eine südliche Form; aus den Seealpen und aus
<collectingCountry box="[151,241,689,711]" name="Spain" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Spanien</collectingCountry>
, auch im Apennin (Vallombrosa)”. A
<typeStatus box="[627,726,689,711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">lectotype</typeStatus>
was fixed in worker specimen stored in MHN Genève labelled “Cotypus”, “
<taxonomicName authority="Em Vallombrosa" authorityName="Em Vallombrosa" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="pratensis" variety="nigricans">Formica rufa pratensis var. nigricans Em Vallombrosa</taxonomicName>
” (C. Emerys handwriting), “
<taxonomicName authority="Em" authorityName="Em" box="[595,761,785,807]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pratensis" variety="nigricans">v. nigricans Em</taxonomicName>
” (A. Forels handwriting), and “
<collectionCode box="[484,564,817,838]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[570,640,817,838]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">ENTO</collectionCode>
00085011”. The characters revealed in the photos in combination with zoogeography clearly indicate that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pratensis" variety="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[592,723,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. pratensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[151,257,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[520,651,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[520,651,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not of
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,346,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,346,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The type locality Vallombrosa (
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.73" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="43.73">43.73° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[185,284,976,998]" degrees="11.56" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="11.56">11.56° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[298,364,976,998]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
) is situated in a geographic region, as it is with the whole Apennine, where boreomontane species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[309,430,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[309,430,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex did not occur in the times of C. Emery (
<bibRefCitation author="BARONI URBANI" box="[429,665,1073,1095]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="5 - 287" part="50" refId="ref44681" refString="BARONI URBANI, C. 1971: Catalogo delle specie di formicidae d'Italia. - Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 50: 5 - 287." title="Catalogo delle specie di formicidae d'Italia" type="journal article" year="1971">
<collectionCode box="[429,511,1073,1094]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">BARONI</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[518,603,1073,1094]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">URBANI</collectionCode>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
). All populations of boreomontane wood ants from the Apennine mountains known today go back to a massive artificial introduction performed during the years 1959 - 67 (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="PAVAN" box="[151,280,1201,1223]" firstAuthor="PAVAN" journalOrPublisher="Collana Verde" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 78" part="4" refId="ref46259" refString="PAVAN, M. 1959: Attivita' Italiana per la lotta biologica con formiche del gruppo Formica rufa contro gli insetti dannosi alle foreste. - Collana Verde 4: 1 - 78." title="Attivita' Italiana per la lotta biologica con formiche del gruppo Formica rufa contro gli insetti dannosi alle foreste" type="journal article" year="1959">PAVAN 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>