427 lines
74 KiB
XML
427 lines
74 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BEC288ADC09FE6C0498090F50C687449">Thriving in dry conditions: on the Neotropical spider genus Galapa (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="891D12D7FF02F43E269393AFAB603DF4">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="062E9C6C032FD38E6ECC7BB9F9847D66">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="76B6497DFF0213BCC4776758CAAF637E" type="email">b.huber@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AB075B572B2050BB1D85116FF241C3E2">Meng, Guanliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="596F86532A3D503C5ABF0B61A89C69A8">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C928B79F96449D730121BC7383EB659" type="email">eng@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="929C88526DA8BDD71B393C4462852167">García, Jimmy Cabra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4058041BF7D5931C6FF1A3BAB0138B9D">Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37C993A155FA44BED6910810B943B6CE">Carvalho, Leonardo S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5DB818EE750490F7F801FEB2AD21DDB7">Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791773" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<subSubSection id="3587CD8F117E66757C86F9F9A213D667" box="[151,604,1554,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757C86F9F9A213D667" blockId="10.[151,604,1554,1617]" box="[151,604,1554,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<heading id="266A2968117E66757C86F9F9A213D667" bold="true" box="[151,604,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757C86F9F9A213D667" ID-CoL="3F2FB" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[151,604,1554,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757C86F9F9A213D667" bold="true" box="[151,604,1554,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757C86F9F9A17DD666" bold="true" box="[151,306,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa bella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117E66757D51F9F9A21BD667" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[320,596,1554,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3587CD8F117E66757C86F9DCA14AD61A" box="[151,261,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757C86F9DCA14AD61A" blockId="10.[151,604,1554,1617]" box="[151,261,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757C86F9DCA14AD61A" box="[151,261,1591,1617]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStartId-0="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,198,1934,1958]" captionStartId-4="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionStartId-5="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId-1="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId-2="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId-3="figure-225@14.[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetId-4="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId-5="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionTargetPageId-5="16" captionText-0="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." captionText-1="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." captionText-2="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." captionText-3="FIG. 9. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male palpal tarsus, dorsal view, showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). B, C. Male palpal tarsal organ. D–F. Tarsal organs on female tarsus 2, male tarsus 4, and male tarsus 1. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B), 2 µm (C–F)." captionText-4="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." captionText-5="FIG. 11. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, D. Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791791" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10791791/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Figs 6–11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="FC3CB815117E66757C86F990A233D6D8" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[151,636,1659,1683]" page="1190" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" year="1992">
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<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757C86F990A233D6D8" authority="Gertsch & Peck, 1992: 1190" authorityName="Gertsch & Peck" authorityPageNumber="1190" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,636,1659,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757C86F990A11AD6D8" box="[151,341,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Pholcophora bella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117E66757D4AF990A233D6D8" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[347,636,1659,1683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992: 1190</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 32–36 (
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<specimenCount id="6B9B558D117E66757F09F990A367D6D8" box="[792,808,1659,1683]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757C86F971A11CD69B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1659,1744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5D8DB92A117E66757C86F971A11CD69B" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
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<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757C86F971A153D6F9" ID-CoL="3F2FB" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[151,284,1690,1714]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757C86F971A153D6F9" box="[151,284,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa bella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="FC3CB815117E66757D24F971A1AED6F9" author="Huber, B. A." box="[309,481,1690,1714]" page="101" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117E66757D24F971A1AED6F9" author="Huber, B. A." box="[309,481,1690,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 <0001: NWPSAP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 101</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 381–384, 389.
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<treatmentCitation id="FC3CB815117E66757EBCF971A3F2D6F9" author="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E." box="[685,957,1690,1714]" page="195" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" year="2022">
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117E66757EBCF971A3F2D6F9" author="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E." box="[685,957,1690,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="191 - 198" refId="ref19870" refString="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E. (2022) Are introduced spiders displacing native species on Galapagos? Observations on pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arachnology, 19, 191 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2022.19. sp 1.191" type="journal article" year="2022">Huber & Acurio 2022: 195</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 7.
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<treatmentCitation id="FC3CB815117E66757816F971A54AD6F9" author="Dederichs, T. M. & Huber, B. A. & Michalik, P." box="[1031,1285,1690,1714]" page="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" year="2022">
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117E66757816F971A54AD6F9" author="Dederichs, T. M. & Huber, B. A. & Michalik, P." box="[1031,1285,1690,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="52" refId="ref19184" refString="Dederichs, T. M., Huber, B. A. & Michalik, P. (2022) Evolutionary morphology of sperm in pholcid spiders (Pholcidae, Synspermiata). BMC Zoology, 7, 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40850 - 022 - 00148 - 3" type="journal article" year="2022">
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Dederichs
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757865F970A4E9D6F9" box="[1140,1190,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
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2022: 11
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, fig. 12 (sperm morphology).
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|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757C86F915A1D3D786" blockId="10.[151,1437,1790,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757C86F915A145D753" bold="true" box="[151,266,1790,1816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(amendments; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117E66757DF9F914A23BD752" author="Huber, B. A." box="[488,628,1791,1817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 <0001: NWPSAP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distinguished from mainland South and Central American congeners by much larger distal bulbal apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757E72F8C8A2F3D776" box="[611,700,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), by anterior rather than posterior position of large membranous element in female internal genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757E27F8ACA2F0D72A" box="[566,703,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 11. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, D. Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 11C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by body size and leg length (carapace width:>0.45; tibia 1 length:>0.60); from mainland South American congeners also by subdistal rather than distal position of retrolateral-distal process on procursus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757DCAF864A27BD7E2" box="[475,564,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757E98F864A345D7E2" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[649,778,1935,1961]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757E98F864A345D7E2" box="[649,778,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. murphyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also by simple rather than bifid retrolateral-distal process on procursus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757D27F858A1C0D786" box="[310,399,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="29E2CE8C117F66747C86FA02A33DD625" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" startId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117F66747C86FA02A33DD625" blockId="11.[151,1436,1513,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747C86FA02A0AAD64A" bold="true" box="[151,229,1513,1537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">FIG. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117F66747CFDFA01A223D649" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[236,620,1514,1538]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747CFDFA01A13DD649" box="[236,370,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Galapa bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117F66747D91FA01A22AD649" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[384,613,1514,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F6674782DFA02A41AD64A" bold="true" box="[1084,1109,1513,1537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747CC5F9E5A0A4D66D" bold="true" box="[212,235,1550,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Female ALS.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747D6EF9E6A1D7D66E" bold="true" box="[383,408,1549,1573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Male ALS and PMS.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747E6BF9E5A2DCD66D" bold="true" box="[634,659,1550,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Female ALS.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747F36F9E5A371D66D" bold="true" box="[807,830,1550,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Epigynum, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747857F9E5A416D66D" bold="true" box="[1094,1113,1550,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3587CD8F117F66717CD6F954A36FD22A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117F66747CD6F954A566D691" blockId="11.[151,1437,1727,2043]" box="[199,1321,1727,1754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117F66747CD6F954A122D692" bold="true" box="[199,365,1727,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
(amendments of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117F66747E20F92BA2F6D691" author="Huber, B. A." box="[561,697,1728,1754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 <0001: NWPSAP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on specimens reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117F6674783BF92BA56ED691" author="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E." box="[1066,1313,1728,1754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="191 - 198" refId="ref19870" refString="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E. (2022) Are introduced spiders displacing native species on Galapagos? Observations on pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arachnology, 19, 191 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2022.19. sp 1.191" type="journal article" year="2022">Huber & Acurio 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117F66717CD6F90FA17FD10A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1727,2043]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,150,609]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CDF59459117F66717CD6F90FA163D10A" collectionCode="PMS" county="Main" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" location="Clypeus" municipality="Leg" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Male carapace width 0.47–0.53. Distance PME-PME 45 µm; diameter PME 45 µm; distance PME-ALE 15 µm; distance AME-AME 15 µm; diameter AME 30 µm. Tibia
|
||
<quantity id="BA6533E1117F66747F7EF8E3A3D2D769" box="[879,925,1800,1826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="6B9B558D117F66747FB7F8E3A46FD769" box="[934,1056,1800,1826]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
|
||
(including
|
||
<typeStatus id="A22620A6117F667478B7F8E3A541D769" box="[1190,1294,1800,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
): 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.74; diameters of leg femora 0.10, of leg tibiae: 0.06.
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117F66747F57F8C7A3EDD70D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117F66747F57F8C7A3EDD70D" box="[838,930,1836,1862]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Clypeus" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Clypeus</location>
|
||
not more protruding than in female, without sclerotized rim.
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117F66747D5EF8BBA1E1D721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117F66747D5EF8BBA1E1D721" box="[335,430,1872,1898]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Sternum" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Sternum</location>
|
||
with pair of barely visible anterior humps near coxae 1 (~5 µm high, 20 µm diameter at basis).
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117F66747CF8F89FA116D7C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117F66747CF8F89FA116D7C5" box="[233,345,1908,1934]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Gonopore" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Gonopore</location>
|
||
with four epiandrous spigots arranged in two pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117F66747FACF89FA459D7C5" box="[957,1046,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). ALS with one strongly widened spigot, one long pointed spigot, and five cylindrical spigots, of which one is much wider than the others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117F66747927F873A5C0D7F9" box="[1334,1423,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="1B8C06C1117F66747C86F857A080D79D" box="[151,207,1980,2006]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">PMS</collectionCode>
|
||
with two conical spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117F66747DE8F857A21DD79D" box="[505,594,1980,2006]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
); PLS without spigots.
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117F66747F4BF857A39DD79D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117F66747F4BF857A39DD79D" box="[858,978,1980,2006]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Chelicerae" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Chelicerae</location>
|
||
in general very similar to congeners (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117F66747C86F80BA16ED7B1" author="Huber, B. A." box="[151,289,2016,2042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 <0001: NWPSAP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 384), with curved process proximally on fang (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117F66747F7FF80BA386D7B1" box="[878,969,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
); with stridulatory files consisting of ~50 ridges, distances between ridges 1.5–1.6 µm throughout, without further fine subdivision (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A6828111786673788AFF7CA4BAD0FA" box="[1179,1269,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF11786673791AFF7CA51ED0FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF11786673791AFF7CA51ED0FA" box="[1291,1361,151,177]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Palpal" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Palpal</location>
|
||
femur proximally with prolateral stridulatory pick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117866737E9CFF50A2A9D09E" box="[653,742,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
); femur-patella joints strongly shifted towards prolateral side; tibia oval, with two trichobothria; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted towards retrolateral side; palpal tarsal organ strongly raised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117866737D40FEE8A180D156" box="[337,463,259,285]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,198,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-225@14.[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male palpal tarsus, dorsal view, showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). B, C. Male palpal tarsal organ. D–F. Tarsal organs on female tarsus 2, male tarsus 4, and male tarsus 1. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B), 2 µm (C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791791/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Fig. 9A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), diameter 6.7 µm, diameter of opening 1.7 µm; procursus with pointed retrolateral-distal process directed towards proximal and dorsal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117866737EF3FECCA376D10A" box="[738,825,295,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
); tip of dorsal process covered by dorsal flap of genital bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117966727CCBFF7CA17ED0FA" box="[218,305,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) but not lodged in pocket as in
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117966727E8FFF7CA31BD0FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117966727E8FFF7CA31BD0FA" box="[670,852,151,177]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="South American" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">South American</location>
|
||
congeners; genital bulb with large distal apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117966727C8EFF50A0B7D09E" box="[159,248,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), apparently without retrolateral-dorsal process and ventral processes; sperm duct opening on prolateral-ventral side directly on bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117966727DE4FF34A21CD0B2" box="[501,595,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117966727E7AFF34A2EED0B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117966727E7AFF34A2EED0B2" box="[619,673,223,249]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Legs" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Legs</location>
|
||
with round cuticular plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117966727FE6FF34A4C8D0B2" box="[1015,1159,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
; diameter 4–5 µm) and rimmed pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117966727D2EFEE8A189D156" box="[319,454,259,285]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 10A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
; outer diameter 3.4–3.7 µm, diameter of opening 0.2 µm) apparently on all leg segments.
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117A66717C86FF7CA0B6D0FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117A66717C86FF7CA0B6D0FA" box="[151,249,151,177]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Sexually" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Sexually</location>
|
||
dimorphic short vertical hairs present on tibiae 1 and 2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A66717F9EFF7CA444D0FA" box="[911,1035,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 8E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), length ~15 µm, diameter at basis 1.2 µm.
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117A66717CE7FF50A1E1D09E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117A66717CE7FF50A1E1D09E" box="[246,430,187,213]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Chemoreceptive" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Chemoreceptive</location>
|
||
hairs similar in size (length ~13 µm, diameter at basis 1.7 µm) but with side branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A6671797EFF50A088D0B2" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="7842C8DF117A66717CCDFF34A12FD0B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5342F12117E666F7C86F9F9A382D5AE:7842C8DF117A66717CCDFF34A12FD0B2" box="[220,352,223,249]" county="Main" municipality="Leg" name="Retrolateral" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Retrolateral</location>
|
||
trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9D46047E117A667178C8FF34A54AD0B2" box="[1241,1285,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Leg</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
tarsal organs capsulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A66717D1EFEE8A1CCD156" box="[271,387,259,285]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,198,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-225@14.[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male palpal tarsus, dorsal view, showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). B, C. Male palpal tarsal organ. D–F. Tarsal organs on female tarsus 2, male tarsus 4, and male tarsus 1. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B), 2 µm (C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791791/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
; diameter 3.7–4.5 µm, diameter of opening 1.0–1.4 µm).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="9443E688117A66717816FEE8A40DD156" box="[1031,1090,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Main</collectingCounty>
|
||
tarsal claws with ~10–11 tines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A66717C8EFECCA16CD10A" box="[159,291,295,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 10F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29E2CE8C117866737C86F88AA432D7AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" startId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117866737C86F88AA432D7AD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1889,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117866737C86F88AA0ABD731" bold="true" box="[151,228,1889,1914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">FIG. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117866737CFBF889A227D731" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[234,616,1890,1914]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117866737CFBF889A120D731" box="[234,367,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Galapa bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117866737D6DF889A22ED731" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[380,609,1890,1914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE9421611786673787DF88AA4EBD732" bold="true" box="[1132,1188,1889,1913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">A–D.</emphasis>
|
||
Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117866737D34F86DA113D7D6" bold="true" box="[293,348,1925,1950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">E–G.</emphasis>
|
||
Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117866737EFDF86DA349D7D5" bold="true" box="[748,774,1926,1950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="29E2CE8C117966727C86F8D6A2EAD7AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" startId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117966727C86F8D6A2EAD7AE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1853,2022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727C86F8D6A0ACD71E" bold="true" box="[151,227,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">FIG. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117966727CF8F8D6A22ED71E" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[233,609,1853,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727CF8F8D6A122D71E" box="[233,365,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Galapa bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117966727D6BF8D6A215D71E" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[378,602,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727834F8D6A472D71E" bold="true" box="[1061,1085,1853,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727E94F88AA2D3D732" bold="true" box="[645,668,1889,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Stridulatory file on left male chelicera.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727824F88AA402D732" bold="true" box="[1077,1101,1889,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727CF1F86EA0B6D7D6" bold="true" box="[224,249,1925,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727F79F86EA3D6D7D6" bold="true" box="[872,921,1925,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">E, F.</emphasis>
|
||
Left male tibia 1, prolateral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE9421611796672791BF86EA56BD7D6" bold="true" box="[1290,1316,1925,1949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117966727D87F842A1FFD78A" bold="true" box="[406,432,1961,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117A66717CD6FEA0A36FD22A" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Female in general similar to male but sternum without anterior humps, chelicerae without stridulatory files (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A6671797EFEA0A0F3D1C2" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), cheliceral fangs unmodified. Tibia
|
||
<quantity id="BA6533E1117A66717E4EFE84A2C3D1C2" box="[607,652,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount id="6B9B558D117A66717E85FE84A36CD1C2" box="[660,803,367,393]" count="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
: 0.65, 0.68 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117A66717FA1FE84A472D1C2" author="Huber, B. A." box="[944,1085,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 <0001: NWPSAP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The female from Santa Cruz, near Canal de Itabaca, has longer legs (tibia 1: 0.78) and a CO1 distance to specimens from
|
||
<quantity id="BA6533E1117A6671789DFE78A48BD1E6" box="[1164,1220,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Garrapatero beach of 8.8–9.0%. It may in fact represent a different species. Spinnerets as in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A66717848FE5CA49BD19A" box="[1113,1236,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epigynum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A6671797BFE5CA0F7D1BE" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A66717CD5FE30A15CD1BE" box="[196,275,475,501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 11. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, D. Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with simple semicircular anterior plate, weakly protruding, posteriorly not indented medially; posterior plate short and simple, without median division. Internal genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117A66717F89FE14A46ED252" box="[920,1057,511,537]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 11. Galapa bella (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, D. Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 11C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) very simple, apparently without pore plates; membranous bilobed structure with short median process, covered by anterior epigynal plate (not by posterior epigynal plate as in South American congeners).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="29E2CE8C117A66717C86F865A2B8D7A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791791/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" startId="14.[151,198,1934,1958]" targetBox="[151,1436,633,1910]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117A66717C86F865A2B8D7A5" blockId="14.[151,1436,1934,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117A66717C86F865A0ABD7ED" bold="true" box="[151,228,1934,1958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">FIG. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117A66717CFDF865A224D7ED" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[236,619,1934,1958]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117A66717CFDF865A13DD7ED" box="[236,370,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Galapa bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117A66717D6EF865A22BD7ED" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[383,612,1934,1958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117A6671782BF865A41DD7ED" bold="true" box="[1082,1106,1934,1958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Right male palpal tarsus, dorsal view, showing position of tarsal organ (arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117A66717E61F859A2EAD781" bold="true" box="[624,677,1970,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">B, C.</emphasis>
|
||
Male palpal tarsal organ.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117A66717FB9F859A395D781" bold="true" box="[936,986,1970,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">D–F.</emphasis>
|
||
Tarsal organs on female tarsus 2, male tarsus 4, and male tarsus 1. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B), 2 µm (C–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3587CD8F117B666F7CD6FF7DA382D5AE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117B66707CD6FF7DA571D156" blockId="15.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707CD6FF7DA116D0FB" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known from several localities on Santa Cruz Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF5950E6117B66707FA3FF7CA463D0FA" box="[946,1068,151,177]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The single female reported from Santa Cruz, Islote Venecia (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18A9F8C3117B66707DF4FF51A21ED09E" box="[485,593,186,213]" degrees="0.5178" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" precision="5" value="-0.5178">0.5178°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18A9F8C3117B66707E4EFF50A2ABD09E" box="[607,740,187,213]" degrees="90.4760" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" precision="5" value="-90.476">90.4760°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117B66707F0EFF50A464D09E" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[799,1067,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, may also represent this species rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117B66707D06FF34A133D0B2" authorityName="Gertsch & Peck" authorityYear="1992" box="[279,380,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707D06FF34A133D0B2" box="[279,380,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">G. baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species has been claimed to be present on Genovesa and Pinta Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117B667078C9FF34A5D8D0B2" author="Baert, L. & Maelfait, J. - P. & Hendrickx, F. & Desender, K." box="[1240,1431,223,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="39 - 111" refId="ref18666" refString="Baert, L., Maelfait, J. - P., Hendrickx, F. & Desender, K. (2008) Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos. Bulletin de l'Institute Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 78, 39 - 111." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Baert
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B6670790CFF34A519D0B2" box="[1309,1366,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117B66707C86FEE8A159D156" author="Baert, L." box="[151,278,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="159 - 185" refId="ref18562" refString="Baert, L. (2013) Summary of our present knowledge of the spider communities of the Galapagos archipelago. First analysis of the spider communities of the islands Santa Cruz and Isabela. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 143 (Supplement), 159 - 185. [http: // files. belgianjournalofzoology. eu / download / BJZ _ 143 _ supplement. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2013">Baert 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117B66707D30FEE8A114D156" author="Baert, L." box="[289,347,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="263 - 271" refId="ref18631" refString="Baert, L. (2014) New spider species (Araneae) from the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Bulletin de la Societe royale belge d'Entomologie, 149, 263 - 271." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but without specimen and collection data, so these records are here considered dubious.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29E2CE8C117B66707C86F913A475D736" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" startId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E04117B66707C86F913A475D736" blockId="15.[151,1437,1784,1917]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707C86F913A0BED75B" bold="true" box="[151,241,1784,1808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">FIG. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117B66707CE6F913A23AD75A" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[247,629,1784,1809]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707CE6F913A132D75B" box="[247,381,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Galapa bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117B66707D9BF913A221D75A" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[394,622,1784,1809]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707851F913A439D75A" bold="true" box="[1088,1142,1784,1809]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||
Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707E7BF8F7A2CDD77F" bold="true" box="[618,642,1820,1844]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707818F8F6A46ED77E" bold="true" box="[1033,1057,1821,1845]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707D34F8AAA173D712" bold="true" box="[293,316,1857,1881]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE94216117B66707FB6F8AAA393D713" bold="true" box="[935,988,1856,1881]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">F, G.</emphasis>
|
||
Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="29E2CE8C1164666F7C86FB62A409D48E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" startId="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1137]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E041164666F7C86FB62A409D48E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1161,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7C86FB62A0BCD4EA" bold="true" box="[151,243,1161,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">FIG. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871164666F7CEDFB62A2C7D4EA" authority="(Gertsch & Peck, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch & Peck" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[252,648,1161,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7CEDFB62A1CAD4EA" box="[252,389,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Galapa bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F51164666F7D84FB62A2CED4EA" author="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B." box="[405,641,1161,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. & Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch & Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7972FB62A5D3D4EA" bold="true" box="[1379,1436,1161,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomens, ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7DB7FB46A191D48E" bold="true" box="[422,478,1197,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">C, D.</emphasis>
|
||
Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D229E041164666F7CD6FAF3A382D5AE" blockId="16.[151,1436,1303,1510]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7CD6FAF3A132D57A" bold="true" box="[199,381,1303,1330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
. At the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A22620A61164666F7DDEFAF3A1B0D579" box="[463,511,1304,1330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Charles Darwin Research Station), the species seems to have been replaced by the introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871164666F7D77FAD0A45ED51D" authority="(Simon, 1893) (Huber & Acurio 2022)" authorityName="Huber & Acurio" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[358,1041,1339,1366]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culicinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7D77FAD0A201D51E" box="[358,590,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Modisimus culicinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Simon, 1893) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F51164666F7F18FAD0A446D51D" author="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E." box="[777,1033,1339,1366]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="191 - 198" refId="ref19870" refString="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E. (2022) Are introduced spiders displacing native species on Galapagos? Observations on pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arachnology, 19, 191 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2022.19. sp 1.191" type="journal article" year="2022">Huber & Acurio 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens newly collected in 2019 (listed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F51164666F7D55FAB4A270D531" author="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E." box="[324,575,1375,1402]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="191 - 198" refId="ref19870" refString="Huber, B. A. & Acurio, A. E. (2022) Are introduced spiders displacing native species on Galapagos? Observations on pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arachnology, 19, 191 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2022.19. sp 1.191" type="journal article" year="2022">Huber & Acurio 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were found in very dry and exposed habitats near the sea, under rocks and small stones and pebbles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5A682811164666F7DD3FA68A270D5D5" box="[450,575,1411,1438]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,198,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1660]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 5. Typical habitats of Galapa spp. A–B. Galápagos, Santa Cruz, near Garrapatero beach and near Canal de Itabaca (G. bella). C. Colombia, Magdalena, near Santa Marta (G. gabito). D. Colombia, La Guajira, near Papayal (G. spiniphila). E–F. Costa Rica, Guanacaste, NW of Cañas and S of La Cruz (G. murphyi). Photos BAH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791781/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). At both localities (near Garrapatero beach and near Canal de Itabaca), the spiders occupied the drier upper layer of stones, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871164666F7F12FA43A4CFD589" authority="(Gertsch, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[771,1152,1447,1474]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FE942161164666F7F12FA43A388D58A" box="[771,967,1447,1474]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Anopsicus banksi</emphasis>
|
||
(Gertsch, 1939)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in the deeper, slightly more humid layers. The spiders ran very quickly when disturbed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |