treatments-xml/data/03/E3/87/03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4660705" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4019c163-3618-461c-96d4-aeb03854b542" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180792558" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4660705" checkinTime="1617227235125" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J. &amp; McAlpine, David K." docDate="1995" docId="03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.47.3.225-230.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 47 (3)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/sinclair-and-mcalpine-1995-rec-aust-mus-473-225230/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595.2:RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleId="D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Zinza grandis Bradley 1995, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FFDAFF95FFFCFFB4FFAE431EB27FFFD8" masterDocTitle="Zinza, a New Genus of Rhinotorine Flies from Northern Queensland, Australia (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)" masterLastPageNumber="230" masterPageNumber="225" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1636543248449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zinza, a New Genus of Rhinotorine Flies from Northern Queensland, Australia (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>McAlpine, David K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>1995</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>1995-12-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>47</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>225</mods:start>
<mods:end>230</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/sinclair-and-mcalpine-1995-rec-aust-mus-473-225230/</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.238</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">4019c163-3618-461c-96d4-aeb03854b542</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4660701</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4660705" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180792558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4660705" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<subSubSection box="[1599,1959,1582,1621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[1599,1959,1582,1621]" box="[1599,1959,1582,1621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<heading box="[1599,1959,1582,1621]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Bradley, 1995" authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[1599,1851,1582,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis" status="n.sp.">
<emphasis box="[1599,1851,1582,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Zinza grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1878,1959,1582,1621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1646,1912,1688,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[1646,1912,1688,1727]" box="[1646,1912,1688,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Figs 1-4, 7, 8</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[1288,2271,1799,2159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3067208301" collectingDate="1994-04-22" collectingDateMax="1994-04-27" collectingDateMin="1994-04-22" collectionCode="AMS" collectorName="M. S. Moulds &amp; Sinclair" county="Material" elevation="800" latitude="-17.083334" location="Mount Edith Road" longLatPrecision="1279" longitude="145.63333" municipality="North" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty box="[1289,1468,1799,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Material</collectingCounty>
examined. 
<typeStatus box="[1764,1971,1799,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
male. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[2158,2271,1799,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">North</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion box="[1289,1498,1845,1883]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: 
<quantity box="[1522,1612,1845,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
up 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B:8E956020FFFEFFB6F938442BB59BF883" box="[1686,2020,1845,1883]" county="Material" latitude="-17.083334" longLatPrecision="1279" longitude="145.63333" municipality="North" name="Mount Edith Road" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Queensland">Mount Edith Road</location>
, near 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B:8E956020FFFEFFB6F7F8442BB721F851" county="Material" latitude="-17.083334" longLatPrecision="1279" longitude="145.63333" municipality="North" name="Tinaroo Dam" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Queensland">Tinaroo Dam</location>
, 
<quantity box="[1401,1515,1891,1929]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation box="[1401,1515,1891,1929]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1544,1674,1891,1929]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="-17.083334">17°05'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1698,1858,1891,1929]" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="145.63333">145°38'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingMethod box="[1884,2045,1891,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">fruit trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="1994-04-22" valueMax="1994-04-27" valueMin="1994-04-22">
<collectingDate pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="1994-04-22" valueMax="1994-04-27" valueMin="1994-04-22">22-27 Apr. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1398,1625,1937,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">M.S. Moulds</collectorName>
&amp; B.l. 
<collectorName box="[1766,1901,1937,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Sinclair</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1928,2026,1937,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">AMS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3067208302" collectingDate="1994-04-22" collectingDateMax="1994-04-27" collectingDateMin="1994-04-22" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="M. S. Moulds &amp; Sinclair" county="Material" elevation="800" latitude="-17.083334" location="North" longLatPrecision="1279" longitude="145.63333" municipality="North" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[2058,2263,1937,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B:8E956020FFFEFFB6FAA644A1B713F83D" box="[1288,1388,1983,2021]" name="North" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Queensland">North</location>
<collectingRegion box="[1418,1628,1983,2021]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: 
<specimenCount box="[1669,1801,1983,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode box="[1301,1414,2029,2067]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3067208303" collectingDate="1995-02" collectingDateMax="1995-03-31" collectingDateMin="1995-02" collectionCode="AMS" collectorName="P. Zborowski" elevation="1150" latitude="-145.48334" location="Atherton district" municipality="Longlands Gap" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1460,1620,2029,2067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1650,1931,2029,2067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Longlands Gap</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387EDFFFEFFB1F9914530B0BBF74B:8E956020FFFEFFB6F80644F3BAA8F7CB" box="[1960,2263,2029,2067]" latitude="-145.48334" municipality="Longlands Gap" name="Atherton district" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Queensland">Atherton district</location>
, 
<quantity box="[1292,1432,2075,2113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="1150.0">
<elevation box="[1292,1432,2075,2113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1470,1600,2075,2113]" degrees="145" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="-145.48334">1r28'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1632,1792,2075,2113]" degrees="145" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="-145.48334">145°29'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingMethod box="[1826,2058,2075,2113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="1995-02" valueMax="1995-03-31" valueMin="1995-02-00">
<collectingDate pageId="2" pageNumber="227" value="1995-02" valueMax="1995-03-31" valueMin="1995-02-00">Feb.-Mar. 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1410,1653,2121,2159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">P. Zborowski</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1692,1792,2121,2159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">AMS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="2" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[1287,2274,2225,3182]" lastBlockId="3.[220,1205,2616,2838]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">
Description. 
<emphasis box="[1527,1720,2225,2264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="227">Coloration:</emphasis>
head pale yellow; frons shiny gold, with 2 black spots at base of antennae; ocellar triangle dark; vertex with black spot on either side of postverticals; dark spot at base of vibrissa, larger and more distinct in female; scape, pedicel and basal half of first flagellomere brown; ventral surface of first flagellomere mostly pale yellow, less extensively so in female; palpus pale yellow with dark apical setae; proboscis brown. Thorax fulvous; mesoscutum with symmetrical patches of pale yellow, including postpronotal lobe; scutellum brown with median apical yellow marking; pleura with weak brown horizontal stripe on upper margin of proepisternum and anepisternum, brown mark above fore coxa, weak brown stripe across lower margin of anepisternum, upper half of katepisternum, anepimeron, meron, and katatergite. Fore and mid coxae yellow, hind coxa and trochanter brown; fore and mid femora yellow, hind femur brown; apices of femora with black band; tibiae with subbasal and apical black bands; tarsomeres 1-4 yellow, tarsomere 5 dull brown. Wing: membrane yellowish, more intensely so towards base; brown spot 
<subSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
on crossvein r-m and Rs fork, crossing cell rl; small brown spot at apex of cell bm; smoky suffusion present around crossvein dm-cu and wing apex. Haltere pale yellowish. Abdomen bright golden yellow; lateral margins of tergites 1-2 with brown suffusion. 
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF356673FFFFFFB7FF4B42BEB7B1FE10" box="[229,1486,416,456]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF356673FFFFFFB7FF4B42BEB7B1FE10" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" targetBox="[223,2260,553,2471]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[229,1486,416,456]" box="[229,1486,416,456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[229,380,416,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Table 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of the genera 
<subSection box="[906,1005,418,456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
<emphasis box="[906,1005,418,456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[906,999,418,456]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zinza</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
</subSection>
<subSection box="[1036,1317,418,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1931" box="[1036,1241,418,455]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Cairnsimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1036,1241,418,455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Cairnsimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
</subSection>
<subSection box="[1350,1486,418,456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
<emphasis box="[1350,1486,418,456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName box="[1350,1481,418,456]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zentula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zentula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</subSection>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<table box="[223,2260,553,2471]" gridcols="3" gridrows="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<tr box="[223,2260,553,592]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<subSection box="[492,592,553,592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
<th box="[223,856,553,592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[492,592,553,592]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[492,592,553,592]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Zinza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</subSection>
<subSection box="[1133,1354,554,592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
<th box="[926,1556,553,592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1931" box="[1133,1354,554,592]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Cairnsimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1133,1354,554,592]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Cairnsimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</subSection>
<th box="[1630,2260,553,592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName box="[1872,2012,553,592]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zentula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1872,2012,553,592]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Zentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,670,709]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,670,709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">arista plumose</th>
<td box="[926,1556,670,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">arista with micro-pubescence</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,670,709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">arista with micro-pubescence</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,751,837]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,751,837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">posterior ocelli much closer to each other than to anterior ocellus</th>
<td box="[926,1556,751,837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">posterior ocelli not much approx­ imated</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,751,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">posterior ocelli not much approx­ imated</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,879,963]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,879,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">ocellar bristles closely approx­ imated</th>
<td box="[926,1556,879,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">ocellar bristles widely separated</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,879,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">ocellar bristles widely separated</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1007,1045]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1007,1045]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vertex depressed</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1007,1045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vertex depressed</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1007,1045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vertex not depressed</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1088,1219]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1088,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">lower part offace prominent along most of margin</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1088,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">lower part of face narrowly prominent, the prominence impressed at sides</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1088,1219]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">lower part offace prominent along most of margin</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1261,1300]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1261,1300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">palpus short, compressed</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1261,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">palpus short, compressed</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1261,1300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">palpus elongate, cylindrical</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1342,1427]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1342,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vibrissa and associated peristomial bristles present</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1342,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vibrissa and usually peristomial bristles present</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1342,1427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vibrissa and peristomial bristles absent</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1470,1509]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1470,1509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">prosternum without setulae</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1470,1509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">prosternum with setulae</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1470,1509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">prosternum with setulae</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1552,1591]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1552,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">anepisternum sparsely setose</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1552,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">anepisternum with setulae</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1552,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">anepisternum without setulae</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1633,1718]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1633,1718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">proepisternal bristle absent</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1633,1718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">proepisternal bristle present, often small</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1633,1718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">proepisternal bristle present</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1759,1844]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1759,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">prescutellar acrostichal bristles absent</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1759,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">prescutellar acrostichal bristles variable</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1759,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">prescutellar acrostichal bristles present</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1887,1927]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1887,1927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">scutellar setulae absent</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1887,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">scutellar setulae present</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1887,1927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">scutellar setulae present</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,1969,2009]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,1969,2009]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">scutellum dorsally channelled</th>
<td box="[926,1556,1969,2009]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">scutellum dorsally flattened</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,1969,2009]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">scutellum dorsally flattened</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,2051,2090]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,2051,2090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">metasternum strongly setulose</th>
<td box="[926,1556,2051,2090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">metasternum bare</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,2051,2090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">metasternum bare</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,2131,2220]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,2131,2220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
seriate spots lacking in cells r1 and 
<collectionCode box="[251,265,2180,2206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">TODO</collectionCode>
r2+3
</th>
<td box="[926,1556,2131,2220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
seriate spots present in cells rl and 2+3 
<collectionCode box="[999,1009,2187,2220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">TODO</collectionCode>
</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,2131,2220]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
seriate spots present in cells rl and 
<collectionCode box="[1658,1672,2180,2207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">TODO</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[1674,1714,2198,2220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">TODO</collectionCode>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,2259,2342]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,2259,2342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">vein MI strongly curved anteriorly at apex</th>
<td box="[926,1556,2259,2342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">M J not strongly curved anteriorly</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,2259,2342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">MI not strongly curved anteriorly</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[223,2260,2385,2471]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<th box="[223,856,2385,2471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">apical and posterior fringe of wing with modified armature</th>
<td box="[926,1556,2385,2471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">apical and posterior fringe of wing normal</td>
<td box="[1630,2260,2385,2471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">apical and posterior fringe of wing normal</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[218,1204,2905,3173]" lastBlockId="3.[1276,2260,2615,2791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis box="[218,313,2905,2944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[342,450,2905,2944]" captionStart="Figs 1-7. 1" captionStartId="1.[422,488,3051,3087]" captionTargetBox="[335,2233,523,2869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1-7. 1, Zinza grandis head. 2, Z. grandis epandrium, sursty!us, cercus. 3, Z. grandis hypandrium, phallus, ejaculatory apodeme. 4, Z. grandis wing. 5, Cairnsimyia sydneiensis D. McAlpine scutellum. 6, Neorhinotora aristalis (Fischer) scutellum. 7, Z. grandis scutellum. Abbreviation: gst, gonostylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4660703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4660703/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): ocellar and postocellar regions forming slight longitudinal convexity within broader frontal excavation; face concave in profile, with lower margin very prominent; postvertical bristle much longer than ocellar; fronto-orbital bristles 2, posterior one short but distinct, anterior one smaller, sometimes little differentiated from frontal setulae. First flagellomere subcircular, compressed. Clypeus shallow, but anteriorly prominent; proboscis elongate, with small apparently membranous labella.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[1275,2261,2858,3172]" lastBlockId="4.[217,1204,423,1659]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis box="[1278,1402,2858,2896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Thorax</emphasis>
somewhat elongate; scutellum without setulae, shape somewhat resembling that of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Fischer)" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Neorhinotora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Neorhinotora aristalis</emphasis>
(Fischer)
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 6,7), with slight longitudinal ridge on each side of dorsal channel, concavity on each side between anterior and posterior bristles, and slightly bigibbous apex; prosternum narrow, weakly sclerotised. Chaetotaxy: 1 humeral, 2 notopleurals, 1 supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 posteriorinter-alar, 1 posterior dorsocentral, 2 scutellars; acrostichal, proepisternal, and anepisternal bristles absent; katepisternum with 2 widely spaced bristles and long setulae. Males with mollisetae (see D. 
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, D. K." box="[562,932,607,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="29 - 84" refId="ref3333" refString="McAlpine, D. K., 1991. Review of the Australian kelp flies (Diptera: Coelopidae). Systematic Entomology 16: 29 - 84." type="journal article" year="1991">McAlpine [1991: 31]</bibRefCitation>
for definition) on ventral surface of katepisternum, metasternum, mid and hind coxae, and ventral surface of fore femur; hind trochanter simple (lacking brushed tubercle, present in males of 
<taxonomicName box="[589,721,791,830]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zentula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[589,721,791,830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Zentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species). Fore femur with several dorsal bristles; mid femur with several anterior bristles near and beyond middle; male mid femur with small socket-based ovoid anteroventral peg just beyond basal third; hind femur with few dorsal bristles and rather dense ventral setulae; male hind femur stout, apparently raptorial; female hind femur broad, longer than mid femur; fore and hind tibiae shorter than femora, slightly curved with subangular basal thickening; mid tibiae with several short, thick ventroapical spur-like bristles, among which one (female) or 2 (male) form longer spurs; all tibiae with large ventroapical bight (only slightly developed in other rhinotorines, presumably enabling tarsus to be sharply flexed ventrally against tibia); fore basitarsus slightly depressed; mid basitarsus subcylindrical; hind basitarsus obliquely compressed; tarsomeres 1-4 of mid leg with ventrolateral comb of stout black bristles. Wing: cell r1 without supernumerary crossveins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[214,1200,1724,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis box="[214,389,1724,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Abdomen:</emphasis>
tergites 2-5 with long, silky golden lateral setae; sternite 1 well sclerotised, quadrate, setulose laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[211,1201,1928,2609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis box="[213,567,1928,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Male postabdomen</emphasis>
(Figs 2,3): protandrial sclerites resembling those of 
<taxonomicName authority="D. McAlpine" authorityName="D. McAlpine" box="[590,1199,1973,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Cairnsimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseta">
<emphasis box="[590,945,1973,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Cairnsimyia uniseta</emphasis>
D. McAlpine
</taxonomicName>
(see D. 
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, D. K." box="[369,670,2020,2059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="203 - 251" refId="ref3294" refString="McAlpine, D. K., 1985. The Australian genera of Heleomyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) and a reclassification of the family into tribes. Records of the Australian Museum 36: 203 - 251." type="journal article" year="1985">McAlpine, 1985</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 92); tergite 6 reduced, bare, separate from other sclerites; one large spiracle on either side of tergite 6, remaining spiracles absent; small sclerite present on right side of sternite 8; epandrium with long mollisetae; surstylus trilobed, apical lobe with short bristles; ventroapical lobes of hypandrium with dense patch of dark bristles;.gonostylus laterally compressed, apically expanded; ejaculatory apodeme slender with T-shaped base; basiphallus forming slender sclerotised rod; distiphallus with complex sclerotisation, anteriorly reflexed; cerci short, rounded, fused anteroventrally, with long dark undulating bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[208,1199,2682,3181]" lastBlockId="4.[1275,2253,426,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis box="[210,611,2682,2722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Female postabdomen:</emphasis>
sternite 6 divided by median desclerotisation; cerci short, slender, well separated and free distally. Two spermathecae on common duct plus slightly smaller spermatheca on separate duct, each with irregular outer envelope and subspherical, almost smooth black cuticular lining (
<figureCitation box="[936,1054,2912,2952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[390,445,1454,1489]" captionTargetBox="[495,1953,507,1297]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 8. Spermathecae of Zinza grandis. Scale TODO 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4660707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4660707/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); black pigment decurrent for short distance on lining of duct; duct deeply inserted into vesicle (at least in single spermatheca, paired ones too intensely pigmented to enable interpretation of internal structure), with cellular (?muscular) envelope in part much thickened proximally to vesicle. Egg whitish, elongate-ovoid, roughly bilaterally and biterminally symmetrical, except for slight impression at one end from which a small cup-shaped structure protrudes; surface with numerous prominent longitudinal ridges, over 20 at mid-length, some of them not reaching ends, otherwise apparently without external processes; length 
<quantity box="[1905,2038,702,740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[1274,2254,853,1030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis box="[1274,1488,853,891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Dimensions:</emphasis>
total length, male (abdomen deflexed) 
<quantity box="[1275,1494,899,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="7.7">7.7-7.8 mm</quantity>
, female 
<quantity box="[1664,1808,899,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
; length of thorax, male 
<quantity box="[1274,1418,946,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
, female 
<quantity box="[1588,1733,946,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
; length of wing, male 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="9.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="9.75" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="9.7">9.7- 9.8 mm</quantity>
, female 10.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[1274,2252,1096,1227]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1482,1096,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<emphasis box="[1903,2072,1096,1135]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[1916,2059,1096,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">grandis</taxonomicName>
&quot;
</emphasis>
refers to its much larger size compared to species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1931" box="[2041,2252,1143,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Cairnsimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[2041,2252,1143,1181]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Cairnsimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis box="[1366,1507,1189,1227]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName box="[1366,1502,1189,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zentula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zentula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="multiple">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="4.[1649,1878,1306,1344]" box="[1649,1878,1306,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<heading bold="true" box="[1649,1878,1306,1344]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1649,1878,1306,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[1272,2254,1407,2686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
This species is known only from the Atherton Tableland, which rises more than 
<quantity box="[1930,2049,1453,1491]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
above the coastal plain south-west of Cairns in northern Queensland. The Atherton Tableland is one of a series of temperate areas that represent a mesothermal &quot;archipelago&quot;. Mesothermal refers to a plant group with optimum temperatures for growth of 19-22°C (
<bibRefCitation author="Nix, H. A." box="[1286,1484,1729,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="112" refId="ref3506" refString="Nix, H. A., 1991. Biogeography: pattern and process. Pp. 11 39. In H. A. Nix &amp; M. A. Switzer eds. Rainforest Animals. Kowari 1: xii + 112." type="book chapter" year="1991">Nix, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). In northern Queensland, tropical and subtropical lowlands separate the tablelands (or mesothermal &quot;islands&quot;) from similar mesothermal areas of montane New 
<collectingCountry box="[1694,1820,1867,1905]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Guinea</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry box="[2082,2246,1867,1905]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Australia</collectingCountry>
. These mesothermal environments of northern 
<collectingRegion box="[1273,1477,1959,1997]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Queensland</collectingRegion>
represent regions of high endemism in both vertebrates (
<bibRefCitation author="Nix, H. A." box="[1607,1798,2005,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="112" refId="ref3506" refString="Nix, H. A., 1991. Biogeography: pattern and process. Pp. 11 39. In H. A. Nix &amp; M. A. Switzer eds. Rainforest Animals. Kowari 1: xii + 112." type="book chapter" year="1991">Nix, 1991</bibRefCitation>
) and invertebrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="4.[1272,2254,1407,2686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
Of the five other heleomyzid species known from the Atherton Tableland (including the less elevated Kuranda district) only one, 
<taxonomicName authority="D. McAlpine" authorityName="D. McAlpine" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Diplogeomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immaculata">
<emphasis box="[1778,2253,2143,2181]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Diplogeomyza immaculata</emphasis>
D. McAlpine
</taxonomicName>
, appears to be endemic (D. 
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, D. K." pageId="4" pageNumber="229" pagination="74 - 106" refId="ref3224" refString="McAlpine, D. K., 1967. The Australian species of Diplogeomyza and allied genera (Diptera, Heleomyzidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 92: 74 - 106." type="journal article" year="1967">McAlpine, 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Three others, 
<taxonomicName authority="D. McAlpine, D." authorityName="D. McAlpine, D." class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Diplogeomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">
<emphasis box="[1737,2173,2234,2273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Diplogeomyza tridens</emphasis>
D. McAlpine, D.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1539,1667,2280,2318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">signata</emphasis>
D. McAlpine, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Cairnsimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Cairnsimyia cavifrons</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
, extend from the Atherton Tableland southwards into 
<collectingRegion box="[1586,1919,2372,2410]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
. 
<taxonomicName box="[1960,2177,2372,2410]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Pentachaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1960,2177,2372,2410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pentachaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (undescribed &quot;sp. E&quot; in 
<collectionCode box="[1716,1810,2418,2456]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">AMS</collectionCode>
) extends from Kuranda, at the northern edge of the Tableland, south to the Clarke Range-Eungella district (c. 2l01O'S), and is thus probably restricted to mesothermal areas of the tropics. Other 
<taxonomicName box="[1553,1772,2602,2640]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Pentachaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1553,1772,2602,2640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Pentachaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are restricted to temperate 
<collectingCountry box="[1474,1639,2648,2686]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="multiple">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="229" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="4.[1692,1835,2761,2803]" box="[1692,1835,2761,2803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
<heading bold="true" box="[1692,1835,2761,2803]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1692,1835,2761,2803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[1270,2256,2866,3180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="229">
Specimens from Mount Edith Road were collected in a banana baited fly trap, suspended approximately 
<quantity box="[1275,1422,2958,2996]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 m</quantity>
above the ground in upland rainforest. The fly trap is similar to a lobster trap, consisting of a nylon mesh cylinder, with bait suspended near the bottom. The insects are caught alive and removed from the trap using an aspirator.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="5" pageNumber="230" type="multiple">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="230" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="5.[543,889,533,572]" box="[543,889,533,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<heading bold="true" box="[543,889,533,572]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[543,889,533,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Comparative notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[218,1204,638,2195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[225,317,638,677]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[225,317,638,677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Zinza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conforms to the description of the tribe 
<taxonomicName authority="(D. McAlpine, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="D. McAlpine" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinotorini">
Rhinotorini (D. 
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, D. K." box="[306,600,684,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="203 - 251" refId="ref3294" refString="McAlpine, D. K., 1985. The Australian genera of Heleomyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) and a reclassification of the family into tribes. Records of the Australian Museum 36: 203 - 251." type="journal article" year="1985">McAlpine, 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
except that the arista is longplumose and inserted slightly closer to the base than to the apex of first flagellomere. Within this tribe, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[1110,1203,777,815]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1110,1203,777,815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Zinza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs in subtribe 1 as characterised by D. 
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, D. K." pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="203 - 251" refId="ref3294" refString="McAlpine, D. K., 1985. The Australian genera of Heleomyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) and a reclassification of the family into tribes. Records of the Australian Museum 36: 203 - 251." type="journal article" year="1985">McAlpine (1985: 232-233)</bibRefCitation>
, although the description must be extended to include forms without scutellar setulae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs 1-7. 1" captionStartId="1.[422,488,3051,3087]" captionTargetBox="[335,2233,523,2869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1-7. 1, Zinza grandis head. 2, Z. grandis epandrium, sursty!us, cercus. 3, Z. grandis hypandrium, phallus, ejaculatory apodeme. 4, Z. grandis wing. 5, Cairnsimyia sydneiensis D. McAlpine scutellum. 6, Neorhinotora aristalis (Fischer) scutellum. 7, Z. grandis scutellum. Abbreviation: gst, gonostylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4660703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4660703/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Figs 5-7</figureCitation>
). This subtribe includes the two other Australian genera 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1931" box="[362,568,1007,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Cairnsimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[362,568,1007,1046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Cairnsimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis box="[679,816,1007,1046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName box="[679,810,1007,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zentula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zentula</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
whereas subtribes 2 and 3 include only New World taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[218,1204,638,2195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
The distinctive subtruncate, dorsally channelled scutellum resembles that of the Neotropical rhinotorine genus, 
<taxonomicName authority="Lopes" authorityName="Lopes" box="[356,706,1191,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Neorhinotora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[356,585,1191,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Neorhinotora</emphasis>
Lopes
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[740,847,1191,1230]" captionStart="Figs 1-7. 1" captionStartId="1.[422,488,3051,3087]" captionTargetBox="[335,2233,523,2869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1-7. 1, Zinza grandis head. 2, Z. grandis epandrium, sursty!us, cercus. 3, Z. grandis hypandrium, phallus, ejaculatory apodeme. 4, Z. grandis wing. 5, Cairnsimyia sydneiensis D. McAlpine scutellum. 6, Neorhinotora aristalis (Fischer) scutellum. 7, Z. grandis scutellum. Abbreviation: gst, gonostylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4660703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4660703/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). In addition, M] is also strongly curved forward distally to meet 
<collectionCode box="[1020,1041,1237,1276]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">R</collectionCode>
4+S in the Chilean genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1934" box="[489,827,1283,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Mayomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[489,667,1283,1323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Mayomyia</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Malloch, J. R." box="[860,1116,1283,1323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="393 - 489" refId="ref3473" refString="Malloch, J. R., 1934. Acalyptrata (concluded). Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 6 (5): 393 - 489, pI. 8." type="journal article" year="1934">Malloch, 1934</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11). However, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[494,587,1329,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[494,587,1329,1368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Zinza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only distantly related to these two genera, the latter genus belonging in a distinct tribe (Mayomyiini).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[218,1204,638,2195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
The small ventral peg on the mid femur of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[1032,1125,1466,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1032,1125,1466,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Zinza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been observed in other rhinotorine taxa, and is malerestricted. As in many other schizophoran flies, mollisetae in this genus are much less developed in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[218,1204,638,2195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
<bibRefCitation author="Hennig, W." box="[268,548,1651,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="505 - 688" refId="ref3165" refString="Hennig, W., 1958. Die Familien der Diptera Schizophora und ihre phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen. Beitraege zur Entomologie 8: 505 - 688." type="journal article" year="1958">Hennig (1958)</bibRefCitation>
recorded two spermathecae for 
<taxonomicName authority="Schiner" authorityName="Schiner" box="[220,787,1696,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Rhinotora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluricellulata">
<emphasis box="[220,639,1696,1736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Rhinotora pluricellulata</emphasis>
Schiner
</taxonomicName>
(sic), and J. 
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, J. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="675 - 1332" refId="ref3421" refString="McAlpine, J. F., 1987. Rhinotoridae [Chapter] 92. Pp. 989 - 992. In J. F. McAlpine et al. eds. Manual of Nearctic Diptera, VoI. 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph 28: vi + 675 - 1332." type="book chapter" year="1987">McAlpine (1987)</bibRefCitation>
described and figured two spermathecae for 
<taxonomicName authority="(Giglio-Tos)" baseAuthorityName="Giglio-Tos" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[219,815,1788,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Neorhinotora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversa">
<emphasis box="[219,587,1788,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Neorhinotora diversa</emphasis>
(Giglio-Tos)
</taxonomicName>
. As two and three are both frequent spermathecal counts in 
<taxonomicName box="[862,1103,1834,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heleomyzidae</taxonomicName>
(four in some 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[365,474,1880,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Suillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[365,474,1880,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Suillia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species), and as both numbers are present in the tribes 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1911" box="[458,676,1926,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heleomyzini">Heleomyzini</taxonomicName>
and Allophylopsini (
<bibRefCitation author="Hennig, W." pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="505 - 688" refId="ref3165" refString="Hennig, W., 1958. Die Familien der Diptera Schizophora und ihre phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen. Beitraege zur Entomologie 8: 505 - 688." type="journal article" year="1958">Hennig, 1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Schneider, M. A." box="[337,624,1972,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="59 - 65" refId="ref3550" refString="Schneider, M. A., 1982. A comparative morphological study of the reproductive systems of some species of Tapeigaster Macquart (Diptera: Heleomyzidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 106: 59 - 65." type="journal article" year="1982">Schneider, 1982</bibRefCitation>
; pers. obs. D. McAlpine), it is not surprising that this variation should be present in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="D. McAlpine" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[219,408,2064,2104]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinotorini">Rhinotorini</taxonomicName>
. The egg of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bradley" authorityYear="1995" box="[680,924,2064,2104]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Zinza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis box="[680,924,2064,2104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Zinza grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs greatly from those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[488,660,2110,2150]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Rhinotora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[488,660,2110,2150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Rhinotora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[769,996,2110,2150]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Neorhinotora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[769,996,2110,2150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Neorhinotora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as figured by 
<bibRefCitation author="Lopes, H. de" box="[281,505,2156,2195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref3191" refString="Lopes, H. de S., 1935. A sub-familia Rhinotorinae Williston (Dipt. - Rhopalomeridae). Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal 2: 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="1935">Lopes (1935</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1-3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph blockId="5.[1276,2255,531,779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Max Moulds is thanked for his guidance and assistance during field work and Sandy Leask provided technical assistance. Daniel Bickel critically reviewed an earlier draft. This research was partially supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of 
<collectingCountry box="[1838,1952,745,779]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="230">Canada</collectingCountry>
to BJS.
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>