144 lines
16 KiB
XML
144 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="BE0709481D6367FE9D1FA570F93F99FB" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9575FFB2FDE5FEEB712BFD24" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus magnus Gillette 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods id="741BB2216625E12447986B0ADBE896BA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BE8609FE9D3213A894913F665E5ADF74">
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<mods:title id="D8244B5167F70FC84B2D46A6DEF2586B">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DB723CDA5EDFEF14FC6BC39ED61A055F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EEB645DDCED04EF0423C26A64C18ADD8">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2564A536363AC2BB9DB498A2D5DF0810">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC58D015A8409262B8635C33EB1C5215" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="132CA61891B484ED0D73CC94509EE736">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="68A68B51C7D3929574AC9F8993E1AD1C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="636F360E727F7908F7C406DB6787F44A">
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<mods:date id="D8ECA1E69DB5E0670DA83FBB92B82E3C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D096C2160CE9A45F6D54A7B884B40F8">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B4A7CD54ACFBF47F674B75F163D40C67">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="71564F549A87C697E11BD9B29A65D625" type="CLB-Dataset">8839</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="81E0FB5F0CEC05F820727A4062C5DFBB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9575FFB2FDE5FEEB712BFD24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4433998" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4433998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9575FFB2FDE5FEEB712BFD24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9575FFB2FDE5FEEB712BFD24" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79575FFB2FDE5FEEB71B6FFFA" box="[151,731,366,393]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9575FFB2FDE5FEEB71B6FFFA" blockId="112.[151,731,366,393]" box="[151,731,366,393]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<heading id="D0E176509575FFB2FDE5FEEB71B6FFFA" bold="true" box="[151,731,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDE5FEEB71B6FFFA" bold="true" box="[151,731,366,393]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FDE5FEEB7170FFFB" authority="Gillette, 1891" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,541,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDE5FEEB7202FFFA" bold="true" box="[151,367,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Synergus magnus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FC05FEEA7170FFFB" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[375,541,366,392]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref102899" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1891) Description of new Cynipidae in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 3, 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 3.193" type="journal article" year="1891">Gillette, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FF56FEEB71B6FFFA" bold="true" box="[548,731,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79575FFB2FDE5FE3777C8FFB8" box="[151,1189,435,460]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9575FFB2FDE5FE3777C8FFB8" blockId="112.[151,1189,435,460]" box="[151,1189,435,460]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FDE5FE3772B0FFB8" authority="Gillette, 1891" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,477,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDE5FE377225FFB8" box="[151,328,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Synergus magnus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FC3DFE3772B0FFB8" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[335,477,435,459]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref102899" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1891) Description of new Cynipidae in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 3, 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 3.193" type="journal article" year="1891">Gillette, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist. 3: 202.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9575FFB2FE11FE3070F8FFBF" box="[867,917,436,460]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Type</typeStatus>
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material: presumably lost.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79575FFB2FDE5FE7D71F0FC60" box="[151,669,505,531]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9575FFB2FDE5FE7D71F0FC60" blockId="112.[151,1437,505,855]" box="[151,669,505,531]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDE5FE7D725CFC60" bold="true" box="[151,305,505,531]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9575FFB2FC45FE7D721EFC60" box="[311,371,505,531]" name="United States of America" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9575FFB2FC0CFE7D7284FC60" box="[382,489,505,531]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Michigan</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FC88FE7D71FCFC60" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[506,657,505,531]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref102899" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1891) Description of new Cynipidae in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 3, 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 3.193" type="journal article" year="1891">Gillette 1891</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79575FFB2FDB5FD9972F1FC28" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9575FFB2FDB5FD9972F1FC28" blockId="112.[151,1437,505,855]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDB5FD99724AFC44" bold="true" box="[199,295,541,567]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Biology.</emphasis>
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Reared from galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FF52FD997721FC44" authority="Gillette, 1888" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[544,1100,541,567]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cookii">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FF52FD997194FC44" box="[544,761,541,567]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Amphibolips cookii</emphasis>
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Gillette, 1888 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FEDFFD997729FC44" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[941,1092,541,567]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref102899" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1891) Description of new Cynipidae in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 3, 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 3.193" type="journal article" year="1891">Gillette 1891</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which produces bud galls on
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FDE5FDC672F5FC28" authority="(Burks 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Burks" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[151,408,577,604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDE5FDC67394FC28" box="[151,249,577,604]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Q. rubra</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FC7AFDC572E2FC28" author="Burks, B. D." box="[264,399,577,603]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79575FFB2FDB5FDE1712BFD24" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9575FFB2FDB5FDE1712BFD24" blockId="112.[151,1437,505,855]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FDB5FDE17256FC0C" bold="true" box="[199,315,613,639]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FC31FDE27165FC0C" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[323,520,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FC31FDE27165FC0C" box="[323,520,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Synergus magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from a single female (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FEC6FDE177EBFC0C" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[948,1158,613,639]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref102899" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1891) Description of new Cynipidae in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 3, 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 3.193" type="journal article" year="1891">Gillette 1891: 202</bibRefCitation>
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), whose current location is unknown. According to the original description, the female has 15-segmented antenna, a trait that it shares only with a few species from the New World. However, the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FED1FD2A777BFCB4" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[931,1046,686,712]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FED1FD2A777BFCB4" box="[931,1046,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">S. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is insufficient to decide whether it is a valid species or a synonym of one of these species with females with 15-segmented antenna. Based on the traits provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9575FFB2FC50FD7172A4FD7C" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[290,457,757,783]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref102899" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1891) Description of new Cynipidae in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 3, 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 3.193" type="journal article" year="1891">Gillette (1891)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FCA1FD727128FD7C" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[467,581,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FCA1FD727128FD7C" box="[467,581,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">S. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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might well be a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FEF1FD72709AFD7C" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[899,1015,757,784]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FEF1FD72709AFD7C" box="[899,1015,757,784]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">S. dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but we first need to find and examine the
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9575FFB2FDCDFC9D724CFD40" box="[191,289,793,819]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FC37FC9E72DAFD40" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[325,439,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FC37FC9E72DAFD40" box="[325,439,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">S. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to confirm this assumption. Hence, we consider
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9575FFB2FEA0FC9E7729FD40" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1891" box="[978,1092,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2FEA0FC9E7729FD40" box="[978,1092,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">S. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9575FFB2F91AFC9E7661FD40" box="[1128,1292,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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until its type material is found and studied in detail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |