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<mods:title id="FA872AFF2DE6960F3441A7A935E30E15">Tirons of the world: a review of tironid amphipods, description of new genera and species, and establishment of a new subfamily Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. (Crustacea, Synopiidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF1A8A44E516FA2E" blockId="75.[151,604,1397,1424]" box="[151,604,1397,1424]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="D0E1026DFF9AFF5AFF1A8A44E516FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,604,1397,1424]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFF1A8A44E516FA2E" ID-CoL="42DYH" authority="(Pillai, 1957)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[151,604,1397,1424]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Metatiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidactylus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A8A44E516FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,604,1397,1424]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A8A44E6FDFA31" bold="true" box="[151,439,1397,1424]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Metatiron brevidactylus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFE4B8A47E51EFA2E" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[454,596,1397,1423]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="29 - 68" refId="ref50030" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1957) Pelagic Crustacea of Travancore. III. Amphipoda. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute of University of Travancore, 5, 29 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Pillai, 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFF9AFF5AFF1A8A88E245F98F" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF1A8A88E530FA73" blockId="75.[151,1295,1466,1582]" box="[151,634,1466,1490]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFF1A8A88E557FA73" ID-CoL="7ZL2W" authority="Pillai, 1957" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,541,1466,1490]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Pseudotiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidactylus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A8A88E6EAFA73" box="[151,416,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pseudotiron brevidactylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFE2B8A88E557FA73" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[422,541,1466,1490]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="29 - 68" refId="ref50030" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1957) Pelagic Crustacea of Travancore. III. Amphipoda. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute of University of Travancore, 5, 29 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Pillai, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. VII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF1A8AE8E30FFA50" blockId="75.[151,1295,1466,1582]" box="[151,1093,1497,1521]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06922FFF9AFF5AFF1A8AE8E30FFA50" box="[151,1093,1497,1521]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFF1A8AE8E558FA50" ID-CoL="42DYH" authority="(Pillai, 1957)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[151,530,1497,1521]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Metatiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidactylus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A8AE8E6C0FA50" box="[151,394,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Metatiron brevidactylus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFE1A8AEBE541FA50" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[407,523,1497,1521]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="29 - 68" refId="ref50030" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1957) Pelagic Crustacea of Travancore. III. Amphipoda. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute of University of Travancore, 5, 29 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Pillai, 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AB79310FF9AFF5AFDBD8AEBE47BFA50" author="Rabindranath, P." box="[560,817,1497,1521]" page="84" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFDBD8AEBE5B3FA50" author="Rabindranath, P." box="[560,761,1497,1521]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref50147" refString="Rabindranath, P. (1972) Three species of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) from the Trivandrum Coast, India. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 188, 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1972">Rabindranath 1972</bibRefCitation>
, p.84
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB79310FF9AFF5AFCF28AEBE30BFA50" author="Cadien, D. B." box="[895,1089,1497,1521]" page="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFCF28AEBE348FA50" author="Cadien, D. B." box="[895,1026,1497,1521]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref48713" refString="Cadien, D. B. (2014) Amphipoda of the Northeast Pacific (Equator to Aleutians, intertidal to abyss): XVII. Synopioidea: a review, 22 July 2004, 1 - 20. [revised 9 December 2014]" type="book chapter" year="2014">Cadien 2014</bibRefCitation>
, p. 11
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF1A8ACAE6FDF9AE" blockId="75.[151,1295,1466,1582]" box="[151,439,1527,1552]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
Not
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFF498ACAE616F9B1" author="Ledoyer, M." box="[196,348,1528,1552]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref49813" refString="Ledoyer, M. (1979) Les gammariens de la pente externe du grand recif de Tulear (Madagascar) (Crustacea Amphipoda). Memorie di Museo di Storia Naturale Verona, 2 (2), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1979">Ledoyer (1979</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 86).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF1A8925E245F98F" blockId="75.[151,1295,1466,1582]" box="[151,1295,1558,1582]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06922FFF9AFF5AFF1A8925E245F98F" box="[151,1295,1558,1582]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A8925E628F98F" box="[151,354,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFF1A8925E614F98F" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[151,350,1558,1582]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Tiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidactylus">Tiron brevidactylus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
—J.L.
<treatmentCitation id="0AB79310FF9AFF5AFE2A8924E53EF98F" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[423,628,1558,1582]" page="85" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFE2A8924E57EF98F" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[423,564,1558,1582]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref48434" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1972) A Review of the Family Synopiidae (= Tironidae), Mainly Distributed in the Deep Sea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 124 (1 - 4), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.124" type="journal article" year="1972">Barnard 1972</bibRefCitation>
, p. 85
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFDF38925E5ABF98F" author="Just, J." box="[638,737,1558,1582]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="259 - 263" refId="ref49585" refString="Just, J. (1981) Tiron bellairsi sp. n. (Amphipoda, Synopiidae) from coral sand in Barbados, with notes on behaviour. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 259 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1981. tb 00502. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Just 1981</bibRefCitation>
, tab. I.; Jazdzewski 1990, p. 16;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB79310FF9AFF5AFBA18924E241F98F" author="Hirayama, A." box="[1068,1291,1558,1582]" page="61" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFBA18924E381F98F" author="Hirayama, A." box="[1068,1227,1558,1582]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="39 - 77" refId="ref49177" refString="Hirayama, A. (1988) Taxonomic Studies on the Shallow Water Gammaridean Amphipoda of West Kyushu, Japan. VIII. Pleustidae, Podoceridae, Priscomilitaridae, Stenothoidae, Synopiidae, and Urothoidae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 33 (1 - 3), 39 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176149" type="journal article" year="1988">Hirayama 1988</bibRefCitation>
, p.61
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFF9AFF5AFF1A896FE6A3F93A" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF1A896FE68DF9D7" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2015]" box="[151,455,1628,1655]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A896FE67FF9D7" bold="true" box="[151,309,1628,1655]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<typeStatus id="54AD0BA3FF9AFF5AFF1A896FE798F9D6" box="[151,210,1629,1655]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Type</typeStatus>
fixation
</emphasis>
. Not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF4A89B3E6A3F93A" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2015]" box="[199,489,1664,1691]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF4A89B3E63BF93B" bold="true" box="[199,369,1664,1691]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<typeStatus id="54AD0BA3FF9AFF5AFF4A89B3E648F93A" box="[199,258,1665,1691]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Type</typeStatus>
Material
</emphasis>
. Not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFF9AFF5AFF4A8996E447F91F" box="[199,781,1700,1727]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF4A8996E447F91F" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2015]" box="[199,781,1700,1727]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF4A8996E62BF91F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1700,1726]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</emphasis>
Travancore, southwestern most
<collectingCountry id="F301F591FF9AFF5AFD418996E443F91F" box="[716,777,1700,1726]" name="India" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFF9AFF5AFF4A89FBE79DF87E" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF4A89FBE39BF8D3" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2015]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF4A89FBE671F942" bold="true" box="[199,315,1737,1763]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<specimenCount id="9D107E88FF9AFF5AFEF489FAE54CF943" box="[377,518,1736,1763]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="F301F591FF9AFF5AFDC289FAE59CF943" box="[591,726,1736,1762]" name="Madagascar" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
reported as
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFCEA89FBE33FF943" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[871,1141,1736,1762]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Metatiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidactylus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFCEA89FBE33FF943" box="[871,1141,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Metatiron brevidactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFB2989FAE21FF942" author="Ledoyer, M." box="[1188,1365,1736,1763]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref49813" refString="Ledoyer, M. (1979) Les gammariens de la pente externe du grand recif de Tulear (Madagascar) (Crustacea Amphipoda). Memorie di Museo di Storia Naturale Verona, 2 (2), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1979">Ledoyer (1979)</bibRefCitation>
differ in many points from
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFE0089DEE565F8A6" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[397,559,1772,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="29 - 68" refId="ref50030" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1957) Pelagic Crustacea of Travancore. III. Amphipoda. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute of University of Travancore, 5, 29 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Pillais (1957)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFDE689DEE422F8A6" author="Rabindranath, P." box="[619,872,1772,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref50147" refString="Rabindranath, P. (1972) Three species of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) from the Trivandrum Coast, India. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 188, 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1972">Rabindranaths (1972)</bibRefCitation>
descriptions. The specimens appear to belong in
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFF1A8823E64BF88B" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,257,1809,1834]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Minitiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFF1A8823E64BF88B" box="[151,257,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Minitiron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on account of the strongly curved basis of gnathopod 1, but description and illustrations lack necessary additional evidence, e.g. the
<typeStatus id="54AD0BA3FF9AFF5AFE378807E6A0F8EE" box="[442,490,1845,1871]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
of spine-setae on maxilla 1 outer plate. Hence, I do not feel the species is sufficiently well defined to propose a new name for it. It is removed to
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFCA2886BE48BF8D2" box="[815,961,1881,1907]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Minitiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFCA2886BE4D3F8D3" box="[815,921,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Minitiron</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
pending further studies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FF9AFF5AFF4A884EE79DF87E" blockId="75.[151,1437,1628,2015]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFF4A884EE61EF836" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[199,340,1916,1943]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="29 - 68" refId="ref50030" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1957) Pelagic Crustacea of Travancore. III. Amphipoda. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute of University of Travancore, 5, 29 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Pillai (1957)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FF9AFF5AFE01884EE53FF836" author="Rabindranath, P." box="[396,629,1916,1943]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref50147" refString="Rabindranath, P. (1972) Three species of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) from the Trivandrum Coast, India. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 188, 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1972">Rabindranath (1972)</bibRefCitation>
both mention that while males of
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FF9AFF5AFC74884FE24CF837" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Pillai" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1017,1286,1916,1942]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Metatiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidactylus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FF9AFF5AFC74884FE24CF837" box="[1017,1286,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Metatiron brevidactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a vestigial inner plate without setae on maxilla 1, females of the species have a more developed plate with a few terminal setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>