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<document id="9E5841CB6C44916E6B5797B187337313" ID-CLB-Dataset="301345" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad123" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce8c1520-11a3-4d2f-b1ad-224f830e4c45" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13302833" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1722843859434" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobón-Rovira, Javier, Bauer, Aaron M., Pinto, Pedro Vaz, Trape, Jean-Francois, Conradie, Werner, Kusamba, Chifundera, Júlio, Timóteo, Cael, Garin, Stanley, Edward L., Hughes, Daniel F., Behangana, Mathias, Masudi, Franck M., Pauwels, Olivier S. G. &amp; Greenbaum, Eli" docDate="2024" docId="03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad123.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 201 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad123" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.6:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Lygodactylus kibera Lobón-Rovira, Bauer, Pinto, Trape, Conradie, Kusamba, Júlio, Cael, Stanley, Hughes, Behangana, Masudi, Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum, 2024, SP.NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="476" masterDocId="FF8A712DFFD7FFFFFFC2407AFF8CFFB4" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the Lygodactylus gutturalis (Bocage, 1873) complex unveils extensive cryptic diversity and traces its evolutionary history" masterLastPageNumber="492" masterPageNumber="447" pageNumber="474" updateTime="1723452947905" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D4BAEC1BB256CB8566A92A6EF5C20C9A">Integrative revision of the Lygodactylus gutturalis (Bocage, 1873) complex unveils extensive cryptic diversity and traces its evolutionary history</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2AD181C62993AAA467ACC26643ECBB6D">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302862" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13302862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCCFFE4FC6E4462FABDFB86" box="[940,1329,1047,1074]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCCFFE4FC6E4462FABDFB86" blockId="27.[810,1459,1047,1110]" box="[940,1329,1047,1074]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FC6E4462FABDFB86" bold="true" box="[940,1329,1047,1074]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCCFFE4FC6E4462FB41FB86" ID-CoL="C7JCX" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[940,1229,1048,1074]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FC6E4462FB41FB86" bold="true" box="[940,1229,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">LYGODACTYLUS KIBERA</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCCFFE4FCE84444FBD7FB1B" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCCFFE4FCE84444FA3FFBE2" blockId="27.[810,1459,1047,1110]" box="[810,1459,1086,1110]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
(
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCCFFE4FCF74444FC28FBE2" box="[821,932,1086,1110]" captionStart-0="Figure 17" captionStart-1="Figure 18" captionStartId-0="29.[113,178,1122,1146]" captionStartId-1="30.[129,194,1128,1152]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,144,1094]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1473,144,1100]" captionTargetId-0="figure-359@29.[114,1458,144,1094]" captionTargetId-1="figure-444@30.[129,1473,144,1100]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionText-0="Figure 17. Holotype of Lygodactylus kibera sp. nov. (UTEP 22566) from Mpishi, near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi. A, Dorsal and ventral view of body. B, Detailed view of head in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views (from top to bottom). Details of cloacal region (C), (D) tail tip, and (E) left manus." captionText-1="Figure 18. Specimens of Lygodactylus kibera sp. nov. in life or freshly euthanized from (A) Mpishi (holotype: UTEP 22566), near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi, (B) N'Komo River (UTEP 22586), South Kivu Province, DRC, and (C) Bujumbura city, Bujumbura Mairie Province (UTEP 22576), Burundi.Photo of habitat at (D) Mpishi, Bubanza Province, Burundi. Photographs by E.G. (A–C) and C.K. (D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302897" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302899" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13302897/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13302899/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6988DF8FFCCFFE4FC6C4444FC74FBE2" box="[942,1016,1086,1110]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[107,162,413,438]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Summary of external and osteological morphological data of all members within the L. gutturalis complex.Measurements are shown in mm (average and SD). For abbreviations see Material and methods section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF65E8CBFFDBFFF3FFA941E7FE07FE66" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" tableUuid="DF65E8CBFFDBFFF3FFA941E7FE07FE66">Table 3</tableCitation>
; Supporting Information,
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCCFFE4FAC34444FACAFBE2" box="[1281,1350,1086,1110]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[113,178,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[117,1454,147,835]" captionTargetId="figure-489@17.[114,1458,144,838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of the L.gutturalis complex in Africa, on a hybrid map of the major vegetation divisions (Sayre et al. 2013) and 1 arc-second elevation map across tropical Africa (NASA 2000). Different colours depict records of different species within the L. gutturalis subgroup; see inset for explanations of symbols.White circles denote records of L. cf. gutturalis that cannot be assigned to any of the nominate taxa. Black stars represent the type localities of each nominate taxon within the L. picturatus subgroup (1– L. picturatus, 1S– L. picturatus sudanensis, 1U– L. picturatus ukerewensis, 2– L. inexpectatus, 3– L. keniensis, 4– L. kimhowelli, 5– L. manni, 6– L. mombasicus, 7– L. scorteccii, 8– L. tsavoensis, 9– L. wojnowskii, 10– L. williamsi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302854/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Fig. S6</figureCitation>
; Table S7)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FCE84402FB84FB3B" box="[810,1032,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
https://zoobank.org/
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<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCCFFE4FCFE44B4FB1CFA9C" blockId="27.[810,1459,1230,1320]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FCFE44B4FB1CFA9C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCCFFE4FCFE44B4FB16FB5C" ID-CoL="3WQ3T" authorityName="' (Schmidt" authorityYear="1919" box="[828,1178,1230,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="picturatus" subSpecies="gutturalis">Lygodactylus picturatus gutturalis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8BC5B2FFCCFFE4FB6744B4FACDFB5D" author="Schmidt KP" box="[1189,1345,1230,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" pagination="385 - 624" refId="ref37222" refString="Schmidt KP. Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909 - 1915. Part I: turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and chamaeleons. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 1919; 39: 385 - 624." type="journal article" year="1919">Schmidt (1919)</bibRefCitation>
[part]; de Witte (1953) [part]; Pasteur, 1965(1964) [part];
<bibRefCitation id="EF8BC5B2FFCCFFE4FACE4494FA3FFABC" author="Wermuth H" box="[1292,1459,1262,1288]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref37733" refString="Wermuth H. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae. Das Tierreich 1965; 80: I - XXIII, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1965">Wermuth (1965)</bibRefCitation>
[part].
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FCEC4536FB1CFA32" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCCFFE4FCEC4536FB92FAD2" ID-CoL="3WQ3T" authority="(Bocage, 1873)" box="[814,1054,1356,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">Lygodactylus gutturalis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF8BC5B2FFCCFFE4FBEB4536FB12FAD2" author="Roll B" box="[1065,1182,1356,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" pagination="645 - 8" refId="ref36800" refString="Roll B. Lygodactylus gutturalis (Bocage). Sauria (Suppl.) 2005; 27: 645 - 8." type="journal article" year="2005">Röll (2005)</bibRefCitation>
[part];
<bibRefCitation id="EF8BC5B2FFCCFFE4FB284536FA23FAD2" author="Spawls S &amp; Howell K &amp; Hinkel H &amp; Menegon M" box="[1258,1455,1356,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" refId="ref37334" refString="Spawls S, Howell K, Hinkel H, Menegon M. 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. London: Bloomsbury." type="book" year="2018">Spawls et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
[part].
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCCFFE4FCE845E8FBD5F9D2" blockId="27.[810,1459,1356,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FCE845E8FBB2FA1D" box="[810,1086,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCCFFE4FCE845E8FC61FA1E" ID-CoL="C7JCX" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,1005,1426,1450]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera" status="sp. nov.">Lygodactylus kibera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DD92AFFCCFFE4FC3745E8FBB2FA1D" box="[1013,1086,1426,1449]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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belongs to a distinctive clade (B1), from the Albertine Rift of
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCCFFE4FBED45CBFB08FA7D" box="[1071,1156,1457,1481]" name="Burundi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Burundi</collectingCountry>
and eastern
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCCFFE4FAC245CBFAB4FA7D" box="[1280,1336,1457,1481]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">DRC</collectingCountry>
, which clusters as sister to another candidate new species from the northern Albertine Rift in the Lendu Plateau of
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCCFFE4FB01458AFB75F9BC" box="[1219,1273,1520,1544]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">DRC</collectingCountry>
and several highlands of
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCCFFE4FC474675FC5BF993" box="[901,983,1551,1575]" name="Uganda" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, but differs from it by
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FB04466AFB43F993" box="[1222,1231,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">c</emphasis>
. 6.07% in
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FA824675FAEBF993" box="[1344,1383,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">16S</emphasis>
uncorrected p-distance (Table 2), and a lack of nuclear haplotype sharing in
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FC564634FC5CF9D2" box="[916,976,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">RAG1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCCFFE4FC224634FBC4F9D2" box="[992,1096,1614,1638]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1269,1293]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-288@11.[114,1458,144,1242]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 2. A, Multilocus species tree and Bayesian chronogram of divergences among Afro-American Lygodactylus clade (Clade C of Gippner et al. 2021), based on an alignment of 13 concatenated markers (including eight nuclear-encoded genes, four protein-coding mitochondrial genes, and the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene, see Gippner et al.2021). Branches with posterior probability&gt; 0.9 are denoted by asterisks (*) at relevant nodes. Blue bars depict 95% High Probability Density (HPD) intervals of estimated divergence dates.B, Median-joining nuclear allele network showing the relationships between the L. picturatus-fischeri groups, inferred from the RAG1 nuclear gene (262 bp including all available RAG1 sequences of the L. picturatus-fischeri groups).C, Median-joining nuclear allele network of the RAG1 nuclear gene (980 bp) showing the relationships within the L. gutturalis subgroup, excluding L. gutturalis s.s. In all networks, circle frequency of alleles and small lines represent mutational steps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302840/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Fig. 2B–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCCFFE3FCE846F8FD9EFDB5" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCCFFE4FCE846F8FBB1F8A3" blockId="27.[810,1459,1666,1815]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCCFFE4FCE846F8FBB1F8A3" collectingDate="2011-12-20" collectionCode="UTEP, ELI" country="Burundi" elevation="1660" latitude="-3.06974" location="Mpishi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.48445" municipality="Kibira National Park" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" specimenCode="UTEP 22566, ELI 1145" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bubanza" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FCE846F8FC06F92E" box="[810,906,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<typeStatus id="54A106E1FFCCFFE4FCE846F8FC09F92E" box="[810,901,1666,1690]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FC5546F9FBAEF92E" box="[919,1058,1666,1690]" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">UTEP 22566</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FBED46F8FB14F92E" box="[1071,1176,1666,1690]" collectionCode="ELI" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">ELI 1145</specimenCode>
), a male with a ventral incision, collected in a village near montane forest at
<location id="8EC5EE98FFCCFFE4FAF346D8FAF7F90E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B:8EC5EE98FFCCFFE4FAF346D8FAF7F90E" box="[1329,1403,1698,1722]" country="Burundi" latitude="-3.06974" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.48445" municipality="Kibira National Park" name="Mpishi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" stateProvince="Bubanza">Mpishi</location>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC12239FFCCFFE4FCE846BBFB8AF96D" box="[810,1030,1729,1753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Kibira National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DE76A1FFCCFFE4FBD046BBFB43F96D" box="[1042,1231,1729,1753]" country="Burundi" name="Bubanza" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Bubanza Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCCFFE4FB1E46BBFABFF96D" box="[1244,1331,1729,1753]" name="Burundi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Burundi</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCCFFE4FAFD46BBFA3CF96D" box="[1343,1456,1729,1753]" degrees="03.06974" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" precision="1" value="-3.06974">S03.06974</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCCFFE4FCE8469AFC10F94C" box="[810,924,1760,1784]" degrees="29.48445" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" precision="1" value="29.48445">E29.48445</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="00375F70FFCCFFE4FC6A469AFBA1F94C" box="[936,1069,1760,1784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" unit="m" value="1660.0">
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCCFFE4FC6A469AFC75F94C" box="[936,1017,1760,1784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
on
<date id="FFA49E83FFCCFFE4FB9A469AFAADF94C" box="[1112,1313,1760,1784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" value="2011-12-20">
<collectingDate id="EFE0676BFFCCFFE4FB9A469AFAADF94C" box="[1112,1313,1760,1784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" value="2011-12-20">20 December 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
by locals and brought to Eli Greenbaum.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCCFFE3FCE84740FD9EFDB5" blockId="27.[810,1459,1849,1998]" lastBlockId="28.[129,778,144,513]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FCE84740FBBFF8E4" box="[810,1075,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<typeStatus id="54A106E1FFCCFFE4FCE84740FC05F8E5" box="[810,905,1850,1873]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1C73CAFFCCFFE4FC5F4743FBABF8E4" box="[925,1063,1849,1873]" count="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
):
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FB8A4743FBDFF8E5" bold="true" box="[1096,1107,1849,1873]" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCCFFE4FB9C4743FAEEF8E5" box="[1118,1378,1849,1873]" country="Burundi" location="Burundi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="10" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCCFFE4FB9C4743FB23F8E5" box="[1118,1199,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCCFFE4FB9C4743FB23F8E5" box="[1118,1199,1849,1873]" name="Burundi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">Burundi</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1C73CAFFCCFFE4FB004743FAD7F8E5" box="[1218,1371,1849,1873]" count="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCCFFE4FAAD4743FB55F8C4" collectionCode="UTEP, ELI" country="Burundi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" specimenCode="UTEP 22567-69, ELI 1146-48" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FAAD4743FC1FF8C4" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">UTEP 22567–69</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FC644722FBB1F8C4" box="[934,1085,1880,1904]" collectionCode="ELI" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">ELI 1146–48</specimenCode>
), females, and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCCFFE4FB274723FAE4F83B" collectingDate="2011-12-20" collectionCode="UTEP, ELI" country="Burundi" elevation="1660" latitude="-3.06974" location="Mpishi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.48445" municipality="Kibira National Park" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" specimenCode="UTEP 22570, ELI 1149" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bubanza" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FB274723FAF9F8C4" box="[1253,1397,1880,1904]" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">UTEP 22570</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FA4A4722FCEFF824" collectionCode="ELI" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">ELI 1149</specimenCode>
), male with the same collection data as the holotype
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCCFFE4FAAD4702FB36F81B" collectionCode="UTEP, ELI" country="Burundi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" specimenCode="UTEP 22571-73, ELI 1195-97" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FAAD4702FC1FF81B" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">UTEP 22571–73</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FC6147EDFBBAF81B" box="[931,1078,1943,1967]" collectionCode="ELI" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">ELI 1195–97</specimenCode>
), males, and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCCFFE3FB0147EDFDB6FF53" collectingDate="2011-12-21" collectionCode="UTEP, ELI" collectorName="Wandege M. Muninga &amp; Eli Greenbaum" country="Burundi" elevation="1705" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="475" latitude="-3.06749" location="Kibira National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.4856" municipality="Mpishi" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" specimenCode="UTEP 22574-75, ELI 1199-98" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bubanza" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FB0147EDFAF4F81B" box="[1219,1400,1943,1967]" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">UTEP 22574–75</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCCFFE4FA4A47EDFC07F87A" collectionCode="ELI" pageId="27" pageNumber="474">ELI 1199–98</specimenCode>
), a male and a female, respectively, collected in a banana field at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC12239FFCBFFE3FF1040EAFE90FF1C" box="[210,284,144,168]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Mpishi</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location id="8EC5EE98FFCBFFE3FE9D40EAFDB7FF1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B:8EC5EE98FFCBFFE3FE9D40EAFDB7FF1C" box="[351,571,144,168]" country="Burundi" latitude="-3.06749" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.4856" municipality="Mpishi" name="Kibira National Park" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="Bubanza">Kibira National Park</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DE76A1FFCBFFE3FD8A40EAFC89FF1C" box="[584,773,144,168]" country="Burundi" name="Bubanza" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Bubanza Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCBFFE3FF4340D5FF7DFF73" box="[129,241,175,199]" degrees="03.06749" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" precision="1" value="-3.06749">S03.06749</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCBFFE3FF3940D5FEE0FF73" box="[251,364,175,199]" degrees="29.48560" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" precision="1" value="29.4856">E29.48560</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="00375F70FFCBFFE3FEB540D5FE76FF73" box="[375,506,175,199]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="1705.0">
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FEB540D5FE4BFF73" box="[375,455,175,199]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.705" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="1705.0">1705 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
on
<date id="FFA49E83FFCBFFE3FDE040D5FD65FF73" box="[546,745,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" value="2011-12-21">
<collectingDate id="EFE0676BFFCBFFE3FDE040D5FD65FF73" box="[546,745,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" value="2011-12-21">21 December 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FF4340B5FEEAFF53" box="[129,358,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Wandege M. Muninga</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FE5840B5FDB6FF53" box="[410,570,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Eli Greenbaum</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCBFFE3FD8740B5FD3EFEF1" collectingDate="2011-12-16" collectionCode="UTEP, ELI" collectorName="Wandege M. Muninga &amp; Eli Greenbaum" country="Burundi" elevation="811" latitude="-3.38236" location="City" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.36419" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" specimenCode="UTEP 22576, ELI 1071" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bujumbura Mairie" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCBFFE3FD8740B5FD5DFF52" box="[581,721,206,230]" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="Museum">UTEP 22576</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCBFFE3FD1D40B5FF35FEB2" collectionCode="ELI" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">ELI 1071</specimenCode>
), female, collected at
<collectingRegion id="49DE76A1FFCBFFE3FE5B4094FD81FEB2" box="[409,525,238,262]" country="Burundi" name="Bujumbura Mairie" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Bujumbura</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EC5EE98FFCBFFE3FDD14094FDCCFEB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B:8EC5EE98FFCBFFE3FDD14094FDCCFEB2" box="[531,576,238,262]" country="Burundi" latitude="-3.38236" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.36419" name="City" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="Bujumbura Mairie">City</location>
, Bujumbura Mairie Province,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCBFFE3FF2A4177FED4FE91" box="[232,344,269,293]" degrees="03.38236" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" precision="1" value="-3.38236">S03.38236</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCBFFE3FEA04177FE58FE91" box="[354,468,269,293]" degrees="29.36419" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" precision="1" value="29.36419">E29.36419</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="00375F70FFCBFFE3FE1D4177FDD8FE91" box="[479,596,269,293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.11" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="811.0">
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FE1D4177FDAEFE91" box="[479,546,269,293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.11" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="811.0">811 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
on
<date id="FFA49E83FFCBFFE3FDBF4177FF39FEF1" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" value="2011-12-16">
<collectingDate id="EFE0676BFFCBFFE3FDBF4177FF39FEF1" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" value="2011-12-16">16 December 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FF264157FE5EFEF1" box="[228,466,301,325]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Wandege M. Muninga</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FDCC4157FD3EFEF1" box="[526,690,301,325]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Eli Greenbaum</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD024157FD47FEF1" bold="true" box="[704,715,301,325]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCBFFE3FD144157FEABFED0" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="DRC" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD144157FC85FEF0" box="[726,777,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCBFFE3FD144157FC85FEF0" box="[726,777,301,324]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">DRC</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1C73CAFFCBFFE3FF4A4136FEACFED0" box="[136,288,332,356]" count="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCBFFE3FEF34136FF58FE76" collectingDate="2008-06-15" collectionCode="UTEP, EBG" country="DRC" elevation="1260" latitude="-2.71471" location="Bukavu-Uvira" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.94641" municipality="N'Komo River" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" specimenCode="UTEP 22586, EBG 1556" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sud-Kivu" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCBFFE3FEF34136FE31FED0" box="[305,445,332,356]" collectionCode="UTEP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15719" name="University of Texas at El Paso Biodiversity Collections" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="Museum">UTEP 22586</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBC1038FFCBFFE3FE094136FDCDFED0" box="[459,577,332,356]" collectionCode="EBG" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">EBG 1556</specimenCode>
), male, collected in a gallery forest at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC12239FFCBFFE3FE874111FE6FFE37" box="[325,483,363,387]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">N’Komo River</collectingMunicipality>
, road.
<location id="8EC5EE98FFCBFFE3FDEC4111FD32FE37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B30955FFCCFFE2FC6E4462FF66F92B:8EC5EE98FFCBFFE3FDEC4111FD32FE37" box="[558,702,363,387]" country="DRC" latitude="-2.71471" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.94641" municipality="N'Komo River" name="Bukavu-Uvira" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="Sud-Kivu">Bukavu-Uvira</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DE76A1FFCBFFE3FD0E4111FE98FE17" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">South Kivu Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCBFFE3FEDC41F1FE01FE17" box="[286,397,395,419]" degrees="02.71471" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" precision="1" value="-2.71471">S02.71471</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EDE84FFCBFFE3FE5A41F0FD85FE16" box="[408,521,394,418]" degrees="28.94641" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" precision="1" value="28.94641">E28.94641</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="00375F70FFCBFFE3FDD141F0FD18FE17" box="[531,660,394,419]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="1260.0">
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FDD141F0FDEEFE16" box="[531,610,394,418]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="1260.0">1260 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
on
<date id="FFA49E83FFCBFFE3FD7941F0FF39FE76" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" value="2008-06-15">
<collectingDate id="EFE0676BFFCBFFE3FD7941F0FF39FE76" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" value="2008-06-15">15 June 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B72B21EFFCBFFE3FF1941D0FD81FDB5" collectorName="Luhumyo &amp; Chifundera Kusamba &amp; Mwenebatu M. Aristote &amp; Wandege M. Muninga" country="Mauritius" location="Maurice" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCBFFE3FF1941D0FEBCFE76" box="[219,304,426,450]" name="Mauritius" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Maurice</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FEF541D0FE10FE76" box="[311,412,426,450]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Luhumyo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FE6541D0FD09FE76" box="[423,645,426,450]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Chifundera Kusamba</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FD5241D0FF76FE55" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Mwenebatu M. Aristote</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EFDD95FFCBFFE3FEC741B3FE7CFE55" box="[261,496,457,481]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Wandege M. Muninga</collectorName>
, John Akuku, Felix Akuku, Asukulu M’Mema, and Eli Greenbaum
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCBFFE3FF434259FA28FED7" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE3FF434259FF65FC27" blockId="28.[129,778,546,1228]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF434259FF6BFD8E" box="[129,231,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
A large
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE9D4258FE52FD8E" box="[351,478,546,570]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE9D4258FE52FD8E" box="[351,478,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Lygodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[maximum
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FDA94258FD14FD8E" box="[619,664,546,570]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FD644258FC85FD8D" box="[678,777,546,570]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="37.7">37.7 mm</quantity>
(mean 34.7 ±
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FED4423BFEE2FDED" box="[278,366,577,601]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
)], that shares a similar distinctive gular chevron ornamentation with the
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE1D421BFDDBFDCD" box="[479,599,609,633]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE1D421BFDDBFDCD" box="[479,599,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup. It has 7–9 supralabials and 5–7 infralabials. Dorsal pholidosis with granular scales that become flattened, larger, and imbricate on original tails. Large triangular mental followed by usually three (occasionally two) symmetrical postmental scales (Supporting Information,
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FECD4287FED7FCA1" box="[271,347,765,789]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[113,178,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[117,1454,147,835]" captionTargetId="figure-489@17.[114,1458,144,838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of the L.gutturalis complex in Africa, on a hybrid map of the major vegetation divisions (Sayre et al. 2013) and 1 arc-second elevation map across tropical Africa (NASA 2000). Different colours depict records of different species within the L. gutturalis subgroup; see inset for explanations of symbols.White circles denote records of L. cf. gutturalis that cannot be assigned to any of the nominate taxa. Black stars represent the type localities of each nominate taxon within the L. picturatus subgroup (1– L. picturatus, 1S– L. picturatus sudanensis, 1U– L. picturatus ukerewensis, 2– L. inexpectatus, 3– L. keniensis, 4– L. kimhowelli, 5– L. manni, 6– L. mombasicus, 7– L. scorteccii, 8– L. tsavoensis, 9– L. wojnowskii, 10– L. williamsi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302854/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. S6</figureCitation>
). Nostril never in contact with rostral. Ventral pholidosis with large, flattened, imbricate scales. Five to six terminal scansors on the tail tip. Digits elongated with five terminal scansors on the fourth toe (Supporting Information, Table S7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE3FF5E43E0FD21FB78" blockId="28.[129,778,546,1228]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
This species may be easily differentiated from the
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FD5443E1FC85FC06" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1893" box="[662,777,922,946]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angularis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD5443E1FC85FC06" box="[662,777,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. angularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the characteristic
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE5343C3FE2EFC65" bold="true" box="[401,418,953,977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE6043C0FE25FC65" box="[418,425,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">-</emphasis>
shaped gular pattern as
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FD5743C0FC85FC65" box="[661,777,953,977]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD5743C0FC85FC65" box="[661,777,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FF7443A3FEBCFC44" box="[182,304,984,1008]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF7443A3FEBCFC44" box="[182,304,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diagnosis). It can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FD3743A3FF7CFBA4" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paurospilus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD3743A3FF7CFBA4" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. paurospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in the same region, on the basis of three
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF43446DFF1EFB9B" bold="true" box="[129,146,1047,1071]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
-shaped thick chevrons reaching the chest vs. two
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD6B4462FD35FB9B" box="[681,697,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FD6B4462FD35FB9B" box="[681,697,1048,1071]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
-shaped broken gular chevrons in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE48444CFE75FBFA" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[394,505,1078,1102]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paurospilus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE48444CFE75FBFA" box="[394,505,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">paurospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and by having a reduced, almost vestigial postorbitofrontal bone vs. well-developed postorbitofrontal in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE96440CFE53FB39" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[340,479,1141,1165]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paurospilus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE96440CFE53FB39" box="[340,479,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. paurospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It can also be differentiated from other members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE6344EFFD91FB18" baseAuthorityName="Lobon-Rovira and Bauer" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[417,541,1173,1196]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picturatus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE6344EFFD91FB18" box="[417,541,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. picturatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group based on dorsal coloration and gular pattern (see
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE1344CEFDC9FB78" box="[465,581,1204,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE1344CEFDC9FB78" box="[465,581,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
account).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE3FF434497FA28FED7" blockId="28.[129,778,1261,1974]" lastBlockId="28.[825,1474,143,355]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FF434497FEDEFAB1" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,338,1261,1285]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera" status="sp. nov.">Lygodactylus kibera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DD92AFFCBFFE3FE9E4494FE20FAB1" box="[348,428,1262,1285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be differentiated from other species within the
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE8C4577FE45FA90" box="[334,457,1292,1316]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE8C4577FE45FA90" box="[334,457,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup by subtle morphometric and meristic features. This species is best regarded as cryptic, but we provide some characters that are diagnostically useful.
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF0C4510FD89FA36" bold="true" box="[206,517,1386,1410]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FF0C4510FE2AFA36" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,422,1386,1410]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF0C4510FE2AFA36" bold="true" box="[206,422,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Lygodactylus kibera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DD92AFFCBFFE3FE6D4510FD89FA36" box="[431,517,1386,1410]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FD564511FC86FA36" baseAuthorityName="Perret" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[660,778,1386,1410]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysmicus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD564511FC86FA36" box="[660,778,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. dysmicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger size (maximum
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FE6545F0FE58FA16" box="[423,468,1418,1442]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FE1945F0FDB4FA15" box="[475,568,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="37.7">37.7 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FDA345F0FD4FFA16" box="[609,707,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="27.6">27.6 mm</quantity>
); gular patterning always with three
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE6E45D3FE31FA75" bold="true" box="[428,445,1449,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE7F45D0FE48FA75" box="[445,452,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">-</emphasis>
shaped thick chevrons reaching the chest (vs. two thinner
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE4845B2FE17FA54" bold="true" box="[394,411,1480,1504]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
-shaped chevrons, that never extend beyond the posterior part of the lower jaw); fewer precloacal pores (7–8 vs. 9); usually three symmetrical postmental scales vs. two; nostril never in contact with rostral scale (vs. nostril contacting rostral); and lower number of ventral scales across the body (16–18 vs.
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FE9B461FFE02F9C9" box="[345,398,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE57461CFD8BF9C9" baseAuthorityName="Perret" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[405,519,1637,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysmicus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE57461CFD8BF9C9" box="[405,519,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. dysmicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It can be distinguished from
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF7946FFFEDAF928" box="[187,342,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FF7946FFFEBEF928" box="[187,306,1668,1692]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">L. gutturalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DD92AFFCBFFE3FEF946FFFEDAF928" box="[315,342,1669,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by its slightly larger size [maximum
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FD1E46FEFC85F928" box="[732,777,1668,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FF4346DEFF51F90F" box="[129,221,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="37.7">37.7 mm</quantity>
(mean 34.7 ±
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FEB746D9FE4AF908" box="[373,454,1699,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
) vs.
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FE3746D9FDDDF90F" box="[501,593,1699,1723]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.62" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="36.2">36.2 mm</quantity>
(mean 33.3 ±
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FD2846DEFF3EF96F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
)]; snout proportionally narrower (
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FDDF46B9FDB0F96F" box="[541,572,1731,1755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">IN</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FD8646B9FDF9F96F" box="[580,629,1731,1755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">HW</collectionCode>
0.20–0.27 vs. 0.29–0.34) with usually one large internasal scale vs. two smaller internasal scales (this character has shown to be variable in both species). It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FE654758FD91F88D" box="[423,541,1825,1849]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE654758FD91F88D" box="[423,541,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FD904758FD44F88D" authorityName=", Schmidt" authorityYear="1919" box="[594,712,1825,1849]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD904758FD44F88D" box="[594,712,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on gular pattern always having three thick
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FD81473AFDD8F8EC" bold="true" box="[579,596,1856,1880]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
-shaped chevrons reaching the chest [vs. two or three (in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FDD8471AFD1CF8C3" box="[538,656,1887,1911]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FDD8471AFD1CF8C3" box="[538,656,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or one or two (in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FF1747FAFEC6F823" authorityName=", Schmidt" authorityYear="1919" box="[213,330,1919,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FF1747FAFEC6F823" box="[213,330,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) thinner
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FE724705FE4DF823" bold="true" box="[432,449,1919,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
-shaped chevrons that never extend beyond the posterior part of the lower jaw]; proportionally more elongated head (HL/
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FB8D40EAFB0EFF1C" box="[1103,1154,144,168]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
0.27–0.30 vs. 0.24–0.26) with larger eyes (
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FC7140D5FC51FF73" box="[947,989,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">OD</collectionCode>
/HL 0.24–0.27 vs. 0.20–0.23) than
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FA8C40CAFA4EFF73" authorityName=", Schmidt" authorityYear="1919" box="[1358,1474,175,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FA8C40CAFA4EFF73" box="[1358,1474,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FC8640B4FCF0FF52" box="[836,892,206,230]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,178,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,717]" captionTargetId="figure-570@15.[114,1458,144,720]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. A, PCA plots of the first principal component (PC1) vs. the second principal component (PC2). Species are represented by different colours included in the legend. B, Boxplots (top whisker–maximum value; lower whisker–minimum value; dark horizontal line–median) of the body size (SVL) and linear measurements analysed in this study.Values in all the variables with the exception of SVL, are represented using the Least-squares means interaction plot (function Lsmip, package lsmeans). For abbreviations and further details see Material and methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302846/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6988DF8FFCBFFE3FC4B40B4FC5FFF52" box="[905,979,206,230]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[107,162,413,438]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Summary of external and osteological morphological data of all members within the L. gutturalis complex.Measurements are shown in mm (average and SD). For abbreviations see Material and methods section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF65E8CBFFDBFFF3FFA941E7FE07FE66" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" tableUuid="DF65E8CBFFDBFFF3FFA941E7FE07FE66">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The new species occurs in mid-elevation moist forest, agricultural fields, and human habitations, vs. lowland dry sub-Saharan savannah (
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FBF34174FB24FE91" box="[1073,1192,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FBF34174FB24FE91" box="[1073,1192,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. gutturalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and lowland rainforest of the
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCBFFE3FCA24156FC2AFEF0" box="[864,934,300,324]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Congo</collectingCountry>
Basin (
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FC364157FBE9FEF0" baseAuthorityName="Perret" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1012,1125,300,324]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysmicus">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FC364157FBE9FEF0" box="[1012,1125,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">L. dysmicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FB554156FB43FEF0" box="[1175,1231,300,324]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[113,178,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[117,1454,147,835]" captionTargetId="figure-489@17.[114,1458,144,838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of the L.gutturalis complex in Africa, on a hybrid map of the major vegetation divisions (Sayre et al. 2013) and 1 arc-second elevation map across tropical Africa (NASA 2000). Different colours depict records of different species within the L. gutturalis subgroup; see inset for explanations of symbols.White circles denote records of L. cf. gutturalis that cannot be assigned to any of the nominate taxa. Black stars represent the type localities of each nominate taxon within the L. picturatus subgroup (1– L. picturatus, 1S– L. picturatus sudanensis, 1U– L. picturatus ukerewensis, 2– L. inexpectatus, 3– L. keniensis, 4– L. kimhowelli, 5– L. manni, 6– L. mombasicus, 7– L. scorteccii, 8– L. tsavoensis, 9– L. wojnowskii, 10– L. williamsi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302854/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). For a distinction with other species described below, see their respective diagnoses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCBFFE3FCFB41FFFA4DFE4F" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE3FCFB41FFFA4DFE4F" blockId="28.[825,1474,389,507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FCFB41FFFC24FE29" box="[825,936,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCBFFE3FBE641FFFBEAFE29" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[1060,1126,389,413]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera">
‘
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FBE841FFFBEAFE29" box="[1066,1126,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">kibera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ derives from the word ‘kibira’ or ‘kibera’ in Kinubi—a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language spoken in some regions of
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCBFFE3FB9341B9FB24FE6F" box="[1105,1192,451,475]" name="Burundi" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Burundi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCBFFE3FB7641BEFB7BFE68" box="[1204,1271,452,476]" name="Kenya" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCBFFE3FAED41B9FA0CFE6F" box="[1327,1408,451,475]" name="Uganda" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Uganda</collectingCountry>
—that means ‘forest’, the main habitat
<typeStatus id="54A106E1FFCBFFE3FBBA4199FB2AFE4F" box="[1144,1190,483,507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">type</typeStatus>
associated with the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCBFFE2FCFB4267FE56F9BC" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE3FCFB4267FBDAFA15" blockId="28.[825,1475,540,1441]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FCFB4267FBD7FD80" box="[825,1115,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54A106E1FFCBFFE3FBC54266FBD7FD80" box="[1031,1115,540,564]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FB414266FB5EFD80" box="[1155,1234,540,564]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[113,178,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-359@29.[114,1458,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Lygodactylus kibera sp. nov. (UTEP 22566) from Mpishi, near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi. A, Dorsal and ventral view of body. B, Detailed view of head in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views (from top to bottom). Details of cloacal region (C), (D) tail tip, and (E) left manus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302897/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
): Measurements and meristic characters of the
<typeStatus id="54A106E1FFCBFFE3FB834241FB13FDE7" box="[1089,1183,571,595]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are presented in Supporting Information, Table S7. Adult male, with a snout–vent length (
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FC834200FCF9FD26" box="[833,885,634,658]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
) of
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FC654200FB85FD26" box="[935,1033,634,658]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="36.9">36.9 mm</quantity>
and a slightly larger original tail length (TL =
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FC4142E3FC60FD06" box="[899,1004,665,690]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="40.6">40.6 mm</quantity>
). Body slender, nape moderately distinct. Head as broad as body, and moderate head length (
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FAA342C3FA1EFD65" box="[1377,1426,697,721]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">HW</collectionCode>
/HL 0.70). Canthus rostralis not prominent. Eye diameter
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FAAE42A2FA32FD44" box="[1388,1470,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, with circular pupil. Ear to eye distance slightly larger than orbit diameter (
<quantity id="4CE215A6FFCBFFE3FC1C436DFBBAFC9B" box="[990,1078,791,815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
). Snout rounded and slightly pointed. Frontal granular scales larger than occipital scales. Dorsal scales granular from rostral to tail. Rostral undivided, in contact with 1st supralabial, prenasals, and one large internasal scale. Eight to nine supralabials and six infralabials. Prenasal scale in contact with 1st supralabial. Nostril circular, bordered by 1st supralabial, prenasal, one supranasal, and one postnasal. Four rows of scales between supralabials and the orbit. Mental large, triangular, and rounded posteriorly, with two large rounded postmental scales separated by one small rounded postmental scale. Five post-postmental scales. Gular scales granular, rounded, and slightly smaller than ventral scales. Ventral scales large, imbricate, with 17 scales rows across the venter. Body relatively robust and slightly elongated (
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FB6F44D4FB6EFB72" box="[1197,1250,1198,1222]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">TRL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FB2944D4FA92FB72" box="[1259,1310,1198,1222]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
0.43). Tail with 51 enlarged transverse scales and six pairs of terminal scansors on the tip. Seven precloacal pores. Fore- and hind limbs moderately short, stout; forearm medium-sized (
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FAD94576FAB0FA90" box="[1307,1340,1292,1316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">FL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FA864576FAFBFA90" box="[1348,1399,1292,1316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
0.14); tibia short (CL/
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FC244551FB96FAF7" box="[998,1050,1323,1347]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
0.16). Digits elongated and unwebbed with 5–6 terminal scansors. Thumb rudimentary with a small claw. Relative length of digits: I &lt;II =
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FB154510FB64FA35" box="[1239,1256,1386,1409]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&lt;III &lt;IV (manus); I &lt;II &lt;
<collectionCode id="ED0B2086FFCBFFE3FC4D45F0FC2CFA15" box="[911,928,1418,1441]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&lt;III &lt;IV (pes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE3FCFB45B2FA1BF94E" blockId="28.[825,1474,1480,1786]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FCFB45B2FC74FA54" box="[825,1016,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Coloration: In life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FBCE45B2FBDAFA55" box="[1036,1110,1480,1505]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="30.[129,194,1128,1152]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-444@30.[129,1473,144,1100]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 18. Specimens of Lygodactylus kibera sp. nov. in life or freshly euthanized from (A) Mpishi (holotype: UTEP 22566), near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi, (B) N'Komo River (UTEP 22586), South Kivu Province, DRC, and (C) Bujumbura city, Bujumbura Mairie Province (UTEP 22576), Burundi.Photo of habitat at (D) Mpishi, Bubanza Province, Burundi. Photographs by E.G. (A–C) and C.K. (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302899/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), dorsal coloration brownish grey with light cream-beige lines from nape to tail on each side of the dorsum interspersed by five or six lighter cream dots surrounded by black flanks. Black line from nostril to the anterior insertion of the forelimb. Gular region with white coloration and three black
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FCFB461FFCC6F9C9" bold="true" box="[825,842,1637,1661]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">∩</emphasis>
-shaped chevrons. First and second chevrons in contact. Venter uniform orange from second chevrons to anterior portion of the tail and extending onto the hind limbs. Ventral surface of tail tip and digits whitish.
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FBC646BEFB18F96F" box="[1028,1172,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">In preservative</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54A106E1FFCBFFE3FB6746B9FA85F96F" box="[1189,1289,1731,1755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FAD446B9FAD3F96F" box="[1302,1375,1731,1755]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="29.[113,178,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-359@29.[114,1458,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Lygodactylus kibera sp. nov. (UTEP 22566) from Mpishi, near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi. A, Dorsal and ventral view of body. B, Detailed view of head in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views (from top to bottom). Details of cloacal region (C), (D) tail tip, and (E) left manus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302897/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) dorsum dark brown and venter with uniform light cream coloration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCBFFE2FCFB475AFE56F9BC" blockId="28.[825,1474,1823,1973]" lastBlockId="29.[113,763,1300,1544]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCBFFE3FCFB475AFC10F883" box="[825,924,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Variation:</emphasis>
The meristic characters of the head and body of this species are variable (see Supporting Information, Table S7). Coloration of this species seems to be consistent, with the gular coloration slightly lighter in females. First and second gular chevrons may be in contact or not (Supporting Information,
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCBFFE3FAAF47E6FA3DF800" box="[1389,1457,1948,1972]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[113,178,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[117,1454,147,835]" captionTargetId="figure-489@17.[114,1458,144,838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of the L.gutturalis complex in Africa, on a hybrid map of the major vegetation divisions (Sayre et al. 2013) and 1 arc-second elevation map across tropical Africa (NASA 2000). Different colours depict records of different species within the L. gutturalis subgroup; see inset for explanations of symbols.White circles denote records of L. cf. gutturalis that cannot be assigned to any of the nominate taxa. Black stars represent the type localities of each nominate taxon within the L. picturatus subgroup (1– L. picturatus, 1S– L. picturatus sudanensis, 1U– L. picturatus ukerewensis, 2– L. inexpectatus, 3– L. keniensis, 4– L. kimhowelli, 5– L. manni, 6– L. mombasicus, 7– L. scorteccii, 8– L. tsavoensis, 9– L. wojnowskii, 10– L. williamsi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302854/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="475">Fig. S6</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FFB3456FFEE2FA99" box="[113,366,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCAFFE2FE50456FFE59FA99" box="[402,469,1301,1325]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[113,178,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[117,1454,147,835]" captionTargetId="figure-489@17.[114,1458,144,838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of the L.gutturalis complex in Africa, on a hybrid map of the major vegetation divisions (Sayre et al. 2013) and 1 arc-second elevation map across tropical Africa (NASA 2000). Different colours depict records of different species within the L. gutturalis subgroup; see inset for explanations of symbols.White circles denote records of L. cf. gutturalis that cannot be assigned to any of the nominate taxa. Black stars represent the type localities of each nominate taxon within the L. picturatus subgroup (1– L. picturatus, 1S– L. picturatus sudanensis, 1U– L. picturatus ukerewensis, 2– L. inexpectatus, 3– L. keniensis, 4– L. kimhowelli, 5– L. manni, 6– L. mombasicus, 7– L. scorteccii, 8– L. tsavoensis, 9– L. wojnowskii, 10– L. williamsi)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302854/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321A4C6FFCAFFE2FE25456FFD8DFA99" box="[487,513,1301,1325]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="30.[129,194,1128,1152]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-444@30.[129,1473,144,1100]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 18. Specimens of Lygodactylus kibera sp. nov. in life or freshly euthanized from (A) Mpishi (holotype: UTEP 22566), near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi, (B) N'Komo River (UTEP 22586), South Kivu Province, DRC, and (C) Bujumbura city, Bujumbura Mairie Province (UTEP 22576), Burundi.Photo of habitat at (D) Mpishi, Bubanza Province, Burundi. Photographs by E.G. (A–C) and C.K. (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302899/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">18</figureCitation>
):
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FDE2456EFF44FAF8" bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCAFFE2FDE2456EFD76FA98" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[544,762,1300,1324]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FDE2456EFD76FA98" bold="true" box="[544,762,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Lygodactylus kibera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DD92AFFCAFFE2FFB3454EFF44FAF8" box="[113,200,1332,1356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="476" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is known from the Albertine Rift adjacent to Lake Tanganyika in
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCAFFE2FED74529FEE6FADF" box="[277,362,1363,1387]" name="Burundi" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Burundi</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCAFFE2FE684529FE6EFADF" box="[426,482,1363,1387]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">DRC</collectingCountry>
. Specimens from Mpishi,
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCAFFE2FFB34509FF44FA3F" box="[113,200,1395,1419]" name="Burundi" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, were collected near montane forest in banana fields. The specimen from
<collectingRegion id="49DE76A1FFCAFFE2FE8745E8FE37FA1E" box="[325,443,1426,1450]" country="Burundi" name="Bujumbura Mairie" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Bujumbura</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCAFFE2FE0545E8FD92FA1E" box="[455,542,1426,1450]" name="Burundi" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, was collected inside a hotel in the middle of the city. The specimen from N’Komo River,
<collectingCountry id="F30DF8D3FFCAFFE2FF7145ABFF67FA5D" box="[179,235,1489,1513]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">DRC</collectingCountry>
, was found on a tree near a small river between secondary gallery forest and grassland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF65E8CBFFCAFFE2FFB34418FE4AFB06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13302897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13302897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13302897/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="476" startId="29.[113,178,1122,1146]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1094]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCAFFE2FFB34418FE4AFB06" blockId="29.[113,1442,1122,1202]" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FFB34418FF5AFBCE" bold="true" box="[113,214,1122,1146]" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FE904418FDE9FBCE" bold="true" box="[338,613,1122,1146]" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AC3C0FFCAFFE2FE904418FD9AFBCE" authorityName="Lobón-Rovira &amp; Bauer &amp; Pinto &amp; Trape &amp; Conradie &amp; Kusamba &amp; Júlio &amp; Cael &amp; Stanley &amp; Hughes &amp; Behangana &amp; Masudi &amp; Pauwels &amp; Greenbaum" authorityYear="2024" box="[338,534,1122,1146]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Lygodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FE904418FD9AFBCE" bold="true" box="[338,534,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Lygodactylus kibera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DD92AFFCAFFE2FDD84418FDE9FBCE" box="[538,613,1122,1146]" pageId="29" pageNumber="476" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(UTEP 22566) from Mpishi, near Kibira National Park, Bubanza Province, Burundi. A, Dorsal and ventral view of body. B, Detailed view of head in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views (from top to bottom). Details of cloacal region (C), (D) tail tip, and (E) left manus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C300EBC8FFCAFFE2FFB34653FF66F92B" pageId="29" pageNumber="476" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA5B843FFCAFFE2FFB34653FF66F92B" blockId="29.[113,762,1577,1695]" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B96E6451FFCAFFE2FFB34653FE9FF9F5" box="[113,275,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="476">Natural history:</emphasis>
An arboreal species with diurnal habits frequently found on the trunk or branches of trees, and also around anthropogenically altered areas such as buildings and plantations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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