treatments-xml/data/C0/47/87/C04787D4FFC6FFF2FF07F9B56197CA59.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:15 +02:00

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<mods:title id="CC0214CB8A5C969EF13D7A6CC7BE5FF6">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC6FFEDFF07F9B567F4CD6B" box="[151,695,1554,1581]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F9B567F4CD6B" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[151,695,1554,1581]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F9B5658BCD6B" bold="true" box="[151,200,1554,1580]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">151.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFF67F9B567F0CD6B" ID-CoL="3QGHM" authority="Bishopp and Smith, 1937" authorityName="Bishopp and Smith" authorityYear="1937" box="[247,691,1554,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muris">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF67F9B564CECD6B" bold="true" box="[247,397,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ixodes muris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFE04F9B567F0CD6B" author="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N." box="[404,691,1554,1580]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref187826" refString="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N. (1937) A new species of Ixodes from Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 39, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Bishopp and Smith, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC6FFEDFD2CF9B5662ACDA7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFD2CF9B5662ACDA7" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
A Nearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFF2DF9916464CD17" box="[189,295,1590,1616]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFEA4F99164E9CD17" box="[308,426,1590,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cricetidae</taxonomicName>
, but they have also been collected from other
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFC5AF9916100CD17" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[970,1091,1590,1616]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
(several orders), and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFAD3F99165AACD33" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFF64F9FD64CACD33" box="[244,393,1626,1652]" class="Aves" family="Passerellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Passerellidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFE04F9FD64BDCD33" box="[404,510,1626,1652]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Parulidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFDA3F9FD67D4CD33" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[563,663,1626,1652]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
(rarely as adult ticks). Adults and nymphs have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFF07F9D96462CDDF" box="[151,289,1662,1688]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFEBEF9D964F4CDDF" box="[302,439,1662,1688]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
; adults and larvae have been taken from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFC1EF9D96173CDDF" box="[910,1072,1662,1688]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFBACF9D9619ECDDF" box="[1084,1245,1662,1688]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Troglodytidae</taxonomicName>
; while immature stages have been recorded from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFD9CF9056700CDFB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[524,579,1698,1724]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
(several orders) (Guglielmone
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFC3EF90466AACDFB" box="[942,1001,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2014,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFBABF90560DBCDFB" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[1083,1432,1698,1724]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref204760" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone &amp; Robbins 2018</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFF07F9616417CDA7" author="Scott, J. D. &amp; Clark, K. L. &amp; Foley, J. E. &amp; Anderson, J. F. &amp; Bierman, B. C. &amp; Durden, L. A." box="[151,340,1734,1760]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref245432" refString="Scott, J. D., Clark, K. L., Foley, J. E., Anderson, J. F., Bierman, B. C. &amp; Durden, L. A. (2018) Extensive distribution of the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in multiple tick species parasitizing avian and mammalian hosts across Canada. Healthcare, 6 (3, article 131, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / healthcare 6040131" type="journal article" year="2018">
Scott
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF48F9606453CDA7" box="[216,272,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC6FFEDFEF6F96164B5CDA7" authorityName="Bishopp and Smith" authorityYear="1937" box="[358,502,1734,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muris">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFEF6F96164B5CDA7" box="[358,502,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ixodes muris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a frequent parasite of humans.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F94D64A9CC43" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[151,490,1770,1796]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F94D65F8CC43" bold="true" box="[151,187,1770,1796]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFF52F94D64A9CC43" author="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N." box="[194,490,1770,1796]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref187826" refString="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N. (1937) A new species of Ixodes from Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 39, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Bishopp and Smith (1937)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F8A964A2CC6F" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[151,481,1806,1832]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F8A965F1CC6F" bold="true" box="[151,178,1806,1832]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFF29F8A964A2CC6F" author="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N." box="[185,481,1806,1832]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref187826" refString="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N. (1937) A new species of Ixodes from Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 39, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Bishopp and Smith (1937)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F89564A7CC0B" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[151,484,1842,1868]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F89565F6CC0B" bold="true" box="[151,181,1842,1868]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFF2CF89564A7CC0B" author="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N." box="[188,484,1842,1868]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref187826" refString="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N. (1937) A new species of Ixodes from Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 39, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Bishopp and Smith (1937)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F8F164A1CC37" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[151,482,1878,1904]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F8F165F0CC37" bold="true" box="[151,179,1878,1904]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFF2AF8F164A1CC37" author="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N." box="[186,482,1878,1904]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref187826" refString="Bishopp, F. C. &amp; Smith, C. N. (1937) A new species of Ixodes from Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 39, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Bishopp and Smith (1937)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F8DD640BCCD3" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[151,328,1914,1940]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F8DD640BCCD3" bold="true" box="[151,328,1914,1940]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC6FFEDFF07F8396462CC9A" blockId="47.[151,1436,1554,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F83965F8CCFF" bold="true" box="[151,187,1950,1976]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFF52F83964A2CCFE" author="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[194,481,1950,1977]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref193302" refString="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1945">Cooley and Kohls (1945)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFE7DF83967E3CCFE" author="Gregson, J. D." box="[493,672,1950,1977]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref204224" refString="Gregson, J. D. (1956) The Ixodoidea of Canada. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division Publication 930. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 92 pp." type="book" year="1956">Gregson (1956)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFD3CF83966A4CCFF" author="Keirans, J. E. &amp; Clifford, C. M." box="[684,999,1950,1976]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref217945" refString="Keirans, J. E. &amp; Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1" type="journal article" year="1978">Keirans and Clifford (1978)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFC64F8396066CCFF" author="Keirans, J. E. &amp; Litwak, T. R." box="[1012,1317,1950,1976]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="435 - 448" refId="ref218557" refString="Keirans, J. E. &amp; Litwak, T. R. (1989) Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 435 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.5.435" type="journal article" year="1989">Keirans and Litwak (1989)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC6FFEDFAA1F8396462CC9A" author="Lindquist, E. E. &amp; Galloway, T. D. &amp; Artsob, H. &amp; Lindsay, L. R. &amp; Drebot, M. &amp; Wood, H. &amp; Robbins, R. G." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref226285" refString="Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186" type="book" year="2016">
Lindquist
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC6FFEDFF07F864658CCC9B" box="[151,207,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD9FFF2FF07FF306462CB91" blockId="48.[151,1436,150,286]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD9FFF2FF07FF3065F1CBF6" bold="true" box="[151,178,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD9FFF2FF29FF306499CBF6" author="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[185,474,150,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref193302" refString="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1945">Cooley and Kohls (1945)</bibRefCitation>
,
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</paragraph>
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