160 lines
21 KiB
XML
160 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="EB7B4CEA2724D58A386CBE11779050A5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3619.1.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220769" ID-ZooBank="95DE82C1-D18A-446E-A369-1C289A784651" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1460577227977" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M." docDate="2013" docId="03A087CCD557FFB51F89FEE0FBCFFCF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03619p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3619 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chaloenus Westwood 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FF99FFB4D556FFB71F1EFB21FFB4FF8F" masterDocTitle="Chrysomelid males with enlarged mandibles: three new species and a review of occurrence in the family (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1730464408062" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="35AD63846B2435AF4D6E98F3E6A58AAD">Chrysomelid males with enlarged mandibles: three new species and a review of occurrence in the family (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B4A15FA043ABDD8136C3F1EEF4B0B16C">Reid, C. A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A57CED46761189383A21433B1A4AAE78">Beatson, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D897412031604941D34D0EBDFAA0B30C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B71B673EC7F1E65DA8CD40D396BFDC7A">
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<mods:date id="13440C02020C0C7344FAE01B59460845">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AE589227B10FB54B6E627432B4AEA9DA">2013-02-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="681F9707F425C91C63E8BA5A698DDB92">3619</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="144B00443DCA21231CEE51B8ACBAB799" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D557FFB61F89FEE0FDBAFA55" box="[151,526,1473,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD557FFB61F89FEE0FDBAFA55" blockId="1.[151,526,1473,1498]" box="[151,526,1473,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D557FFB61F89FEE0FDBAFA55" authority="Westwood 1861: 216" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,526,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D557FFB61F89FEE0FDBAFA55" bold="true" box="[151,526,1473,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D557FFB61F89FEE0FEA0FA55" bold="true" box="[151,276,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Chaloenus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD557FFB61E04FEE3FDBAFA55" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[282,526,1473,1498]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="216 - 8" part="1" refId="ref14868" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1861) Description and figures of a new genus and species of Gallerucidae. Journal of Entomology, 1 (4), 216 - 8." title="Description and figures of a new genus and species of Gallerucidae" type="journal article" year="1861">Westwood 1861: 216</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D557FFB61F89FD2AFBBBF9AF" box="[151,1039,1546,1568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD557FFB61F89FD2AFBBBF9AF" blockId="1.[151,1039,1546,1568]" box="[151,1039,1546,1568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<typeStatus id="54B28878D557FFB61F89FD2AFF7CF9AF" box="[151,200,1547,1568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D557FFB61E38FD2BFDD4F9AF" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[294,608,1546,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D557FFB61E38FD2BFE59F9AF" box="[294,493,1546,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Chaloenus latifrons</emphasis>
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Westwood
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD557FFB61C9CFD2BFBBCF9AF" author="Wilcox, J. A." box="[898,1032,1546,1568]" journalOrPublisher="Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="431 - 664" part="78" refId="ref14902" refString="Wilcox, J. A. (1973) Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa, 78 (3), 431 - 664." title="Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wilcox 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D557FFB51F89FD6DFE64FEEB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD557FFB51F89FD6DFE64FEEB" blockId="1.[151,1436,1612,2032]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,895]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D557FFB61F89FD6DFE1CF9EA" bold="true" box="[151,424,1612,1637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Diagnostic description</emphasis>
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(based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD557FFB61D2AFD6DFD5AF9EB" author="Takizawa, H." box="[564,750,1612,1636]" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="269 - 330" part="23" refId="ref14766" refString="Takizawa, H. (2012) Descriptions of new species of the genus Chaloenus Westwood from Greater Sunda Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Genus, 23 (2), 269 - 330." title="Descriptions of new species of the genus Chaloenus Westwood from Greater Sunda Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Takizawa, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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, and examination of 12 species). Small to medium sized alticine, length
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<quantity id="4CF19B3FD557FFB61E4CFD51FE18F907" box="[338,428,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8mm</quantity>
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; head deflected at antennal insertions, especially in males, with genae and clypeus elongated; genae long, 0.5–2.0x eye length; male frontoclypeus without pits, setose foveae, tubercles or spines; postantennal calli well-defined, adjacent, convex, triangular to rectangular; antennal insertions close, separated by less than socket diameter; first antennomere greatly elongated, much longer than eye, second short, third elongated; labrum with truncate or convex apical margin; apical maxillary palpomere conical, shorter and narrower than preapical; pronotum strongly transverse, width 1.5–
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<date id="FFB7101AD557FFB61DDBFC05FD67F8B3" box="[709,723,1828,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">2</date>
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x length, broadest at anterior half (usually at anterior angles); pronotum with or without discal depressions (not sharply defined); anterior pronotal border usually absent; procoxae strongly protruding, adjacent; prosternal process narrow but present between coxae; procoxal cavities closed by insertion of hypomera into apex of prosternal process; elytra non-striate to striate, rarely partially costate; elytra glabrous or with scattered erect setae; epipleuron broad at base (0.15–
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<date id="FFB7101AD557FFB61CECFC95FC4BF843" box="[1010,1023,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">2</date>
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x elytral width), gradually narrowed, upper and lower margins fusing well before elytral apex; mesoventrite process almost triangular, with truncate apex; metaventrite without posterior lobes between hind coxae; metafemur 1.5–
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<date id="FFB7101AD554FFB51B06FBB6FB92FF20" box="[1048,1062,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">2</date>
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x width mesofemur, with internal folded extensor endosclerite for jumping; tibiae rarely sharply ridged externally, without apical spurs; length of first metatarsomere slightly shorter to slightly longer than 2+3; third tarsomere deeply bilobed; tarsal claws appendiculate with basal lobe large and acute; ventrites not laterally ridged; male last ventrite trilobate, with two slots defining median apical lobe; female last ventrite simple; penis elongate-cylindrical with expanded basal foramen, apex symmetrical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D554FFB51FD9FA51FBCFFCF0" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD554FFB51FD9FA51FED4FD28" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51FD9FA51FEA5FE07" bold="true" box="[199,273,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Notes.</emphasis>
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The original paper erecting
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51D51FA51FD73FE07" box="[591,711,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51D51FA51FD73FE07" box="[591,711,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chaloenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was published in issue ‘IV’ of the
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51B4EFA51FAE5FE07" box="[1104,1361,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Journal of Entomology</emphasis>
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, dated December, 1861 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51E40FAB5FDADFE23" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[350,537,404,428]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="216 - 8" part="1" refId="ref14868" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1861) Description and figures of a new genus and species of Gallerucidae. Journal of Entomology, 1 (4), 216 - 8." title="Description and figures of a new genus and species of Gallerucidae" type="journal article" year="1861">Westwood 1861</bibRefCitation>
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). The statement that Medvedev “erroneously dated it as 1861” (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51BFBFAB5FE35FE40" author="Konstantinov, A. S. & Prathapan, K. D." journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterist's Bulletin" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="381 - 418" part="62" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/1089.1" refId="ref12626" refString="Konstantinov, A. S. & Prathapan, K. D. (2008) New generic synonyms in the Oriental flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 62 (3), 381 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1649 / 1089.1" title="New generic synonyms in the Oriental flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Konstantinov & Prathapan 2008: 391</bibRefCitation>
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) is therefore incorrect. Furthermore, the genus was originally credited with two species, both new, one described by Westwood and one by Baly. A
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<typeStatus id="54B28878D554FFB51DF5FAFCFCAFFE7A" box="[747,795,477,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
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species was not clearly designated and the genus was not monotypic, therefore the statement by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51D41FADEFCF2FD98" author="Wilcox, J. A." box="[607,838,511,535]" journalOrPublisher="Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="431 - 664" part="78" refId="ref14902" refString="Wilcox, J. A. (1973) Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa, 78 (3), 431 - 664." title="Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wilcox (1973: 656)</bibRefCitation>
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, that
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51C92F921FB3BFD98" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[908,1167,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51C92F921FBBBFD97" box="[908,1039,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">C. latifrons</emphasis>
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Westwood
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</taxonomicName>
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is the
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<typeStatus id="54B28878D554FFB51BF6F921FAACFD97" box="[1256,1304,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
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species by monotypy, was erroneous. Ironically, Wilcox's statement constitutes a
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<typeStatus id="54B28878D554FFB51B1DF904FB87FDB2" box="[1027,1075,549,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
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species designation in itself (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1999, Art. 69.1.1), which is
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51CEBF969FB47FDD0" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[1013,1267,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51CEBF969FBC7FDEF" box="[1013,1139,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">C. latifrons</emphasis>
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Westwood
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation of Wilcox. This was overlooked by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51DDDF94DFBFEFD0B" author="Konstantinov, A. S. & Prathapan, K. D." box="[707,1098,620,644]" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterist's Bulletin" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="381 - 418" part="62" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/1089.1" refId="ref12626" refString="Konstantinov, A. S. & Prathapan, K. D. (2008) New generic synonyms in the Oriental flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 62 (3), 381 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1649 / 1089.1" title="New generic synonyms in the Oriental flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Konstantinov & Prathapan (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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, who uneccessarily made the same designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD554FFB51FD9F995FC33FC9B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51FD9F995FDE9FD43" author="Konstantinov, A. S. & Prathapan, K. D." box="[199,605,692,716]" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterist's Bulletin" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="381 - 418" part="62" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/1089.1" refId="ref12626" refString="Konstantinov, A. S. & Prathapan, K. D. (2008) New generic synonyms in the Oriental flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterist's Bulletin, 62 (3), 381 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1649 / 1089.1" title="New generic synonyms in the Oriental flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">Konstantinov & Prathapan (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymised
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51C0EF994FB88FD43" authority="Jacoby, 1884" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1884" box="[784,1084,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Priostomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51C0EF994FC3BFD43" box="[784,911,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Priostomus</emphasis>
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Jacoby, 1884
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</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51B8FF995FABCFD43" box="[1169,1288,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51B8FF995FABCFD43" box="[1169,1288,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chaloenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51F89F9F9FEBBFD7F" box="[151,271,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51F89F9F9FEBBFD7F" box="[151,271,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chaloenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has recently been revised (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51D40F9F6FCA6FD60" author="Takizawa, H." box="[606,786,727,751]" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="269 - 330" part="23" refId="ref14766" refString="Takizawa, H. (2012) Descriptions of new species of the genus Chaloenus Westwood from Greater Sunda Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Genus, 23 (2), 269 - 330." title="Descriptions of new species of the genus Chaloenus Westwood from Greater Sunda Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Takizawa 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) with these two concepts,
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51B44F9F9FB66FD7F" box="[1114,1234,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51B44F9F9FB66FD7F" box="[1114,1234,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chaloenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51A0BF9F8FA20FD7F" box="[1301,1428,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Priostomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51A0BF9F8FA20FD7F" box="[1301,1428,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Priostomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, retained as subgenera, separated primarily by antennal proportions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636DAD554FFB51FD9F801FBCFFCF0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51FD9F801FE8BFCB7" box="[199,319,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D554FFB51FD9F801FE8BFCB7" box="[199,319,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Chaloenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of many genera of the leaf beetle subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D554FFB51C62F83EFBB7FCB8" box="[892,1027,799,823]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galerucinae">Galerucinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with greatest diversity on the Sunda Shelf of south-east Asia. There are 42 described species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD554FFB51C03F865FC7AFCD3" author="Takizawa, H." box="[797,974,836,860]" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="269 - 330" part="23" refId="ref14766" refString="Takizawa, H. (2012) Descriptions of new species of the genus Chaloenus Westwood from Greater Sunda Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Genus, 23 (2), 269 - 330." title="Descriptions of new species of the genus Chaloenus Westwood from Greater Sunda Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Takizawa 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 36 of which are recorded from Borneo. The new species described below is also Bornean and belongs to the nominate subgenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |